具体内容如下:
1 os.system
例如 ipython中运行如下命令,返回运行状态status
os.system('cat /etc/passwdqc.conf')
min=Disabled,24,11,8,7
max=40
passphrase=3
match=4
similar=deny
random=47
enforce=everyone
retry=3
Out[6]: 0
2 os.popen()
popen(command [,mode='r' [,bufsize]]) -> pipe
Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.
运行返回结果
In [20]: output = os.popen('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
In [21]: lineLen = []
In [22]: for line in output.readlines():
lineLen.append(len(line))
....:
In [23]: line
line lineLen
In [23]: lineLen
Out[23]:
[14,
25,
...
3 如何同时返回结果和运行状态,commands模块:
#String form: <module 'commands' from '/usr/lib64/python2.7/commands.pyc'>file: /usr/lib64/python2.7/commands.pyDocstring:Execute shell commands via os.popen() and return status,output.Interface summary:import commandsouttext = commands.getoutput(cmd)(exitstatus,outtext) = commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)outtext = commands.getstatus(file) # returns output of "ls -ld file"A trailing newline is removed from the output string.Encapsulates the basic operation:pipe = os.popen('{ ' + cmd + '; } 2>&1','r')text = pipe.read()sts = pipe.close()
commands示例如下:
In [24]: (status,output) = commands.getstatusoutput('cat /proc/cpuinfo')
In [25]: status
Out[25]: 0
In [26]: len(output)
Out[26]: 3859
4 使用模块subprocess
ipython 中运行"?subprocess"可以发现subprocess是python用来替换os.popen()等管道 *** 作命令的新模块
A more real-world example would look like this:
try: retcode = call("mycmd" + " myarg",shell=True) if retcode < 0: print >>sys.stderr,"Child was terminated by signal",-retcode else: print >>sys.stderr,"Child returned",retcodeexcept OSError,e: print >>sys.stderr,"Execution Failed:",e
相对于上面几种方式,subprocess便于控制和监控进程运行结果,subprocess提供多种函数便于应对父进程对子进程不同要求:
4.1.1 subprocess.call()
父进程父进程等待子进程完成,返回exit code
4.1.2 subprocess.check_call()
父进程等待子进程完成,返回0,如果returncode不为0,则举出错误subprocess.CalledProcessError,该对象包含有returncode属性,可用try...except...来检查
4.1.3 subprocess.check_output()
父进程等待子进程完成
返回子进程向标准输出的输出结果
检查退出信息,如果returncode不为0,则举出错误subprocess.CalledProcessError,该对象包含有returncode属性和output属性,output属性为标准输出的输出结果,可用try...except...来检查
例如:
In [32]: out = subprocess.call("ls -l",shell=True)
total 42244
-rw-rw-r--. 1 *** *** 366 May 26 09:10 ChangeLog
4.2.1
上面三个函数都是源于Popen()函数的wapper(封装),如果需要更加个性化应用,那么就需要使用popen()函数
Popen对象创建后,主程序不会自动等待子进程完成。我们必须调用对象的wait()方法,父进程才会等待 (也就是阻塞block)
[wenwt@localhost Syntax]$ rm subprocess.pyc [wenwt@localhost Syntax]$ python process.py parent process[wenwt@localhost Syntax]$ Ping www.Google.com (173.194.219.99) 56(84) bytes of data.^C[wenwt@localhost Syntax]$ --- www.Google.com Ping statistics ---5 packets transmitted,0 received,100% packet loss,time 3999ms
加上wait方法:
[wenwt@localhost Syntax]$ python process.py Ping www.Google.com (173.194.219.103) 56(84) bytes of data.--- www.Google.com Ping statistics ---5 packets transmitted,time 3999msparent process
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