22.2.14--B站登录内附代码-for循环列表形式-‘’no attribute ‘’-‘’needs to be in PATH-selenium截图偏差-crop裁剪错误-BytesIO（）等

尝试B站登入，遇到的问题大致如下。

学习的是崔庆才编写的《python3网络爬虫开发实战》

1.EC显示等待模块中需要加括号

2.for循环的列表形式

3.报错：'click_image' object has no attribute 'wait'

4.报错：chromedriver' executable needs to be in PATH

5.报错：presence_of_element_located() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given

6.报错：int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'list'

7.selenium截图出现偏差

8.crop（）函数裁剪错误

9.BytesIO（）的用法

10.file.getvalue()的用法

（一）1.EC显示等待模块中需要加括号

EC显示模块，看代码

    def login_in(self):
        self.browser.get(self.url)
        self.browser.maximize_window()
        username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'login-username' )))
        password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'login-passwd' )))
        button = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.LINK_TEXT,'登录')))
        username.send_keys(bilibili_username)
        password.send_keys(bilibili_password)
        button.click()
        time.sleep(2)

注意EC.presence_of_element_located()这个函数里面的是需要写成

EC.presence_of_element_located(（By.ID, 'login-username'）)里面需要有一个括号

（二）2.for循环的列表形式

for循环有两种方式，这次遇到的写法是这样子的

    def get_points(self,captch_result):
        '''
        :param captch_result: 超级鹰输出的
        :return:
        '''
        groups = captch_result.get('pic_str').split('|')
        locations = [[int(number) for number in group.split(',')] for group in groups]
        return locations

其中int（number）是输出的内容，

for number in group.split(',') 是内层循环

for group in groups 是外层循环

不过输出的内容是啥样的我还不是很清楚，待续。

（三）报错：'click_image' object has no attribute 'wait'

        EC显示等待

class click_image():
    def first_login(self):
        self.url = 'https://passport.bilibili.com/login'
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser,20)
        self.chaojiying = Chaojiying(chaojiying_username,chaojiying_password,chaojiying_soft_id)

一开始是这样子的，后来一直给我报错，我将代码更改为

class click_image():
    def __init__(self):
        self.url = 'https://passport.bilibili.com/login'
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser,20)
        self.chaojiying = Chaojiying(chaojiying_username,chaojiying_password,chaojiying_soft_id)

将函数名称换成了__init__（self）:就可以了

（四）chromedriver' executable needs to be in PATH

这个只需要将chromedriver.exe 分别放入 含有chrome.exe 和python37的文件夹里,再将chromedriver.exe放入环境变量的系统PATH中即可，如下

 之后再右键我的电脑-属性-高级系统设置-环境变量-双击系统变量中的path-新建，将

上图中的地址：C:\Users\15466\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\Application

放入之后，一路确定即可。

（五）presence_of_element_located() takes 1 positional argument but 2 were given

 解决方法就是第一个里面提到的

（六）int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a number, not 'list'

    def touch_click(self,locations):
        for location in locations:
            print(location)
            ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(self.get_image(),location[0],
                                                                   location[1]).click().perform()
            time.sleep(1)

↑↑↑这个是正确的。

当时我报错的原因是在：

ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(self.get_image(),locations[0],
                                                       locations[1]).click().perform()

是的，仔细看就会发现我在location的后面加了一个s

（七）selenium截图出现偏差

1.电脑系统的缩放比例

我这里是125％ ，所以只需要改成100％，然后重启电脑就可以

2.在后续的坐标乘以1.25（如下）

    def crop_screenshot(self,name='captch.png'):
        top,bottom,left,right= self.get_image_location()
        screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
        captch = screenshot.crop((left*1.25,top*1.25,right*1.25,bottom*1.25))
        captch.save(name)
        return captch

3.还有一个，反正我懒得看了

（八）crop（）函数裁剪错误

    def crop_screenshot(self,name='captch.png'):
        top,bottom,left,right= self.get_image_location()
        screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
        captch = screenshot.crop((left,top,right,bottom))
        captch.save(name)
        return captch

crop（x,y,x+width,y+height）

但是一开始脑抽写的是

captch = screenshot.crop((top,bottom,left,right))

可把孩子愁坏了。

（九）BytesIO（）的用法

BytesIO实现了在内存中读写bytes

可以

file = BytesIO()

来创建一个文件夹

（十）file.getvalue()的用法

有人解释下吗，我不理解。。。

附上代码：

from PIL import Image
from pach.chaojiying_Python.chaojiying import Chaojiying
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
from io import BytesIO
'''准备工作'''
chaojiying_username = '超级鹰用户名'
chaojiying_password = '超级鹰密码'
chaojiying_soft_id = '软件ID'
chaojiying_kind = '验证码类型'
bilibili_username = 'B站账号'
bilibili_password = 'B站密码'

class click_image():
    def __init__(self):
        self.url = 'https://passport.bilibili.com/login'
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser,20)
        self.chaojiying = Chaojiying(chaojiying_username,chaojiying_password,chaojiying_soft_id)
    def login_in(self):
        self.browser.get(self.url)
        self.browser.maximize_window()
        username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'login-username' )))
        password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'login-passwd' )))
        button = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.LINK_TEXT,'登录')))
        username.send_keys(bilibili_username)
        password.send_keys(bilibili_password)
        button.click()
        time.sleep(2)
    def close(self):
        self.browser.close()
    def get_image(self):
        images = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'geetest_item_img')))
        return images
    def get_image_location(self):
        images = self.get_image()
        location = images.location
        size = images.size
        top,bottomm,left,right = location['y'],location['y']+size['height'],location['x'],location['x']+size['width']
        return (top,bottomm,left,right)
    def get_screenshot(self):
        screenshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
        screenshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot))
        return screenshot
    def crop_screenshot(self,name='captch.png'):
        top,bottom,left,right= self.get_image_location()
        screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
        captch = screenshot.crop((left,top,right,bottom))
        captch.save(name)
        return captch
    def get_points(self,captch_result):
        '''
        :param captch_result: 超级鹰输出的
        :return:
        '''
        groups = captch_result.get('pic_str').split('|')
        locations = [[int(number) for number in group.split(',')] for group in groups]
        return locations
    def touch_click(self,locations):
        for location in locations:
            print(location)
            ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(self.get_image(),location[0],
                                                                   location[1]).click().perform()
            time.sleep(1)
    def login_click(self):
        button = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.LINK_TEXT,'确认')))
        button.click()
    def bilibili_login(self):
        self.login_in()
        captch = self.crop_screenshot()
        file = BytesIO()
        captch.save(file , format='PNG' )
        result = self.chaojiying.post_pic(file.getvalue(),chaojiying_kind)
        print(result)
        locations = self.get_points(result)
        self.touch_click(locations)
        self.login_click()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    login = click_image()
    login.bilibili_login()