to可以用作介词,也可以用作结构助词。
作介词用的时候,后面跟名词或动名词,比如:
Give the book to Tom.
I am looking forward to seeing you.
什么时候用to,介词的用法都是固定搭配的,与其记住很容易混淆的多种含义,不如直接背固定词组。
用作结构助词的时候,是做不定式,也就是to do形式,后面必须跟动词原形。也可以理解为一种固定搭配,比如want to do , be going to do。最好也是记住固定词组。
具体用法说明:
1、向;至;往:
She's going to London. 她要去伦敦。
Turn to the left. 向左转。
Pisa is to the west of Florence. 比萨在佛罗伦萨的西面。
He has gone to school. 他上学去了。
2、(用于表示一系列事物或一段时间的尽头或限度) 直到:from Monday to Friday从星期一到星期五 from beginning to end 从开始到结束。
3、用于表示接受者:
Give that to me. 把那个给我。
I am very grateful to my parents. 我很感激我的父母。
What have you done to your hair? 你把头发怎么搞的?
Sorry I didn't realize you were talking to me. 对不起,我不知道你是在跟我说话。
4、接触到;针对:
He put his hands to his ears. 他将两手捂住耳朵。
They sat back to back. 他们背对背坐着。
She made no reference to her personal problems. 他没有提及自己的个人问题。
5、达到某种状态:
The meat was cooked to perfection. 这肉煮得恰到好处。
His speech reduced her to tears(=make her cry). 他的话令她流泪。
6、(用于引出比较中的另一部分):
I prefer theatre to opera. 我喜欢戏剧,甚于歌剧。
7、(用于表示数量每…等于:
How many dollars are there to the euro? 多少美元等于一欧元?
8、(用于表示时间)在…之前:
It's ten to three.(=ten minutes before three o'clock). 现在是三点差十分。
9、(用于表达对某物的看法或感受):
To me,it was the wrong decision. 我认为那是错误的决定。
It sounded liked a good idea to me. 我觉得这听起来是个好主意。
I don't think our friendship means anything to him. 我认为我们的友谊对他说毫不重要。
10、(用于表达某人对某事的反应或态度):
To my surprise,I saw two strangers coming out of my house. 我看见两个陌生人从我家里走出来,吃了一惊。
His paintings aren't really to my taste. 他的画真的不符合我的口味。
11、(与动词连用,构成不定式。):
I want to go home now. 我现在想回家。
Don't forget to write. 别忘记写信来。
I didin't know what to do. 我当时不知道该怎么办。
12、(指门)关上
Push the door to. 把门推一推关上。
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