如何在django上自动创建createuperuser

运行面命令创建 django 项目项目名称叫 mysite ：

$ django-admin.py startproject mysite

创建项目目录：

mysite

├── manage.py

└── mysite

├── __init__.py

├── settings.py

├── urls.py

└── wsgi.py

1 directory, 5 files

说明：

__init__.py ：让 Python 该目录发包 (即组模块)所需文件 空文件般需要修改

manage.py ：种命令行工具允许种式与该 Django 项目进行交互 键入python manage.py help看能做 应需要编辑文件；目录纯便

settings.py ：该 Django 项目设置或配置

urls.py：Django项目URL路由设置目前空

wsgi.py：WSGI web 应用服务器配置文件更细节查看 How to deploy with WSGI

接修改 settings.py 文件例：修改 LANGUAGE_CODE、设置区 TIME_ZONE

SITE_ID = 1

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh_CN'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_TZ = True

面启 [Time zone]() 特性需要安装 pytz：

$ sudo pip install pytz

2. 运行项目

运行项目前我需要创建数据库表结构我使用默认数据库：

$ python manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:

Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessions

Running migrations:

Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK

Applying auth.0001_initial... OK

Applying admin.0001_initial... OK

Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

启服务：

$ python manage.py runserver

看面输：

Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

January 28, 2015 - 02:08:33

Django version 1.7.1, using settings 'mysite.settings'

Starting development server at

Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

端口8000启本服务器, 并且能台电脑连接访问 既服务器已经运行起现用网页浏览器访问 应该看令赏悦目淡蓝色 Django 欢迎页面始工作

指定启端口:

$ python manage.py runserver 8080

及指定 ip：

$ python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

3. 创建 app

前面创建项目并且功运行现创建 app app 相于项目模块

项目目录创建 app：

$ python manage.py startapp polls

*** 作功 mysite 文件夹看已经叫 polls 文件夹目录结构：

polls

├── __init__.py

├── admin.py

├── migrations

│ └── __init__.py

├── models.py

├── tests.py

└── views.py

1 directory, 6 files

4. 创建模型

每 Django Model 都继承自 django.db.models.Model

Model 每属性 attribute 都代表 database field

通 Django Model API 执行数据库增删改查, 需要写些数据库查询语句

打 polls 文件夹 models.py 文件创建两模型：

import datetime

from django.db import models

from django.utils import timezone

class Question(models.Model):

question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)

pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')

def was_published_recently(self):

return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)

class Choice(models.Model):

question = models.ForeignKey(Question)

choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)

votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)

mysite/settings.py 修改 INSTALLED_APPS 添加 polls：

INSTALLED_APPS = (

'django.contrib.admin',

'django.contrib.auth',

'django.contrib.contenttypes',

'django.contrib.sessions',

'django.contrib.messages',

'django.contrib.staticfiles',

'polls',

)

添加新 app 我需要运行面命令告诉 Django 模型做改变需要迁移数据库：

$ python manage.py makemigrations polls

看面输志：

Migrations for 'polls':

0001_initial.py:

- Create model Choice

- Create model Question

- Add field question to choice

polls/migrations/0001_initial.py 查看迁移语句

运行面语句查看迁移 sql 语句：

$ python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001

输结：

BEGIN

CREATE TABLE "polls_choice" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "choice_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "votes" integer NOT NULL)

CREATE TABLE "polls_question" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "question_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "pub_date" datetime NOT NULL)

CREATE TABLE "polls_choice__new" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "choice_text" varchar(200) NOT NULL, "votes" integer NOT NULL, "question_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "polls_question" ("id"))

INSERT INTO "polls_choice__new" ("choice_text", "votes", "id") SELECT "choice_text", "votes", "id" FROM "polls_choice"

DROP TABLE "polls_choice"

ALTER TABLE "polls_choice__new" RENAME TO "polls_choice"

CREATE INDEX polls_choice_7aa0f6ee ON "polls_choice" ("question_id")

COMMIT

运行面命令检查数据库否问题：

$ python manage.py check

再运行面命令创建新添加模型：

$ python manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:

Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, polls, auth, sessions

Running migrations:

Applying polls.0001_initial... OK

总结修改模型需要做几步骤：

修改 models.py 文件

运行 python manage.py makemigrations 创建迁移语句

运行 python manage.py migrate模型改变迁移数据库

阅读 django-admin.py documentation查看更 manage.py 用

创建模型我通 Django 提供 API 做测试运行面命令进入 python shell 交互模式：

$ python manage.py shell

面些测试：

>>>from polls.models import Question, Choice # Import the model classes we just wrote.

# No questions are in the system yet.

>>>Question.objects.all()

[]

# Create a new Question.

# Support for time zones is enabled in the default settings file, so

# Django expects a datetime with tzinfo for pub_date. Use timezone.now()

# instead of datetime.datetime.now() and it will do the right thing.

>>>from django.utils import timezone

>>>q = Question(question_text="What's new?", pub_date=timezone.now())

# Save the object into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.

>>>q.save()

# Now it has an ID. Note that this might say "1L" instead of "1", depending

# on which database you're using. That's no biggieit just means your

# database backend prefers to return integers as Python long integer

# objects.

>>>q.id

1

# Access model field values via Python attributes.

>>>q.question_text

"What's new?"

>>>q.pub_date

datetime.datetime(2012, 2, 26, 13, 0, 0, 775217, tzinfo=)

# Change values by changing the attributes, then calling save().

>>>q.question_text = "What's up?"

>>>q.save()

# objects.all() displays all the questions in the database.

>>>Question.objects.all()

[]

打印所 Question 输结 []我修改模型类使其输更易懂描述修改模型类：

from django.db import models

class Question(models.Model):

# ...

def __str__(self): # __unicode__ on Python 2

return self.question_text

class Choice(models.Model):

# ...

def __str__(self): # __unicode__ on Python 2

return self.choice_text

接继续测试：

>>>from polls.models import Question, Choice

# Make sure our __str__() addition worked.

>>>Question.objects.all()

[]

# Django provides a rich database lookup API that's entirely driven by

# keyword arguments.

>>>Question.objects.filter(id=1)

[]

>>>Question.objects.filter(question_text__startswith='What')

[]

# Get the question that was published this year.

>>>from django.utils import timezone

>>>current_year = timezone.now().year

>>>Question.objects.get(pub_date__year=current_year)

# Request an ID that doesn't exist, this will raise an exception.

>>>Question.objects.get(id=2)

Traceback (most recent call last):

...

DoesNotExist: Question matching query does not exist.

# Lookup by a primary key is the most common case, so Django provides a

# shortcut for primary-key exact lookups.

# The following is identical to Question.objects.get(id=1).

>>>Question.objects.get(pk=1)

# Make sure our custom method worked.

>>>q = Question.objects.get(pk=1)

# Give the Question a couple of Choices. The create call constructs a new

# Choice object, does the INSERT statement, adds the choice to the set

# of available choices and returns the new Choice object. Django creates

# a set to hold the "other side" of a ForeignKey relation

# (e.g. a question's choice) which can be accessed via the API.

>>>q = Question.objects.get(pk=1)

# Display any choices from the related object set -- none so far.

>>>q.choice_set.all()

[]

# Create three choices.

>>>q.choice_set.create(choice_text='Not much', votes=0)

>>>q.choice_set.create(choice_text='The sky', votes=0)

>>>c = q.choice_set.create(choice_text='Just hacking again', votes=0)

# Choice objects have API access to their related Question objects.

>>>c.question

# And vice versa: Question objects get access to Choice objects.

>>>q.choice_set.all()

[, , ]

>>>q.choice_set.count()

3

# The API automatically follows relationships as far as you need.

# Use double underscores to separate relationships.

# This works as many levels deep as you wantthere's no limit.

# Find all Choices for any question whose pub_date is in this year

# (reusing the 'current_year' variable we created above).

>>>Choice.objects.filter(question__pub_date__year=current_year)

[, , ]

# Let's delete one of the choices. Use delete() for that.

>>>c = q.choice_set.filter(choice_text__startswith='Just hacking')

>>>c.delete()

>>>

面部测试涉及 django orm 相关知识详细说明参考 DjangoORM

5. 管理 admin

Django优秀特性, 内置Django admin台管理界面, 便管理者进行添加删除网站内容.

新建项目系统已经我设置台管理功能见 mysite/settings.py：

INSTALLED_APPS = (

'django.contrib.admin', #默认添加台管理功能

'django.contrib.auth',

'django.contrib.contenttypes',

'django.contrib.sessions',

'django.contrib.messages',

'django.contrib.staticfiles',

'mysite',

)

同已经添加进入台管理 url, mysite/urls.py 查看：

url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), #使用设置url进入网站台

接我需要创建管理用户登录 admin 台管理界面：

$ python manage.py createsuperuser

Username (leave blank to use 'june'): admin

Email address:

Password:

Password (again):

Superuser created successfully.

总结

看项目目录结构：

mysite

├── db.sqlite3

├── manage.py

├── mysite

│ ├── __init__.py

│ ├── settings.py

│ ├── urls.py

│ ├── wsgi.py

├── polls

│ ├── __init__.py

│ ├── admin.py

│ ├── migrations

│ │ ├── 0001_initial.py

│ │ ├── __init__.py

│ ├── models.py

│ ├── templates

│ │ └── polls

│ │ ├── detail.html

│ │ ├── index.html

│ │ └── results.html

│ ├── tests.py

│ ├── urls.py

│ ├── views.py

└── templates

└── admin

└── base_site.htm

通面介绍 django 安装、运行及何创建视 图模型清晰认识接深入习 django 自化测试、持久化、间件、 际 化等知识

1.8或以上版本，按顺序使用

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

其他版本使用

python manage.py syncdb