China Integrated Circuit
主办: 中国半导体行业协会
周期: 月刊
出版地:北京市
语种: 中文
开本: 大16开
ISSN: 1681-5289
CN: 11-5209/TN
历史沿革:
现用刊名:中国集成电路
曾用刊名:集成电路设计
创刊时间:1994
不是核心期刊,只是普刊
In addition to improvements in chip performance, the shell packaging technology is also a great breakthrough, IR inversion in the development of field-effect transistor, also known as "FlipFET" on the basis of this year introduced the DirectFET, as shown in Figure 6. Its source and gate inversion result can be directly welded in the printed circuit board, the drain at the top of the weld metal in its shell, if necessary, by the radiator or direct contact with the equipment enclosure. DirectFET size equivalent to the traditional SO-8 plastic (plastic with an area of about 4x5 mm2) shell. In such a small device, the first structure of a double-sided cooling. It is a lead frame, no-lead solder joints of the device, it brought about a series of advantages: it's non-resistor chip package (DFPR) is only 0. 1mW, device thickness of only 0. 7mm, resistance and parasitic inductance have dropped significantly. Such characteristics make it especially suitable for the above-mentioned computer of the latest generation of CPU. In the multi-phase circuits, each with only two of 30 security DirectFET can transfer current. Increase its current rate of 400 per delicate security, the working frequency of 1-2 MHz.Secondly, you must be focused on power semiconductor devices in the IC direction: as a result of the development of MOSFET and IGBT, and their matching to provide a trigger signal power integrated circuit PIC (Power IC) have also developed rapidly. At that time, also known as MOS gate drive MGD (MOS Gate Driver) or control integrated circuit CIC (Control IC). With the expansion of the scope of application: such as motor drives, lighting, various power supply and so on, CIC of the cultivars have been rapidly increasing. These CIC in the development process
And gradually from a simple function to trigger the special needs of a wide range of applications development. PIC is the earliest that can be used in high voltage IC, therefore, also known as high-voltage IC (HVIC). However, many applications such as communications, computers, portable power supply and so on, they do not require high voltage, but demand for the special needs of the development of application specific integrated circuit. Because of their combination and application of power semiconductor devices, we have the power to include them in a class of semiconductor devices. So now the power semiconductor devices in the family, there are many integrated circuits. Many of these power devices with integrated circuits inside, some outside while the separation of power devices. Judging from this point, the limits of power and microelectronics has become increasingly blurred. If a large number of computer applications in power modulation device voltage LDO (Low Drop Out) is one example. It does not belong to switch applications.
As a result of a large number of integrated circuits into the power semiconductor devices, which consider the power semiconductor integrated circuits and devices to do the same in the chip or device on the development of the natural line of thought. Done in the same chip, the original is the concept of power integrated circuits, but their power often relatively small. Done in the same package, easy to increase power capacity, a number of passive components is also possible to join, here often called multi-chip module (MCM).
IR last year iPOWIR developed is a typical multi-chip module. It will power devices to control the use of integrated circuits, or in combination with pulse-width modulation (PWM) integrated circuit, according to the needs of power supply design, using BGA packaging technology portfolio in the same device (as shown in Figure 7) . Multi-chip device that greatly simplifies the power supply design staff. Components reduces the number and percentage of the area, there has been a lot of performance improvement. iPOWIR development is considered DC-DC conversion of the future. But, in fact, a wide range of applications in other fields, as long as the requirements of further integration, MCM structure and will there will be more and more. Therefore, it is the power semiconductor devices important direction of development.
In the above presentation, the development of MOSFET has been referred to as 4C industry provides an important foundation. 4C industries which, at present it is the most active direction of the product. We can understand: in the communications, computer, consumer electronics and automotive development, will require many, many close contacts and IC of all types of power semiconductor devices. Each of these aspects can be used to introduce a lot of space. Not detailed here.
Add: Conclusion
To sum up, the power semiconductor devices the past few years, constantly changed a lot. So can no longer look at a fixed vision of the development of power semiconductor devices. For example, not simply thyristor power semiconductor devices and an equal sign painting, or drawing an equal sign and discrete devices. Must not power semiconductor devices and microelectronics artificially separated, it seems only semiconductor microelectronics. These will impede the development of power semiconductor devices, in the long run will hinder the development of microelectronic devices. Development strategy in order to avoid the power semiconductor devices as a simple process only to be completed on the low-tech products. And the preferential policies available only to integrated circuit industry. China has not been very good to the development of modern power semiconductor devices, the lack of modern power semiconductor devices is a comprehensive understanding of the factors I am afraid. Information technology to stimulate industrialization in the wave, it is imperative that different semiconductor devices have a balanced development.
Conclusion
To sum up, the power semiconductor devices the past few years, constantly changed a lot. So can no longer look at a fixed vision of the development of power semiconductor devices. For example, not simply thyristor power semiconductor devices and an equal sign painting, or drawing an equal sign and discrete devices. Must not power semiconductor devices and microelectronics artificially separated, it seems only semiconductor microelectronics. These will impede the development of power semiconductor devices, in the long run will hinder the development of microelectronic devices. Development strategy in order to avoid the power semiconductor devices as a simple process only to be completed on the low-tech products. And the preferential policies available only to integrated circuit industry. China has not been very good to the development of modern power semiconductor devices, the lack of modern power semiconductor devices is a comprehensive understanding of the factors I am afraid. Information technology to stimulate industrialization in the wave, it is imperative that different semiconductor devices have a balanced development.
按助听传导方式分类:\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a按照助听传导的方式划分,助听设备可以分气导助听器、骨导助听器和触觉助听器。\x0d\x0a1、气导助听器就是目前一般使用的、通过空气传导,把声音传至内耳的各类助听器。\x0d\x0a2、骨导助听器是通过骨质(乳突、牙齿、听骨等)的传导把声音传至内耳的助听器。骨导助听器主要用于严重的传导性听力障碍者,以及外耳道发炎、化脓性中耳炎活动期、双耳外耳闭锁、畸形不能使用气导助听器的耳聋者。此种助听器可用眼镜式,发卡式或植入的方式,让受话器贴紧乳突或听骨。一般来说,骨导助听器使用范围不广。\x0d\x0a3、触觉助听器,又叫振动式助听器,与盒式助听器差不多。它用一个振动器代替耳机,使用时将振动器像手表一样戴在手腕上,通过触觉对振动变化的感知来了解声音。此种助听器用于特别严重的耳聋者。由于振动器需要较强的功率放大,加之通过触觉感知语言信号效果不佳,一般没有推广使用。\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a按其技术原理分类\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a从技术原理上对助听器进行了分类分为:电学助听器、电子管助听器、半导体助听器、集成电路和编程式助听器。\x0d\x0a如果以助听器采用数字电子技术的程度来进行分类,那么在集成电路助听器之前的助听器,都采用模拟电子元件,从编程式助听器开始,数字电子芯片进入助听器,控制其他模拟元器件的工作,称为数模混合电路。\x0d\x0a人们在用各种设备测量出助听器的静态频响之后,更加关注它的动态特性,因为日常人们所接触的声音,是强度和频率都在动态变化着的信号,按其动态频响特性来区分,助听器又可分为两类:\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a(1)FFR(fixedfrequencyresponse,固定频响)助听器。目前市场上的大多数助听器均为此类助听器,其频响特性在产品出厂时就已经确定了,助听器上的音调旋钮仅能在一定程度上改变其频响特性。选配人员在设定好助听器的种类参数之后,使用者无论置身于何种环境中,助听器的频率响应都是固定不变的。\x0d\x0a(2)LDFR(leveldependentfrequencyresponse)助听器。采用K-Amp电路的助听器是典型的TILL型,而大多数可编程式助听器中的宽动态范围压缩电路则是更准确意义上的LDFR型。\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a数字式助听器:对恢复听力要求较高的患者,可选用数字式助听器,该助听器特点如下:\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a(1)进一步增加了压缩特性控制的灵活性,调整了助听器压缩的拐点与压缩比;\x0d\x0a(2)能自动处理助听器增益和频率响应,可以根据听障者听力损失特点做到分通道来设置不同频段的增益与压缩特性。\x0d\x0a(3)可以对来自不同方向声音的增益进行非线性自动控制,达到噪声最小;\x0d\x0a(4)通过数字声反馈控制可有效地增加增益;\x0d\x0a(5)相对于模拟助听器对声音同样的处理,减少了电池的耗能;\x0d\x0a(6)数字双麦克风自动校正功能对来自不同方向声音增益的智能控制;\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a(7)数字助听器的低电压提示功能使更换电池更为方便,抗电磁干扰功能使拨打手机更清晰。\x0d\x0a可编程助听器:可编程助听器是1988年由百来福公司按照电脑可编程的手段进行助听器参数调整的,它具有可调式助听器所不具备的多种优点:\x0d\x0a(1)多通道处理数字芯片可把频率范围划分成多个通道分别确定其增益、压缩阈值和压缩比率,且通道的范围可进行自由的分割,这对于非平坦型听力损失的患者尤为适用。\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a(2)更为精细的调节数字芯片可以控制的助听器参数可多达十几种。一台可编程助听器可适配于不同程度、不同听力曲线类型的听障者。\x0d\x0a(3)压缩比率可调传统的压缩放大助听器,在出厂时即已确定了固定的压缩比率,这并不一定吻合每一个听障者具体的响度增长情况。数字芯片使得压缩比率变得可调。\x0d\x0a(4)多套程序的选择这些设置可确保在多种声学参数环境下的使用。当助听器使用者置身于安静的办公室和嘈杂的市场时,编几个特定的程序和一个可以随时切换的开关,就可以自由地择最佳聆听的效果。\x0d\x0a(5)广泛的适用性可编程助听器广泛适合于各种听力损失曲线类型和不同的性质,如平坦型、斜坡型,传导性、感音神经性或混合性耳聋。欢迎分享,转载请注明来源:内存溢出
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