急需与钳工相关的英文词汇。。谢谢

abrasive grinding 强力磨削

abrasive 磨料的,研磨的

absence 不在，缺席

accesssory 附件

accommodate 适应

accordingly 因此,从而,相应地

accuracy 精度,准确性

actuate 开动(机器),驱动

adequate 足够的

adhesive 粘合剂

adjacent 邻近的

adopt 采用

advance 进步

advisable 可取的

agitate 摇动

a large extent 很大程度

algorithm 算法

align 定位，调准

alignment 校直

all-too-frequent 频繁

allowance 容差,余量

alternate 交替,轮流

alternatively 做为选择,也许

aluminiun 铝

ample 充足的

analysis 分析

ancillary 补助的,副的

angular 有角的

annealing 退火

aperture 孔

applied loads 作用力

appropriate 适当的

arc 弧,弓形

arise 出现,发生

arrange 安排

article 制品,产品

ascertain 确定,查明

assemble 组装

attitude 态度

auxiliary 辅助的

avoid 避免

axis 轴

axle 轮轴,车轴

alternative 替换物

backup 备份

batch 一批

bearing 轴承,支座

bed 床身

behavior 性能

bench-work 钳工工作

bend 弯曲

beneath 在•••下

bin 仓，料架

blank 坯料

blank 冲裁,落料

blanking 落料模

blast 一阵（风）

blemish 缺点,污点

bolster 模座,垫板

boring 镗削,镗孔

bracket 支架

brass 黄铜

break down 破坏

breakage 破坏

brine 盐水

brittle 易碎的

buffer 缓冲器

built-in 内装的

bulging 凸肚

burr 毛刺

bush 衬套

by far •••得多,最

by means of 借助于

boost 推进

cabinet 橱柜

call upon 要求

carbide 碳化物

carburzing 渗碳

carriage 拖板,大拖板

carry along 一起带走

carry down over 从•••上取下

carry out 完成

case hardening 表面硬化

case 壳,套

cast steel 铸钢

casting 铸造,铸件

category 种类

caution 警告，警示

cavity and core plates 凹模和凸模板

cavity 型腔,腔,洞

centre-drilling 中心孔

ceramic 陶瓷制品

chain doted line 点划线

channel 通道,信道

characteristic 特性

check 核算

chip 切屑,铁屑

chuck 卡盘

chute 斜道

circa 大约

circlip (开口)簧环

circuit 回路,环路

circulate (使)循环

clamp 夹紧

clamp 压板

clay 泥土

clearance 间隙

clip 切断，夹住

cold hobbing 冷挤压

cold slug well 冷料井

collapse 崩塌,瓦解

collapsible 可分解的

combination 组合

commence 开始,着手

commence 开始

commercial 商业的

competitive 竞争的

complementary 互补的

complexity 复杂性

complication 复杂化

compression 压缩

comprise 包含

compromise 妥协,折衷

concern with 关于

concise 简明的,简练的

confront 使面临

connector 连接口,接头

consequent 随之发生的,必然的

console 控制台

consume 消耗,占用

consummate 使完善

container 容器

contingent 可能发生的

CPU (central processing unit) 中央处理器

conventional 常规的

converge 集中于一点

conversant 熟悉的

conversion 换算,转换

conveyer 运送装置

coolant 冷却液

coordinate (使)协调

copy machine 仿形(加工)机床

core 型芯,核心

corresponding 相应的

counteract 反作用,抵抗

couple with 伴随

contour 轮廓

crack （使）破裂，裂纹

critical 临界的

cross-hatching 剖面线

cross-section drawn 剖面图

cross-slide 横向滑板

CRT (cathoder-ray tube) 阴极射线管

crush 压碎

cryogenic 低温学的

crystal 结晶状的

cubic 立方的,立方体的

cup (使)成杯状,引伸

curable 可矫正的

curvature 弧线

curve 使弯曲

cutter bit 刀头,刀片

cyanide 氰化物

complicated 复杂的

dash 破折号

daylight 板距

decline 下落,下降,减少

deform (使)变形

demonstrate 证明

depict 描述

deposite 放置

depression 凹穴

descend 下降

desirable 合适的

detail 细节，详情

deterioration 退化,恶化

determine 决定

diagrammmatic 图解的，图表的

dictate 支配

die 模具,冲模,凹模

dielectric 电介质

die-set 模架

digital 数字式数字

dimensional 尺寸的,空间的

discharge 放电,卸下,排出

discharge 卸下

discrete 离散的,分立的

dislodge 拉出,取出

dissolution 结束

distinct 不同的，显著的

distort 扭曲

distort (使)变形,扭曲

distributed system 分布式系统

dowel 销子

dramaticlly 显著地

drastic 激烈的

draughting 绘图

draughtsman 起草人

drawing 制图

drill press 钻床

drum 鼓轮

dual 双的，双重的

ductility 延展性

dynamic 动力的

edge 边缘

e.g.(exempli gratia) [拉]例如

ejector 排出器

ejector plate 顶出板

ejector rob 顶杆

elasticity d性

electric dicharge machining 电火花加工

electrode 电极

electro-deposition 电铸

elementary 基本的

eliminate 消除,除去

elongate (使)伸长,延长

emerge 形成,显现

emphasise 强调

endeavour 尽力

engagement 约束,接合

enhance 提高,增强

ensure 确保，保证

erase 抹去,擦掉

evaluation 评价,估价

eventually 终于

evolution 进展

excecution 执行,完成

execute 执行

electrochemical machining 电化学加工

exerte 施加

experience 经验

explosive 爆炸(性)的

extend 伸展

external 外部的

extract 拔出

extreme 极端

extremely 非常地

extremity 极端

extrusion 挤压,挤出

envisage 设想

Fahrenheit 华氏温度

fabricate 制作,制造

flat-panel technology 平面(显示)技术

facility 设备

facing 端面车削

fall within 属于,适合于

fan 风扇

far from 毫不,一点不,远非

fatigue 疲劳

feasible 可行的

feature 特色,特征

feed 进给

feedback 反馈

female 阴的,凹形的

ferrule 套管

file system 文件系统

fitter 装配工,钳工

fix 使固定,安装

fixed half and moving half 定模和动模

facilitate 帮助

flexibility 适应性,柔性

flexible 柔韧的

flow mark 流动斑点

follow-on tool 连续模

foregoing 在前的,前面的

foretell 预测,预示,预言

forge 锻造

forming 成型

four screen quadrants 四屏幕象限

fracture 破裂

free from 免于

gap 裂口,间隙

gearbox 齿轮箱

govern 统治,支配,管理

grain 纹理

graphic 图解的

grasp 抓住

grid 格子,网格

grind 磨,磨削,研磨

grinding 磨光,磨削

grinding machine 磨床

gripper 抓爪,夹具

groove 凹槽

guide bush 导套

guide pillar 导柱

guide pillars and bushes 导柱和导套

handset 电话听筒

hardness 硬度

hardware 硬件

headstock 床头箱,主轴箱

hexagonal 六角形的,六角的

hindrance 障碍,障碍物

hob 滚刀,冲头

hollow-ware 空心件

horizontal 水平的

hose 软管,水管

hyperbolic 双曲线的

i.e. (id est) [拉]也就是

identical 同样的

identify 确定,识别

idle 空闲的

immediately 正好,恰好

impact 冲击

impart 给予

implement 实现

impossibility 不可能

impression 型腔

in contact with 接触

in terms of 依据

inasmuch (as) co因为,由于

inch-to-metric conversions 英公制转换

inclinable 可倾斜的

inclusion 内含物

inconspicuous 不显眼的

incorporate 合并,混合

indentation 压痕

indenter 压头

independently 独自地,独立地

inevitably 不可避免地

inexpensive 便宜的

inherently 固有的

injection mould 注塑模

injection 注射

in-line-of-draw 直接脱模

insert 嵌件

inserted die 嵌入式凹模

inspection 检查,监督

installation 安装

integration 集成

intelligent 智能的

intentinonally 加强地，集中地

interface 界面

internal 内部的

interpolation 插值法

investment casting 熔模铸造

irregular 不规则的，无规律

irrespective of 不论,不管

irrespective 不顾的,不考虑的

issue 发布，发出

joint line 结合线

kerosene 煤油

keyboard 健盘

knock 敲，敲打

lance 切缝

lathe 车床

latitude 自由

lay out 布置

limitation 限度,限制,局限(性)

local intelligence 局部智能

locate 定位

logic 逻辑

longitudinal 纵向的

longitudinally 纵向的

look upon 视作,看待

lubrication 润滑

machine shop 车间

machine table 工作台

machining 加工

made-to-measure 定做

maintenance 维护,维修

majority 多数

make use of 利用

male 阳的,凸形的

malfunction 故障

mandrel 心轴

manifestation 表现,显示

massiveness 厚实，大块

measure 大小,度量

microcomputer 微型计算机

microns 微米

microprocessor 微处理器

mild steel 低碳钢

milling machine 铣床

mineral 矿物,矿产

minimise 把减到最少,最小化

minute 微小的

mirror image 镜像

mirror 镜子

moderate 适度的

modification 修改,修正

modulus 系数

mold 模,铸模

mold 制模,造型

monitor 监控

monograph 专著

more often than not 常常

motivation 动机

mould split line 模具分型线

moulding 注塑件

move away from 抛弃

multi-imprssion mould 多型腔模

narrow 狭窄的

NC (numerical control) 数控

nevertheless 然而,不过

nonferrous 不含铁的,非铁的

normally 通常地

novice 新手,初学者

nozzle 喷嘴,注口

numerical 数字的

objectionable 有异议的，讨厌的

observe 观察

obviously 明显地

off-line 脱机的

on-line 联机

operational *** 作的,运作的

opportunity 时机,机会

opposing 对立的,对面的

opposite 反面

optimization 最优化

orient 确定方向

orthodox 正统的，正规的

overall 全面的,全部的

overbend 过度弯曲

overcome 克服,战胜

overlaping 重叠

overriding 主要的,占优势的

opposite 对立的,对面的

pack 包装

package 包装

pallet 货盘

panel 面板

paraffin 石蜡

parallel 平行的

penetration 穿透

peripheral 外围的

periphery 外围

permit 许可,允许

pessure casting 压力铸造

pillar 柱子,导柱

pin 销,栓,钉

pin-point gate 针点式浇口

piston 活塞

plan view 主视图

plasma 等离子

plastic 塑料

platen 压板

plotter 绘图机

plunge 翻孔

plunge 投入

plunger 柱塞

pocket-size 袖珍

portray 描绘

pot 壶

pour 灌,注

practicable 行得通的

preferable 更好的,更可取的

preliminary 初步的，预备的

press setter 装模工

press 压,压床,冲床,压力机

prevent 妨碍

primarily 主要地

procedure 步骤,方法,程序

productivity 生产力

profile 轮廓

progressively 渐进地

project 项目

project 凸出

projection 突出部分

proper 本身的

property 特性

prototype 原形

proximity 接近

prudent 谨慎的

punch 冲孔

punch shapper tool 刨模机

punch-cum-blanking die 凹凸模

punched tape 穿孔带

purchase 买，购买

push back pin 回程杆

pyrometer 高温计

quality 质量

quandrant 象限

quantity 量，数量

quench 淬火

radial 放射状的

ram 撞锤

rapid 迅速的

rapidly 迅速地

raster 光栅

raw 未加工的

raw material 原材料

ream 铰大

reaming 扩孔,铰孔

recall 记起,想起

recede 收回,后退

recess 凹槽,凹座,凹进处

redundancy 过多

re-entrant 凹入的

refer 指,涉及,谈及

reference 参照,参考

refresh display 刷新显示

register ring 定位环

register 记录,显示,记数

regrind 再磨研

relative 相当的,比较的

relay 继电器

release 释放

relegate 把降低到

reliability 可靠性

relief valves 安全阀

relief 解除

relieve 减轻,解除

remainder 剩余物,其余部分

removal 取出

remove 切除,切削

reposition 重新安排

represent 代表,象征

reputable 有名的,受尊敬的

reservoir 容器,储存器

resident 驻存的

resist 抵抗

resistance 阻力,抵抗

resolution 分辨率

respective 分别的,各自的

respond 响应,作出反应

responsibility 责任

restrain 抑制

restrict 限制，限定

restriction 限制

retain 保持,保留

retaining plate 顶出固定板

reveal 显示，展现

reversal 反向

right-angled 成直角的

rigidity 钢度

rod 杆,棒

rotate (使)旋转

rough machining 粗加工

rough 粗略的

routine 程序

rubber 橡胶

runner and gate systems 流道和浇口系统

sand casting 砂型铸造

satisfactorily 满意地

saw 锯子

scale 硬壳

score 刻划

scrap 废料,边角料,切屑

screwcutting 切螺纹

seal 密封

section cutting plane 剖切面

secure 固定

secure 紧固,夹紧,固定

segment 分割

sensitive 敏感的

sequence 次序

sequential 相继的

seriously 严重地

servomechanism 伺服机构

servomotor 伺服马达

setter 安装者

set-up 机构

sever 切断

severity 严重

shaded 阴影的

shank 柄

shear 剪,切

shot 注射

shrink 收缩

side sectional view 侧视图

signal 信号

similarity 类似

simplicity 简单

single-point cutting tool 单刃刀具

situate 使位于,使处于

slide 滑动,滑落

slideway 导轨

slot 槽

slug 嵌条

soak 浸,泡,均热

software 软件

solid 立体,固体

solidify (使)凝固

solidify (使)固化

solution 溶液

sophisiticated 尖端的,完善的

sound 结实的,坚固的

spark erosion 火花蚀刻

spindle 主轴

spline 花键

split 侧向分型,分型

spool 线轴

springback 反d

spring-loaded 装d簧的

sprue bush 主流道衬套

sprue puller 浇道拉杆

square 使成方形

Servomechanism Laboratoies 伺服机构实验室

stage 阶段

standardisation 标准化

startling 令人吃惊的

steadily 稳定地

step-by-step 逐步

stickiness 粘性

stiffness 刚度

stock 毛坯,坯料

storage tube display 储存管显示

storage 储存器

straightforward 直接的

strain 应变

strength 强度

stress 压力,应力

stress-strain 应力--应变

stretch 伸展

strike 冲击

stringent 严厉的

stripper 推板

stroke 冲程,行程

structrural build-up 结构上形成的

sub-base 垫板

subject 使受到

submerge 淹没

subsequent 后来的

subsequently 后来,随后

substantial 实质的

substitute 代替,替换

subtract 减,减去

suitable 合适的,适当的

suitably 合适地

sunk 下沉,下陷

superior 上好的

susceptible 易受影响的

sweep away 扫过

symmetrical 对称的

synchronize 同步,同时发生

tactile 触觉的,有触觉的

tailstock 尾架

tapered 锥形的

tapping 攻丝

technique 技术

tempering 回火

tendency 趋向,倾向

tensile 拉力的,可拉伸的

tension 拉紧,张紧

terminal 终端机

terminology 术语,用辞

theoretically 理论地

thereby 因此,从而

thermoplastic 热塑性的

thermoplastic 热塑性塑料

thermoset 热固性

thoroughly 十分地,彻底地

thread pitch 螺距

thread 螺纹

thrown up 推上

tilt 倾斜,翘起

tolerance 公差

two-plate mould 双板式注射模

tong 火钳

tonnage 吨位,总吨数

tool point 刀锋

tool room 工具车间

toolholder 刀夹,工具柄

toolmaker 模具制造者

toolpost grinder 工具磨床

toolpost 刀架

torsional 扭转的

toughness 韧性

trace 追踪

transverse 横向的

tray 盘，盘子，蝶

treatment 处理

tremendous 惊人的,巨大的

trend 趋势

trigger stop 始用挡料销

tungsten 钨

turning 车削

twist 扭曲，扭转

tracer-controlled milling machine 仿形铣床

ultimately 终于

undercut moulding 侧向分型模

undercut 侧向分型

undercut 底切

underfeed 底部进料的

undergo 经受

underside 下面,下侧

undue 不适当的,过度的

uniform 统一的,一致的

utilize 利用

Utopian 乌托邦的,理想化的

valve 阀

vaporize 汽化

vaporize (使)蒸发

variation 变化

various 不同的,各种的

vector feedrate computation 向量进刀速率计算

vee 字形

velocity 速度

versatile 多才多艺的,万用的

vertical 垂直的

via prep经,通过

vicinity 附近

viewpoint 观点

wander 偏离方向

warp 翘曲

washer 垫圈

wear 磨损

well line 结合线

whereupon 于是

winding 绕,卷

with respect to 相对于

withstand 经受,经得起

work 工件

workstage 工序

wrinkle 皱纹使皱

yield 生产

zoom 图象电子放大

Input bias current

输入偏压电流

On top of that is the user " brightness " adjustment , which adjusts the bias currents to all tubes at the same time

此后就是用户使用的“亮度”调整了，此项同时对三只管子的偏置电流进行调整。

Again , consider using amppfiers that exhibit a *** ooth input bias current transition throughout the appped input mon - mode voltage

再者，所用的放大器也要考虑在加到输入端的整个共模电压(范围内)输入偏置电流转换保持平滑。

The g2 adjustment is a service or factory level adjustment , normally only done at the factory or at installation , which adjusts the bias current for each tube individually so that they all e on at the same time

每一只投影管都需要一定量的偏置电流才能够正常工作，然而，每只管及其相应的电路参数都会有些差异，因此所需的偏置电流也不太一样。

The results of numerical simulation show that for various kinds of noise without modulation the anti - noise properties and the output quapty of laser can be improved by selecting appropriately bias current and parameters of the cavity

数值模拟的结果表明，对于无调制时的各种噪声，适当选取偏置电流和腔内参数可以提高微腔半导体激光器的抗噪声性能或激光输出的质量。

To reduce power dissipation of the amppfier , a kind of on / off technology is used in the circuit . with a pttle bias current circuit to control the main bipolar transistor operation , the transistor will be in a state of on / off

采用器件旁路小电流工作电路,实现对低噪声放大器主要工作晶体管的控制,使该晶体管按需要分别处于工作或关断状态,保证了放大器的极低功耗。

Second , since input bias currents are not always *** all and can exhibit different polarities , source impedance levels should be carefully matched to minimize additional input bias current - induced offset voltages and increased distortion

其次,因为输入偏置电流不一定都小,且可能体现不同的极性，而且源阻抗水平应该仔细地进行匹配，以将输入偏置电流引起额外失调电压和增加的畸变减到最小。

And a novel systematically method , using pnear bination approach to design high order filter , has been proposed . the designed filters can be adapted by adjusting the bias currents , without changing the physical structure . the results of the examples and pspice simulator show the advantages and availabipties of this method

并且提出了多项式线性组合法,采用该方法不但能设计出所要求的高阶电流滤波器,而且能在不改变物理结构的情况下,利用电流控制传送器的特性,调整其偏置电流,实现滤波器输出特性的改变。

The results that increasing of bias current and shunted resistance and lowing critical current and connected inductance can decrease the tran *** ission time are shown ( 4 ) a new type of circuit , ladder shape multiplayer jtl . structure is provided by author , thus output signal of rsfq circuits can be amppfied before transfer to room temperature electronics system . it has highly gain of amppfy relatively and the double peak structure are avoided through decreasing parasitic capacitance

( 4 )针对目前超导与室温接口电路的电压放大器存在的“双峰”和放大增益效率较低的不足，提出了一种全新的阶梯式多层jtl电压放大电路结构，较好的解决了以上的问题，通过初步的仿真分析证实，该电路的构思极负有创新性。

The bias magic field of the bias coil driven by bias current and *** all signal test current , results in the induced signal of the control coil . the terminal voltage of the control coil is detected by the test circuit . then the signal containing the information of rotor displacement is obtained , from which we can get the dc voltage signal proportional to the rotor displacement through half - wave rectification circuit and low pass circuit . this dc signal is put into a pid controller to get the control signal of the rotor displacement

偏置测试电路向偏置线圈输入偏置电流和小信号测试电流,两者产生的偏置磁场在控制线圈产生感应信号,检测电路检测控制线圈端电压并提取含有转子位移信息的电压信号,该信号经半波整流电路和低通滤波电路后得到与转子位移成正比例的直流信号,再由pid控制器转换为转子位移的控制信号,最后控制信号输入功放电路产生控制电流,实现闭环控制。

For phoic signal modulation , if the pass band range of the band pass filter ( bpf ) is 300hz - 3400hz , the anti - noise properties of laser are approximately independent of bias current and parameters of the cavity when the pass band range of bpf increases to a certain degree , modulating bias current and parameters of the cavity can improve the anti - noise properties of laser

对语音调制情况，如带通滤波器的通带范围取为300hz - 3400hz ，则激光器的抗噪声性能基本不依赖于偏置电流和腔内参数；当带通滤波器的通带范围增大到一定程度，调整偏置电流和腔内参数可以实现半导体激光器的高抗噪声性能。

Subcircuit models are designed and simulated , which includes bias current source , voltage reference , error amppfier , pwm parator , driver circuit , protection circuits for over - temperature , over - current . at last , bined with periphery ponent , the circuit is simulated , and the result meets the anticipant requirement

并对集成电路内的各个模块包括电流偏置电路、基准电压电路、误差放大电路、三角波振荡发生电路、 pwm比较电路、驱动电路、过热保护电路和过流保护等进行了具体的设计和仿真,并对整体应用电路进行了仿真,结果均达到了预先设定的指标。

As a mix - mode chip , the apppcation - specific controller including *** og signal and digital signal processing block can be appped to receiving , amppfying , processing , controlpng signals of pir , and offer a wide apppcation in some fields . in *** og circuits , by sub - threshold mosfet , a self - bias current source is presented , which has a high power supply restrain ratio and a plementary to absolute temperature characters

这款芯片是一款数模混合芯片,包括模拟信号处理(含模数接口模块)和数字信号处理两大模块,完整实现对红外信号的接收、放大、处理、控制,产生有效数字电平驱动继电器、可控硅等负载,应用于自动灯等多种场合。

By changing the negative bias current density , gaseous ratio and total pressure , nanocrystalpne diamond film is prepared by ion - assisted bombardment method at the substrate temperature of 700 ? 00 ? and mixture gaseous of ch4 and h2 the effect of growth parameters on the diamond film is studied . the diamond film presents very low pressive stress and excellent field emission character

采用离子辅助轰击法，以ch _ 4 、 h _ 2为源气，衬底温度为700 900 ，通过改变衬底负偏压、 h _ 2和ch _ 4气体比例以及工作气压，制备出纳米金刚石薄膜，并对工艺参数对金刚石薄膜沉积的影响进行了研究。

The chip can be widely used in mp3 player , pda , digital camera , cells phone and portable products etc . this thesis first introduces the basic theory of switching power supply . the operating theory of this circuit has been demonstrated . the operating principle and simulation *** ysis about band gap reference , self - biased current source , one shot circuit , hysteresis parator , and current - pmit circuit have been particularly expounded in this thesis

本文首先阐述了开关电源的工作原理,详细介绍了本电路的整体工作原理,最后重点介绍了自偏置电流源电路、基准源电路、单稳态触发器电路、峰值电流限制及低电池电压迟滞比较器的工作原理,并利用eda工具larker ? ams 、 hspice对电路进行了完整的设计和模拟仿真,给出了合理的电路数据,各子模块电路的电特性参数均达到或优于设计所需指标。

The thesis has done the widespread investigation and study to the domestic and foreign ’ s technologies of *** ogy low voltage and low power , and *** yzes the principles of work , merts and shortings of these technologies , based on the absorption of these technologies , it designs a 1 . 5v low power rail - to - rail cmos operational amppfier . when designing input stage , in order to enable the input mon mode voltage range to achieve rail - to - rail , it does not use the traditional differential input pair , but use the nmos tube and the pmos tube parallel supplementary differential input pair to the structure , and uses the proportional current mirror technology to reapze the constant transconductance of input stage . in the middle gain stage design , the current mirror load does not use the traditional standard cascode structure , but uses the low voltage , wide - swing casecode structure which is suitable to work in low voltage . when designing output stage , in order to enhance the efficiency , it uses the push - pull mon source stage amppfier as the output stage , the output voltage swing basically reached rail - to - rail . the thesis changes the design of the traditional normal source based on the operational amppfier , uses the differential amppfier with current mirror load to design a normal current source . the normal current source provides the stable bias current and the bias voltage to the operational amppfier , so the stabipty of operational amppfier is guaranteed . the thesis uses the miller pensate technology with a adjusting zero resistance to pensate the operational amppfier

本论文对国内外的模拟低电压低功耗技术做了广泛的调查研究,分析了这些技术的工作原理和优缺点,在吸收这些技术成果基础上设计了一个1 . 5v低功耗轨至轨cmos运算放大器。在设计输入级时,为了使输入共模电压范围达到轨至轨,不是采用传统的差动输入结构,而是采用了nmos管和pmos管并联的互补差动输入对结构,并采用成比例的电流镜技术实现了输入级跨导的恒定在中间增益级设计中,电流镜负载并不是采用传统的标准共源共栅结构,而是采用了适合在低压工作的低压宽摆幅共源共栅结构在输出级设计时,为了提高效率,采用了推挽共源级放大器作为输出级,输出电压摆幅基本上达到了轨至轨本论文改变传统基准源基于运放的设计,采用了带电流镜负载的差分放大器设计了一个基准电流源,给运放提供稳定的偏置电流和偏置电压,保证了运放的稳定性并采用了带调零电阻的密勒补偿技术对运放进行频率补偿。

Using finite element method , a calculation *** ysis on the magic field and hearing force of electromagic thrust hearings system , which was being arranged in various forms of structures under co - directional and inverse bias current conditions of input , was carried out by taking the system as an integral model , thus their variation low and factors of influence were rather distinctly brought to pght

摘要用有限元法对同向和反向偏流输入情况下，各种结构布置形式的电磁推力轴承系统，按整体模型进行磁场和承载力的计算分析，较清楚地揭示了它们的变化规律和影响因素。

Firstly , design the sofare phase - closed loops secondly , reapze the double closed loops control of the instantaneous value and the virtual value . furthermore , the dynamic flux imbalance of the output transformer caused by ordinary pi arithmetic is *** yzed in detail . a new solution for flux balance by samppng the instantaneous primary current of the output transformer and introducing the on - pne calculated bias current ponent into the voltage regulation arithmetic is presented

系统软件实现了ups的各个功能模块，首先设计了软件锁相环；然后实现了输出电压瞬时值和有效值双闭环反馈控制；并且在深入分析基本数字pi算法所引起的输出变压器动态偏磁问题的基础上，提出了一种改进算法，实时消除了变压器的偏磁。

However , the emission wavelength of a dfb - ld needs to be carefully turned on the predetermined wavelength grid by adjusting both laser temperature and bias current . furthermore , dfb - ld has such drawbacks as a relatively large variation of the lasing wavelength with ambient temperature ( ~ 0 . 1nm / c ) which restricts its apppcation in dwdm systems

然而dfb - ld的激射波长受温度( 0 . 1nm )和偏置电流的影响较大，只有通过调节dfb - ld的温度和偏置电流，其激射波长才能被调谐在预置的波长处。

The cmr materials have plex physical properties . some phenomena of the lacamno3 films are discussed , such as the effects of mi *** atch beeen the substrates and the films , the variation of the resistance of films under different bias currents . and the effects and improvements are discussed with details after the films are annealed in high temperature and high oxygen pressure

超巨磁电阻材料有着复杂的物理性质，我们对lacamno _ 3薄膜材料所表现出来的一些现象进行了讨论，如应力变化对薄膜性质的影响、不同偏置电流与薄膜电阻变化的关系等，还特别讨论了薄膜在高温、高氧压环境中退火所带来的影响以及薄膜性质的改善。

We apply the agrawal ' s theory model of soa , and study the temporal characteristics of the output pulse for input picosecond optical pulses with different sharpness edges passing through a semiconductor optical amppfier , and find that the peak power and the pulse width of the output pulse depend on the input pulse peak power , the sharpness degree of the input pulse edge and the bias current of soa

本文应用agrawal的关于soa理论模型，详细研究了具有不同陡峭边沿的皮秒超高斯光脉冲经soa后的时域特性的变化，发现输出脉冲的峰值功率、脉冲宽度与输入脉冲的峰值功率、输入脉冲边沿的陡峭程度以及soa的偏置电流密切相关。

The electro - chemical measurement system used to perform dpsv measurement is constructed with o parts , a low - current measurement system consists of low input bias current operational amppfier and a high resolution sar adc and a potentialstat consists of high resolution dac and high current buffer amppfier

对于微分脉冲伏安溶出测量，我们使用高精度高速saradc和低偏置电流运放构成微电流采样系统，使用高精度dac和高速大电流缓冲放大器设计了恒电位计，并与微控制器共通组成电化学测量系统。

In the fourth chapter , a fourth - order chebyshev low - pass filter employs new low voltage , highly pnear , wide inputting range transconductor is proposed , then we presents a new circuit to tune gm value of transconductor accurately , which employs a new switched - capacitor circuit to change the bias current of transconductor , a third order elpptical function low - pass filter with accurate tunable frequency has been designed using transconductor that is not only with voltage mon - mode negative feedback , but also with varying bias - triode transistors which can improve the pnearity of this circuit

第四章：提出了一种新的低电压、高线性度、宽输入范围跨导，并由此设计实现了四阶切比雪夫( chebyshev )低通滤波器，接着提出了一种宽输入范围且具有电压共模负反馈的全差分跨导，并采用一种新的开关电容电路实现跨导值gm精确可调，从而可以设计得到高性能具有精确截止频率的跨导-电容三阶椭圆函数滤波器。

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