#include <iostream>#include <stdlib.h>extern "C" {#include "blas.h"}[blah blah blah,matrix class here; overloaded * operator will do the matrix multiplication]matrix operator* (const matrix &other){matrix AxB(Nrows,other.Ncolumns,"(" + name + "*" + "other.name" + ")");char TRANSA = 'N';char TRANSB = 'N';int M = Nrows;int N = other.Ncolumns;int K = Ncolumns;double Alpha = 1.;double beta = 0.;dgemm_ (&TRANSA,&TRANSB,&M,&N,&K,&Alpha,data,other.data,&beta,AxB.data,&M);return AxB;[blah blah blah,overloaded = operator here; i'm positive this is not the problem since it works for matrix addition]
主功能:
#include "matrix.h"main(){// entrIEs of A and B are randomized between 0 and 1matrix A(5,5);matrix B(5,5);matrix C = A*B;}
现在blas.h头文件:
voID dgemm_ (char *TRANSA,char *TRANSB,int *M,int *N,int *K,double *Alpha,double **A,int *LDA,double **B,int *LDB,double *BETA,double **C,int *LDC);
我要使用这里概述的子程序:http://www.netlib.org/blas/dgemm.f
基本上,我们在C类实现它的方式使用(double *)calloc(rows * columns,sizeof(double))将矩阵构建为一个长数组.
我的C实现做了:
double **data;data = new double[rows];for(int i=1; i<=rows; ++i){ data[i-1] = new double[columns];}
然后我可以使用data [i] [j]进行索引.但由于dgemm子程序应该采用double * A,double * B等,但我的矩阵是双** A等等,我该如何解决这个问题?
这是我从valgrind得到的错误消息:
==18845== InvalID write of size 8==18845== at 0x4165C1C: ATL_dgezero (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4149DA7: ATL_dNCmmJIK (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x415BE8E: ATL_dgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4182F54: ATL_dptgemm_nt (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4183140: ATL_dptgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x40818F6: atl_f77wrap_dgemm_ (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4E4E0004: ???==18845== Address 0x478d680 is 8 bytes after a block of size 16 alloc'd==18845== at 0x402B454: operator new[](unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/valgrind /vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so)==18845== by 0x8049045: dmatrix::dmatrix(int,int,std::string) (dmatrix.hpp:77)==18845== by 0x8049532: dmatrix::operator*(dmatrix const&) (dmatrix.hpp:218)==18845== by 0x8048DCB: main (main.cpp:17)==18845== ==18845== InvalID write of size 8==18845== at 0x4165C1F: ATL_dgezero (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4149DA7: ATL_dNCmmJIK (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x415BE8E: ATL_dgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4182F54: ATL_dptgemm_nt (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4183140: ATL_dptgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x40818F6: atl_f77wrap_dgemm_ (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4E4E0004: ???==18845== Address 0x478d678 is 0 bytes after a block of size 16 alloc'd==18845== at 0x402B454: operator new[](unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/valgrind /vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so)==18845== by 0x8049045: dmatrix::dmatrix(int,std::string) (dmatrix.hpp:77)==18845== by 0x8049532: dmatrix::operator*(dmatrix const&) (dmatrix.hpp:218)==18845== by 0x8048DCB: main (main.cpp:17)==18845== ==18845== InvalID write of size 8==18845== at 0x4165C22: ATL_dgezero (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4149DA7: ATL_dNCmmJIK (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x415BE8E: ATL_dgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4182F54: ATL_dptgemm_nt (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4183140: ATL_dptgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x40818F6: atl_f77wrap_dgemm_ (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4E4E0004: ???==18845== Address 0x478d690 is not stack'd,malloc'd or (recently) free'd==18845== ==18845== InvalID write of size 8 ==18845== at 0x4165C25: ATL_dgezero (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4149DA7: ATL_dNCmmJIK (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x415BE8E: ATL_dgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4182F54: ATL_dptgemm_nt (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4183140: ATL_dptgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x40818F6: atl_f77wrap_dgemm_ (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4E4E0004: ???==18845== Address 0x478d688 is not stack'd,malloc'd or (recently) free'd==18845== ==18845== InvalID read of size 8==18845== at 0x4143D60: ATL_dJIK0x0x0NN0x0x0_aX_bX (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4149A9D: ATL_dNCmmJIK (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x415BE8E: ATL_dgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4182F54: ATL_dptgemm_nt (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4183140: ATL_dptgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x40818F6: atl_f77wrap_dgemm_ (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4E4E0004: ???==18845== Address 0x478cf80 is not stack'd,malloc'd or (recently) free'd==18845== ==18845== InvalID read of size 8==18845== at 0x4143D64: ATL_dJIK0x0x0NN0x0x0_aX_bX (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4149A9D: ATL_dNCmmJIK (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x415BE8E: ATL_dgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4182F54: ATL_dptgemm_nt (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4183140: ATL_dptgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x40818F6: atl_f77wrap_dgemm_ (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4E4E0004: ???==18845== Address 0x478d130 is 0 bytes after a block of size 16 alloc'd==18845== at 0x402B454: operator new[](unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/valgrind /vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so)==18845== by 0x8049045: dmatrix::dmatrix(int,std::string) (dmatrix.hpp:77)==18845== by 0x8048D49: main (main.cpp:6)==18845== ==18845== InvalID read of size 8 ==18845== at 0x4143D4C: ATL_dJIK0x0x0NN0x0x0_aX_bX (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4149A9D: ATL_dNCmmJIK (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x415BE8E: ATL_dgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4182F54: ATL_dptgemm_nt (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4183140: ATL_dptgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x40818F6: atl_f77wrap_dgemm_ (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4E4E0004: ???==18845== Address 0x478d678 is 0 bytes after a block of size 16 alloc'd==18845== at 0x402B454: operator new[](unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/valgrind /vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so)==18845== by 0x8049045: dmatrix::dmatrix(int,std::string) (dmatrix.hpp:77)==18845== by 0x8049532: dmatrix::operator*(dmatrix const&) (dmatrix.hpp:218)==18845== by 0x8048DCB: main (main.cpp:17)==18845== ==18845== InvalID write of size 8==18845== at 0x4143D93: ATL_dJIK0x0x0NN0x0x0_aX_bX (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4149A9D: ATL_dNCmmJIK (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x415BE8E: ATL_dgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4182F54: ATL_dptgemm_nt (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4183140: ATL_dptgemm (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas/libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x40818F6: atl_f77wrap_dgemm_ (in /usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas /libblas.so.3gf.0)==18845== by 0x4E4E0004: ???==18845== Address 0x478d678 is 0 bytes after a block of size 16 alloc'd==18845== at 0x402B454: operator new[](unsigned int) (in /usr/lib/valgrind /vgpreload_memcheck-x86-linux.so)==18845== by 0x8049045: dmatrix::dmatrix(int,std::string) (dmatrix.hpp:77)==18845== by 0x8049532: dmatrix::operator*(dmatrix const&) (dmatrix.hpp:218)==18845== by 0x8048DCB: main (main.cpp:17)==18845== ==18845== InvalID read of size 8==18845== at 0x8048DEA: main (main.cpp:19)==18845== Address 0x0 is not stack'd,malloc'd or (recently) free'd==18845== ==18845== ==18845== Process terminating with default action of signal 11 (SIGSEGV)==18845== Access not within mapped region at address 0x0==18845== at 0x8048DEA: main (main.cpp:19)==18845== If you belIEve this happened as a result of a stack==18845== overflow in your program's main thread (unlikely but==18845== possible),you can try to increase the size of the==18845== main thread stack using the --main-stacksize= flag.==18845== The main thread stack size used in this run was 8388608.==18845== ==18845== HEAP SUMMARY:==18845== in use at exit: 3,581 bytes in 39 blocks==18845== total heap usage: 49 allocs,10 frees,7,760 bytes allocated==18845== ==18845== LEAK SUMMARY:==18845== definitely lost: 128 bytes in 4 blocks==18845== indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks==18845== possibly lost: 88 bytes in 4 blocks==18845== still reachable: 3,365 bytes in 31 blocks==18845== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks==18845== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory==18845== ==18845== For counts of detected and suppressed errors,rerun with: -v==18845== ERROR SUMMARY: 111 errors from 9 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)Segmentation fault (core dumped)
直到我尝试实现dgemm矩阵乘法,我没有错误和没有泄漏,所以我很确定我的所有麻烦都在于dgemm实现
解决方法 C版本的内存布局与C版本中的内存布局不同.由于BLAS期望C版本使用的布局类型,因此您的C版本将无法正常工作.因此,您需要在C版本中分配一个大的1-D数组;你可以重载operator()以获得2D数组的索引.或者对于生产代码,请使用诸如Eigen之类的库.
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