国内生产制造半导体工艺的厂家有哪些？

有很多，例如：TSMC台积电，联电（台湾），中芯国际，宏力，华虹NEC，先进半导体ASMC等等。

半导体（ semiconductor），指常温下导电性能介于导体（conductor）与绝缘体（insulator）之间的材料。半导体在收音机、电视机以及测温上有着广泛的应用。如二极管就是采用半导体制作的器件。半导体是指一种导电性可受控制，范围可从绝缘体至导体之间的材料。无论从科技或是经济发展的角度来看，半导体的重要性都是非常巨大的。今日大部分的电子产品，如计算机、移动电话或是数字录音机当中的核心单元都和半导体有着极为密切的关连。常见的半导体材料有硅、锗、砷化镓等，而硅更是各种半导体材料中，在商业应用上最具有影响力的一种。

半导体材料很多，按化学成分可分为元素半导体和化合物半导体两大类。锗和硅是最常用的元素半导体；化合物半导体包括第Ⅲ和第Ⅴ族化合物（砷化镓、磷化镓等）、第Ⅱ和第Ⅵ族化合物（ 硫化镉、硫化锌等）、氧化物（锰、铬、铁、铜的氧化物）,以及由Ⅲ-Ⅴ族化合物和Ⅱ-Ⅵ族化合物组成的固溶体（镓铝砷、镓砷磷等）。除上述晶态半导体外，还有非晶态的玻璃半导体、有机半导体等。

半导体的分类，按照其制造技术可以分为：集成电路器件，分立器件、光电半导体、逻辑IC、模拟IC、储存器等大类，一般来说这些还会被分成小类。此外还有以应用领域、设计方法等进行分类，虽然不常用，但还是按照IC、LSI、VLSI（超大LSI）及其规模进行分类的方法。此外，还有按照其所处理的信号，可以分成模拟、数字、模拟数字混成及功能进行分类的方法。

但功率配置太大，但不能像功率配置提示电量那样大。动力配置太小，蒸汽锅炉一直在努力达到设定的温度，但并不总是能达到设定的温度。这是因为蒸汽锅炉向房间内填充的热量小于房间内的热量损失，房间供暖速度慢且不明显，不仅浪费电能，而且不能起到舒适的供暖效果。在没有人的情况下在低温下奔跑。蒸汽锅炉系统是热惰性的。不能在打开时立即加热，或在关闭时立即冷却。当一个人不在家的时候，把温度调低而不是关闭系统，或者当你长时间不在家的时候关掉蒸汽锅炉。合理利用峰谷电。夜间使用谷电，温度稍有调整，甚至可以使用蓄热罐，白天达到峰值功率时，温度就会降低。这所房子应该做好隔热措施。良好的隔热可以防止过热损失，门窗不能有明显的缝隙。

窗户加双层中央控制玻璃，墙面要做好保温，节能效果会非常显著。那么我们怎样才能节约电力消耗呢？你的室内身高。燃气锅炉点火系统的功能在于点燃空气与燃料的混合物，其主要部件有：点火变压器、点火电极、电火高压电缆。较为安全的一种点火系统称为电子脉冲点火器，被卓益节能等燃气锅炉厂家所广泛使用。其方便省时，只需用手指按动就可以。并且安全性高，不会出现因意外熄火出现的，一旦出现熄火的状态，控制系统能及时关闭电磁阀，关断燃气通路。燃气蒸汽锅炉采用燃烧机下置方式，两回程结构，燃料燃烧充分，锅炉运行稳定而且占用空间少，同时烟管内插有扰流片，减缓排烟速度，增加换热量，锅炉热效率高，降低用户使用费用2.室内采暖温度水平。锅炉连排和定排，这是锅炉排污方面的专业想要通过铭牌来确定是常压锅炉还是承压锅炉，只需要看一下锅炉铭牌上是否标准了额定蒸汽压力，如果标准了的话，是为承压锅炉。此外，一般来讲，蒸汽锅炉大多数是为压力锅炉，热水锅炉大多数是为常压锅炉。

国外半导体元器件生产厂家名称

http://www.ic-assess.net/facturer/facname/mcaps.html

抄录部分如下：

A V G Semiconductor

AAK Corp

ABB Drives

ABB Hafo A B

ABB Semiconductor

ABB Semiconductors Ag

Aborn Electronics

AC Interface Inc

Acculin Inc

Accutek Microcircuit Corp

Acer Laboratories Inc

Acopian

Acrian Inc

Actel Corp

Action Tungsram Inc

Acumos Inc

Adams-Russell Electronics

Adaptec Inc

Adaptive Logic Inc

Advanced Detector Corp

Advanced Electronic Packaging

Advanced Hardware Architectures Inc

Advanced Linear Devices Inc

Advanced Memory Systems Inc

Advanced Micro Systems Inc

Advanced Microelectronic Products Inc

Advanced Milliwave Laboratories Inc

Advanced Optoelectronics (Applied Solar)

Advanced Power Technology

Advanced Research Associates

Advanced Semiconductor Inc

Advanced Technology Corp

Aeroflex Laboratories Inc

Aeroflex Laboratories, Comstron Div

Agilent Technologies

Airpax Corp, Frederick Division

Alan Industries Inc

Alden Scientific Inc

Aleph International Corp

Allegro Microsystems Inc

Allen Avionics Inc

Allen Bradley Co

Alliance Semiconductor

Allied Electronic &Semiconductor Technology Inc

Allied Electronics Gmbh

Allied Signal Aerospace Company

Alpha Industries Inc, Components and Subsystems Div

Alpha Industries Inc, Semiconductor Div

Alpha Products Inc

Alpha Semiconductor

Altair Corp

Altera Corp

Amax Applied Technology Inc

AMD Inc

American Electronic Laboratories

American Microsemiconductor Inc

American Microsystems

American Power Devices Inc

American Semiconductor Corp

Amex Electronics Inc

AMF Inc

Amperex Electronic Corp

Ampex Data Systems Group

Amplifonix Inc

Amptek Inc

Anadigics Inc

Anaheim Automation

Analog Devices Inc

Analog Solutions

Analog Systems

Analogic Corp

Analytic Instruments Corp

AND

Anders Electronics

Andersen Laboratories Inc

Anodeon Semiconductor Div

Ansaldo S P A - Div Electronica

Antel Optronics Inc

Apex Microtechnology Corp

API Electronics Inc

Appian Technology Inc

Applied Micro Circuits Corp

Aptek Williams Inc

Aptos Semiconductor

Argo Transdata Corp

Aristo-Craft/ L M P Inc

Aromat Corp

Array Microsystems Inc

Artesyn Technologies

Arts Island Products Co LTD

Asahi Kasei Microsystems Co LTD

ASEA Brown Boveri A G

Ashley-Butler Inc

Asiliant Technologies

Askjeselskapet Mikro-Electronik

Associated Electronics Industries

Astec America Inc

Astec Standard Power

Atmel Corp

Aucera Technology Corp

Auctor Corp

Augat Inc

Aurora Semiconductor

Austek Microsystems

Austin Semiconductor Inc

Austria Mikro System Intl

Automatic Coil

Avantek Inc

Avasem

Avens Signal Equipment Corp

Avnet Inc

AVX Corp

AVX Corporation

Aydin Corp

B I Technologies Corp

Babcock Display Products Group

Barnes Engineering Co

Base Two (2) Systems

Basic Electronics Inc

Bedford Opto Technology LTD

Bel Hybrids &Magnetics Inc

Bel Fuse Inc

Benchmarq Microelectronics Inc

Bendix Semicon Products

Bharat Electronics LTD

Big-Sun Electronics Co LTD

Bipolar Integrated Technology Inc

BKC Semiconductors Inc

Black &Decker Corp

Boeing Electronics Co

Bogue Electric Manufacturing Co

Boston Technical Inc

Bourns Inc

Bowmar Inc

Bradley Semiconductor Sorp

Bright Led Electronics Corp

British Thomson-Houston Export Co Ltd

Brooktree

Brown Boveri &Aktiengesellschaft

Bull Micral Of America Inc

Burns &Towne Inc

Burr-Brown Corp

Burroughs Corp

C T S Reeves

C&D Technologies

C-Cube Microsystems

Caddock Electronics Inc

Cal Crystal Labs Inc

Calex Manufacturing Co Inc

California Devices Inc

California Eastern Laboratories Inc

California Micro Devices Corp

Calmos Systems Inc

Calogic Corp

Canadian General Electric Co Ltd

Cantec Electronic Co Ltd

Capar Components Corp

Capar

Capital Equipment Corp

Cardon Corp

Carlo Gavazzi Inc

Carter Semiconductor Inc

Carter Transistor Corp

Catalyst Research Corp

Catalyst Semiconductor Inc

CBS Electronics

Celduc

Celeritek

Central Semiconductor Corp

Centralab Semiconductor (Globe Union)

Centronic Inc, E-O Div

Centronic Ltd

Cermetek Microelectronics Inc

CGEE Alsthom Service SCP

Champion Technologies Inc

Cherry Corp

Cherry Semiconductor Corp

Chicago Miniature Lamp Inc

China Semiconductor Corp

Chip Supply, Micro Devices

Chrontel

Circuit Technology Inc

Cirrus Logic Inc

Citizen Electronics Co LTD

Clairex Technologies Inc

Clare (C P) Division

Clare (C P), Solid State Products

Clear Logic

Coco Research Inc

CODI Semiconductor Inc

Coherent Component Corp

Collins Electronics Corp

Collmer Semiconductor Inc

Comlinear Corporation

Commodore Semiconductor

Communications &Power Industries

Compagnia Italiana Westinghouse

Compagnia Semiconductori Italia SPA

Compagnie Des Dispositifs Semiconductor, Westinghouse

Compagnie General D'Electricita

Compensated Devices Inc

Components Inc

Computer Conversions Corp

Computer Management &Development Service

Comset Semiconductors, SPRL

Comstron Corp

Concurrent Logic

Conditioning Semiconductor Devices Corp

Conexant Systems Inc

Connor-Winfield Corp

Consumer Microcircuits Ltd

Continental Device India Ltd

Control Sciences Inc

Cooper Laser Sonics

Coors Components Inc

Cornes &Company Ltd

Corporation Soneet

Cougar Components

CP Technology Inc

Creation Technologies Inc

Cree Research Inc

Crimson Semiconductor Inc

Crosspoint Solutions Inc

Crouzet Corp

Crydom Co

Crystal Semiconductor Corp

Crystaloid Electronics Co

Crystek Corp

CSR Industries Inc

CTS Corp

CTS Electronics, Knights Div

Curtis Electromusic Specialties Inc

Custom Array Corp

Custom Components Inc

Custom Micro Systems Inc

Cybernetic Micro Systems

Cypress Semiconductor Corp

Cyrix Corp

D C P Research Corp

Dai Nippon Printing Co

Daico Industries Inc

Dale Electronics Inc

Dale Electronics

Dallas Semiconductor Corp

Dalsa Inc

Danaher Corp

Danari International

DAQ Electronics Inc

Data Delay Devices Inc

Data Display Products

Data General Corp

Data Technology Corp

Data Translation Inc

Datalinear

Datalogic Inc

Datalogic Optic Electronics Inc

Datatronics

Datel Inc

Dawn Electronics Inc

Defense Supply Center Columbus (Mil Specs)

Defense Supply Center Columbus (SMD's)

Deico Electronics Inc

Delco Electronics

Delsa Toshiba S A

Delta Electronic Ind Co LTD

Delta Products Corp

Dense-pac Microsystems Inc

Densitron Corp

Denyo Europa Gmbh

Devar Inc

Dexter Research Center Inc

Dialight Corp

Dickson Electronics Corp

Digital Components Corp

Digital Equipment Corp

Digital RF Solutions Corp

Digitron Electronic Corp

Dino Olivetti SPA

Diodes Inc

Dionics Inc

Diotec Electronics Corp

Diotec Elektronische Bauelemente GMBH

Directed Energy Inc

Discon Industries Inc

Display Engineering Services

Displays Inc

Don's Enterprise Co Ltd

Douglas Randall Inc

Dr Ing Rudolph ROST

DSP Group Inc

Dymec Inc

DynaChip Corp

E-SAN Electronic Co Ltd

Eagle-Picher Technologies LLC

Eastron Corp

Eaton Corp, Microwave Products Div

Ebauches S A

Echanges Techniques Internationaux

ECI Semiconductor

ECS Inc International

Ectiva

Edal Industries Inc

EDO Corp

Edsun Laboratories Inc

EE Tech Inc

EG&G Inc, Photon Devices Div

EG&G Inc, Washington Analytical Services Center Inc

EG&G Judson

EG&G Optoelectronics Canada

EG&G Reticon

EG&G Vactec

EIC Semiconductor Inc

Elantec Inc

Elcoma

Eldec Corp

Elec-Trol Inc

Electech Electronics

Electro Corp

Electro-Films Inc, Semi-Films Div

Electro-Films Inc

Electro-optical Systems Inc

Electron Research Inc

Electron Tubes Inc

Electronic Arrays Inc

Electronic Designs Inc

Electronic Devices Inc

Electronic Research Co

Electronic Technology Corp

Electronic Transistors Corp

Electronica Nacional Braileria

Elite Microelectronics

Elite Semiconductor

Elmec Corp Of America

Elmo Semiconductor Corp, Elpaq Division

Elmo Semiconductor Corp

Elpac Power Systems

Eltec Instruments Inc

EM Microelectronics

Emerson Electric Co

Emihus Microcomponents

Energy Electronic Products Corp

Engineered Components Co

English Electric Valve Co Ltd

Enhanced Memory Systems Inc

Envir Communications Inc

Epitaxx Inc

Epitek International Inc

Ercona Corp

Ericsson Components AB

Ericsson Components Inc

ESC Electronics Corp

Espey Mfg &Electronics Corp

ESS Technology Inc

ETEQ Microsystems Inc

Eupec

Eurodia G E S M B H Components

Eurosil Electronics Ltd

Eurotechnique

Everlight Electronics Co Ltd

Exar Corp

Excel Technology International Corp

Exel Microelectronics

Exxon Enterprises Inc

Facon

Fagor Electronic Components Inc

Fairchild Semiconductor Corp

Fallon Industries

Fanon Transistor Corp

Faraday Electronics Inc

FCP Inc

FDK Corp

FEI Microwave Inc

FEM A Electronics Corp

Fema Electronics Corp

Fenwal Electronics

Ferranti Electric Inc

Ferranti Industrial Electronics LTD

Ferrotran Electronics Co

Film Microelectronics Inc

Fine Products Microelectronics Corp

Finlux Inc

First Components

Fischer &Porter Co

FMC Corp

Ford Aerospace &Communications Corp

Fox Electronics

Foxboro I C T Inc

Foxboro I C T

FR Electronics

Franel Corp

French Thomson-Houston Semiconductor

Frequency Devices Inc

Frequency Sources

Frontier Electronics Co LTD

Fuji Electric Co Ltd

Fuji Electric Co

Fujikura America Inc

Fujitsu Kiden Ltd

Fujitsu Ltd

Fujitsu Microelectronics Inc

Fullywell Semiconductor Co Ltd

Futaba Electric Co Ltd

Future Domain Corp

G H Z Technology Inc

G-TWO Inc

Galil Motion Control Inc

Galileo Corp

Galileo Technology

Gazelle Microcircuits Inc

Gch-Sun Systems Co Ltd

GD Rectifiers Ltd

GEC Marconi Materials Technologies Ltd

GEC Plessey Semiconductors

GEC Semiconductors Ltd

Gem Asia Enterprise Co Ltd

General Diode Corp

General Electric Co, Custom Integrated Circuits

General Electric Co, Electro Optics

General Electric Solid State

General Instrument Optoelectronics

General Magnetics Inc

General Micro-Electronics Inc

General Microcircuits Corp

General Semiconductor Inc

General Semiconductor Industries Inc

General Sensors Inc

General Transistor Corp

Genisco Electronics

Gennum Corp

Gentron Corp

Gespac Inc

Giddings &Lewis Advanced Circuitry Systems

Giga

Gigabit Logic Inc

Gilway Technical Lamp

Glorious Sources Co Ltd

Glow-Lite Corp

GMT Microelectronics Corp

Goldentech Discrete Semiconductor Inc

Gould Inc, Microwave Products

GPD Optoelectronic Devices

Graseby Infrared

Grayhill Inc

Great American Electronics

Great Eastern Mfg Co

Greenray Industries Inc

Greenwich Instruments Ltd

GS Technology

GSI Technology

GTE Microcircuits

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