目前大数据正处在落地应用的初期,大数据分析是大数据价值化的重要方式,对于广大传统行业来说,大数据分析目前主要以场景大数据分析为主,通过场景大数据分析呈现出一些数据背后的规律,从而为决策提供帮助。
随着大数据应用的逐渐普及,未来场景大数据分析将得到更大范围的普及和应用。
场景大数据分析往往需要具有专业的行业背景知识,由于不同行业有较大的区别,所以在分析方法和呈现形式上也有较大的区别,比如金融大数据分析、教育大数据分析和交通大数据分析就有明显的区别。
传统行业虽然手里有大量的数据,但是往往并不具备专业的数据分析能力,这个时候就需要借助专业的数据分析公司(资讯公司)来提供数据分析服务,这也是目前大数据产业一个比较常见的合作模式。
相对于传统行业来说,互联网公司在大数据分析方面则有明显的优势,一方面互联网公司手里有大量的数据,另一方面互联网公司又具备专业的数据分析能力,所以在数据分析领域,互联网公司是目前的先行者。
但是,互联网公司手里往往并没有丰富的行业数据,所以在产业互联网发展的过程中必须有行业的广泛参与,只要行业的参与才能积累行业大数据,从而为行业的发展提供帮助。
因此,对于广大的传统行业来说,要想从大数据分析中寻找到新的商机,首先要从采集数据开始,行业数据的采集一方面要注重数据的维度(维度往往决定了价值),另一方面也要注重数据的全流程采集。
其次,数据分析既要有数据分析专家的参与,更要有行业专家的参与,能够通过数据分析的结果发现行业的发展“瓶颈”或者“痛点”,从而设计出新的商业模式或产品。
随着产业互联网的发展,数据分析将在未来的商业领域发挥出越来越重要的作用,对于当今的职场人来说,掌握一定的数据分析能力是比较重要的。
我从事互联网行业多年,目前也在带计算机专业的研究生,主要的研究方向集中在大数据和人工智能领域,我会陆续写一些关于互联网技术方面的文章,感兴趣的朋友可以关注我,相信一定会有所收获。
如果有互联网方面的问题,也可以咨询我,谢谢!
通过对小微企业的观察,山东思脉特奇企业管理咨询有限公司(SMCTS)发现:除了销售额、订单量、客户数量和利润等一些基本数据外,小微商家很少关注财务分析。
如果他们能定期对一些财务数据、比率进行分析,预期经营状况能得到有效地改善。
By observing the small and micro enterprises, SMCTS finds that most small-scale businesses pay little attention on financial analysis besides sales, inventory order, number of customers, and profit among other basic data. If businesses could periodically conduct financial data analysis, their performance would be better off. 有三类常用的财务比率企业可以用来实时监控业务的流动性、运作效率和利润率: There are three categories of financial ratios that enterprises can use to monitor the liquidity, operating efficiency and profitability of a business entity: 1. 一类比率是评估生意流动性或者短期偿债能力。
常用的一个比率是流动比率,它将流动资产除以流动负债,如果这个比率大于1,说明商家的运营资金的流动性正常或者说短期出现资金链断裂的可能性较小。
One group of ratios assesses liquidity or short-term solvency. A commonly used ratio is current ratio that divides current asset by current liability, if the ratio is greater than 1, it indicates cash flow is normal or the probability of cash shortage is relatively low. 2. 另一类比率涉及商家的资产管理或者周转效率。
常用的有三个比率是: 销售额除以应收账款额,产品进货成本除以存货量,和产品进货成本除以应付账款额。
它们给商家的提示是,尽量降低前两个比率,提升第三个比率,这样能提高资产的周转率。
具体来讲,在一个月、一个季度或者一年的时间里,在保证财务报告质量的前提下,企业应尽量压低存货量,降低应收账款量和提升应付账款量。
这就要求企业做到以三点准备: Another group of ratios relates to the efficiency of asset management or turnover. Three commonly used ratios are sales divided by accounts receivable, cost of goods sold divided by inventory, and cost of goods sold divided by accounts payable. Businesses are expected to lower the former two ratios and raise the third ratio, so as to enhance asset turnover. Specifically, within a month, quarter or year, on premise that the quality of financial reports is assured, enterprises should try to lower the inventory level, reduce the level of accounts receivable and increase accounts payable. To do so, they are expected to take the following tactics: > 鼓励客户在网上购买商品或者服务时,当时付款或者7天之内到账。
Encourage customers to pay for goods or services online on the day of transaction or within 7 days of the transaction. > 计算出一段时间内的优化存货量,这可以根据理论公式例如 EOQ 并结合经营经验来决定。
Calculate periodic, optimal inventory level by using theorical models, such as EOQ, supplemented by actual operating experience. > 在商业合约条款允许的情况下,尽量推迟支付供应商货款。
Under the allowable terms and conditions of business agreements, firms should try to delay the payment to their suppliers. 要想实现以上三方面的策略,企业还要在经营上下一番功夫:提升运营效率和流动性,降低由于资金周转带来的风险,从而更好的把握产品多样化的机会。
To implement the above-mentioned three tactics, enterprises are expected to take actions to improve business performance through higher operating efficiency and liquidity, lower cash shortage risk while seizing the opportunity of product diversification. 3. 第三类比率是指示利润率的,例如:运作利润率和净利润率。
前者是运作收益与销售额的比率,后者是在前者的基础上扣除债务利息和营业税之后再与销售额的比率。
如果是大型企业或者上市公司,所有者权益回报率、总资产回报率和市盈率常用作利润率的指标 — 这是从投资者的角度看企业的盈利能力。
The third group of ratios reveals business profitability, such as operating profit margin and net profit margin. The former equals operating income divided by sales while the latter is operating income excluding interest expense and corporate income tax, divided by sales. In the case of large enterprises or listed firms, ROE, ROA and P/E are often used to unveil profitability, from the perspective of investors. 企业自身的财务数据和比率会随时间而变化,它们也可与同行业的企业进行比较。
如果能制作一个简单的Excel模型和曲线图,自身在市场上所处的位置就更一目了然了。
SMCTS 认为根据不同规模、性质和行业,其它主要财务比率类型还包括:长期偿债率(或者财务杠杆率)、收入和利润的增长率。
此外,财务数据还可结合客户、产品和地域进行分割,找到自身的优势和市场的劣势,进而挖掘在产品、服务、区域和或客户群体方面的增长机会。
Financial data and ratios vary over time, which compare with those of industry peers. If firms could develop a simple Excel model and corresponding charts, their positions in the market become more noticeable. SMCTS believes that based on the different scale, nature and industry of enterprises, the other major categories of financial ratios include long-term solvency or financial leverage, the growth rate of sales and profits. Moreover, financial data can be segmented by customers, products and regions, based on which you may identify own strengths and market weaknesses, so as to untap growth opportunities from the perspective of products, service, regions and or customers. 掌握了这些财务规律和趋势,企业便能更全面和更有目标地制定和实施运营策略,以缔造自己在市场中的竞争优势。
By grasping these financial patterns and trends, enterprises can formulate robust and specific business and operating strategies, in order to build their competitive advantages in the market they operate. 更多实用新型短文,请关注头条号【SMCTS战略管理和技术】和 在线培训课程:http://study.163.com/instructor/1136781035.htm For more information, please vist SMCTS company Web page: https://sicmc.wordpress.com, and its online training platform: http://study.163.com/instructor/1136781035.htm
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