KVM之一： linux如何配置console

介绍,1876年3月10日,在波士顿,马萨诸塞州亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔发明电话 托马斯沃森fashioned装置本身; 粗略的东西了一只木制站,一个漏斗 一杯酸和一些铜线 但是这些简单的零件和同样简单的第一个电话--"沃森先生,来到这里,我想你了"! --belie一个复杂的过去 贝尔递交申请前几个小时,他的竞争对手,elisha灰色,立案公告,很快专利电话自己 何况,即使没有人实际上已建成了一个工作电话, 钟做出了自己的电话 *** 作三周后使用构想灰色的通知发明 法贝尔没有提出自己的专利 "他是谁振奋乌黑长发苏格兰人的28月前夕,结婚 蓬勃的生命力,以新的思路 " alexandergrahambell:生命和时间的人发明电话intrigue一旁,现在 故事的电话是故事本身的发明 钟制定新的原始构想,但这样做的建设旧观念和发展 贝尔成功,正是因为他理解音响效果,研究音,一下电力 其他发明者知道电力不错,但少有回音 电话是一项共同的成就众多的先锋,因此,尽管信贷和奖励并不均分 这也往往是故事的发明 电话来自希腊词遥,意义自远方来,和电话,意思是声音或声音声 一般来说,一个电话,是任何装置,它带声音较远距离 一连串的电话,麦克风 或者说管可能被视为电话工具,但对我们而言,他们没有电话 这些发送声音生硬不electrically 如何形成的 讲话是声音的议案 talking产生声压 谈到进入可以一连串的电话,例如,使线振动, 造成声波往返一端的延伸线到另一方 电话相形之下,转载健全的机电手段 什么victorians称为"会说话的闪电," 标准字典的电话作为"器具音响声,尤其是人的声音, 在一个很大的距离,用电量; 由发射和接收仪器连接线或电线所传达的电流 " 电流1)设有办事处的电话号码和2)你的声音不同,目前进行沟通 与这两个要点,让我们来看电话的历史 点此了非常大的形象,展示了一个电话工程的电话是一个电气仪表 谈到进入手机的发射器或麦克风使其膈肌颤动 这一变化的电流,使接收器的膜片颤动 这种重复原来的声音 看一看这个图像,使这一点更为清晰 现代电话不使用碳在其手机 他们利用驻极体话筒的发射机和压电换接收机但原则上描述的形象联系 以上是相同的 声波拾起驻极体传声器原因"一薄层金属涂层塑颤动, 产生变化的电场过一个小小的空差距膜片电极 "[大英百科定义]压电 传感器使用的材料而皈依机械压力的一种声波当它变成不同的电信号 电话的历史开始在开始的人类历史 男子一直想沟通从远方 人用烟雾信号,镜子,丛林鼓 信鸽和semaphores得到一个信息,从一个点到另一个 但手机是一件新事 有人说培根预言电话1627,不过,他的著作的新乌托邦只形容长的发言管道 一个真正的电话不能发明之前电气时代开始 即使在当时似乎并不理想 机电原则,需要建立一个电话中称,在1831年,但直到1854年,bourseul建议 传输语音electrically 直到22年后,在1876年,这一构想变成了现实 不过,在此之前,一个电话可能已无法形成人的意识 而达芬奇预言飞行julesverne设想的太空旅行, 人们再也不能入睡,通过百年梦想打出电话 怎么 熟悉电力,更遑论思想,它可以携带谈话 怎么会有人梦想着未来电话 他们在15世纪可能想象的公用电话在街角或一部传真机就 自己的办公桌 你根本不知道那是一个很容易的可视化的目标,其中人喜欢动力飞行 造成一发明之后,另一个工作经过多年实现一个共同的目标 电话网发展反而是一系列的时候断开事件,大多电气,有些偶然的,这使电话的可能 我将封面短短数 有很多方法可以沟通的长途跋涉 我曾转载了一条漂亮的彩色图,表明了罗马字母,国际旗代码,莫尔斯代码, 而semaphore信号

we made it

歌曲时长：03：:58

音乐风格：硬摇滚

发行时间：2008年3月28

歌曲原唱：Linkin Park，Busta Rhymes

作品类型：单曲

歌词翻译：

Together we made itLinkin Park同心协力，我们做到了

We made it even though we had our backs up against the wall

我们做到了,尽管来之不易

See ah niggas I survived the worst, but my life is glorious (uh!)

看啊，黑人们，我历尽了艰辛，但现在活得很好

But I know that I leaped every hurdle, and I'm so victorious (uh!)

但我自己知道，我跨过了每一道栏，所以现在我成功了

Take a look I'm a symbol of greatness, now call me a nigga Morpheus (yeah)

看啊，我是成功的典范，现在要叫我黑人“梦之神”

As force securin' the win, but they believe I'm so notorious (yeah)

我就是确保胜利的力量，但他们认为我恶名昭著

You know that I've been buying my bread, even though we rappin' now (yes)

你知道我一直自给自足，即使我们现在在说唱（指说唱也是他的吃饭家伙）Busta RhymesWe used to live on the strip, even though a nigga higher level tramppin' now (oh!)

我们曾露宿街头，既便如此，现在我是举足轻重

Superseded everyone on my little struggles and (uh!)

轻而易举地取代了所有人

So failure has never ever been an option (trust)

失败将不再成为结果

A nigga paper long like rush hour traffic

黑人的免费演出排队长得像在堵车

And I'm about to take the hood shoppin' (get it!)

我要去买定冒兜

Together we made it (say we did it niggas)

同心协力，我们做到了(说我们做到了，黑家伙们)

We made it even though we had our backs up against the wall (come on)

我们做到了,尽管来之不易

Forever we waited (ah hah)

我们一直在等待

And they told us we were never gonna get it, but we took it on the road

他们曾说我们永远也得不到，但我们一路上做到了

To the riches (on the road)

致那些富人

To the ghetto (on the road)

致那些贫民

In the projects, to this bangin' instrumental (on the road)

按计划，致这首节奏强烈的歌

Rise with me (on the road)

和我一起起身吧

Come and get it (on the road)

起来得到它

Yeah, yeah, yeah, yo

When it all got started, we were steadily just getting rejected

当一切准备就绪，我们却被习惯性地否决了

And it seemed like nothin' we could do could ever get us respected

貌似无论我们做什么都得不到尊重

At best we were stressed

最好的情况吓，我们得顶着压力上

at the worst they probably said we're pathetic

最糟的情况下，他们一票否决我们

Had all the pieces to that puzzle

集齐了拼图的所有碎片

Just the way to connect it

就看怎么拼起来了

I was fighting through every rhyme

我苦思每句韵脚

Tightening up every line

浓缩每句歌词

Never restin' the question as if I was out of my mind

从不停止思索，就像发了疯一样

It finally came time to do it or let it die

到了最终决定时刻，不成功则成仁

So we put the chips on the table and

所以我们把所有碎片摊到桌上

Told them to let it ride, sing it (yeah)

告诉他们试听一下，唱吧

Together we made it (say we did it niggas)

同心协力，我们做到了(说我们做到了，黑家伙们)

We made it even though we had our backs up against the wall (come on)

我们做到了,尽管来之不易

Forever we waited (ah hah)

我们一直在等待

And they told us we were never gonna get it, but we took it on the road

他们曾说我们永远也得不到，但我们一路上做到了

To the riches (on the road)

致那些富人

To the ghetto (on the road)

致那些贫民

In the projects, to this bangin' instrumental (on the road)

按计划，致这首节奏强烈的歌

Rise with me (on the road)

和我一起起身吧

Come and get it (on the road)

起来得到它

Yeah, yeah, yeah, yo

In case you misunderstand exactly what I'm buildin'

以防你误解我的努力为追求功名

This shit that I can leave for

这些该死的身外之物我都可以放弃

My children's (children's) children's (children)

为了我的孩子们

Now on the wake up I smile, to see how far I've come (yeah)

现在，我醒来时可以微笑，因为看到我所取得的成绩

Fighting for sales when I'm stripped

我贫苦时，为了大抢购而挤破头

To negate the hustle from (yeah)

我想要否认那些我曾经干下的勾当

From nights in jail on a bench using my muscles son (yeah)

那些在狱中我欺压他人的勾当，孩子

To countin' money like Dre and Jimmy and Russel was (yeah nigga)

想要像Dre, Jimmy和Russel（三人均为成功的黑人歌手）那样数钱

But now I live when I dream, you see we finally did it (oh!)

但现在我梦想成真，你瞧，我们最终做到了

Let's make a toast to the hustle

让我们为那些奔忙而干杯

Regardless how you get it, sing it

无论如何，你成功了，唱吧

Together we made it (say we did it niggas)

同心协力，我们做到了(说我们做到了，黑家伙们)

We made it even though we had our backs up against the wall (come on)

我们做到了,尽管来之不易

Forever we waited (ah hah)

我们一直在等待

And they told us we were never gonna get it, but we took it on the road

他们曾说我们永远也得不到，但我们一路上做到了

To the riches (on the road)

致那些富人

To the ghetto (on the road)

致那些贫民

In the projects, to this bangin' instrumental (on the road)

按计划，致这首节奏强烈的歌

Rise with me (on the road)

和我一起起身吧

Come and get it (on the road)

起来得到它

Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah

 

 

 

The /usr/lib/systemd/system/getty@service file is responsible for the virtual terminals (/dev/tty[X]) /usr/lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@service is responsible for all other terminals, such as a serial terminal on /dev/ttyS0

Systemd provides a template unit file for serial getty Template file can be found here /lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@service

 

 

 

 

 

 

 There are many cloud platforms which are working in Linux virtualisation on back-end In terms of connectivity we have better option in KVM, which connect it through serial console

 In this post we would see how we could connect Ubuntu1704 KVM Virtual machine through serial console I remember in earlier version and distributions, it need to configure serial console in grub file, but in Ubuntu its very easy and reliable as most of configurations and settings are already configured in OS

let’s see how things happened here …

 For this post, we are using Ubuntu-1704 Guest Machine on Ubuntu-1604 Host machine

 How to setup serial console, for same we have to connect machine and login on as root user

 We could connect on KVM Guest machine through SSH from Host Machine

 We could connect Guest machine through VNC Viewer and could setup Serial console from there Configuring and connecting VNC viewer posted here This could be best option to connect Guest machine in any troubleshooting because it could configure without any network connectivity, this also make it same control which we have in serial console with Graphical User Interface from remote host

 This is Graphical User interface on Host Machine For this we should have access to Host Machine or Graphical desktop from remote through SSH or VNC

 Above package should installed for this command Like in below image we could connect KVM Guest machine

 Configure a serial console in the Ubuntu guest

 After getting login console we need to start serial console and enable it with below two commands

 Now we could connect serial console in easy way with virsh console command

 

 

以下方法: 在centos65也适用

Together we made it

同心协力，我们做到了

We made it even though we had our backs up against the wall

我们做到了,尽管来之不易

See ah niggas I survived the worst, but my life is glorious (uh!)

看啊，黑人们，我历尽了艰辛，但现在活得很好

But I know that I leaped every hurdle, and I'm so victorious (uh!)

但我自己知道，我跨过了每一道栏，所以现在我成功了

Take a look I'm a symbol of greatness, now call me a nigga Morpheus (yeah)

看啊，我是成功的典范，现在要叫我黑人“梦之神”

As force securin' the win, but they believe I'm so notorious (yeah)

我就是确保胜利的力量，但他们认为我恶名昭著

You know that I've been buying my bread, even though we rappin' now (yes)

你知道我一直自给自足，即使我们现在在说唱（指说唱也是他的吃饭家伙）

We used to live on the strip, even though a nigga higher level tramppin' now (oh!)

我们曾露宿街头，既便如此，现在我是举足轻重

Superseded everyone on my little struggles and (uh!)

轻而易举地取代了所有人

So failure has never ever been an option (trust)

失败将不再成为结果

A nigga paper long like rush hour traffic

黑人的免费演出排队长得像在堵车

And I'm about to take the hood shoppin' (get it!)

我要去买定冒兜

Together we made it (say we did it niggas)

同心协力，我们做到了(说我们做到了，黑家伙们)

We made it even though we had our backs up against the wall (come on)

我们做到了,尽管来之不易

Forever we waited (ah hah)

我们一直在等待

And they told us we were never gonna get it, but we took it on the road

他们曾说我们永远也得不到，但我们一路上做到了

To the riches (on the road)

致那些富人

To the ghetto (on the road)

致那些贫民

In the projects, to this bangin' instrumental (on the road)

按计划，致这首节奏强烈的歌

Rise with me (on the road)

和我一起起身吧

Come and get it (on the road)

起来得到它

Yeah, yeah, yeah, yo

When it all got started, we were steadily just getting rejected

当一切准备就绪，我们却被习惯性地否决了

And it seemed like nothin' we could do could ever get us respected

貌似无论我们做什么都得不到尊重

At best we were stressed

最好的情况吓，我们得顶着压力上

at the worst they probably said we're pathetic

最糟的情况下，他们一票否决我们

Had all the pieces to that puzzle

集齐了拼图的所有碎片

Just the way to connect it

就看怎么拼起来了

I was fighting through every rhyme

我苦思每句韵脚

Tightening up every line

浓缩每句歌词

Never restin' the question as if I was out of my mind

从不停止思索，就像发了疯一样

It finally came time to do it or let it die

到了最终决定时刻，不成功则成仁

So we put the chips on the table and

所以我们把所有碎片摊到桌上

Told them to let it ride, sing it (yeah)

告诉他们试听一下，唱吧

Together we made it (say we did it niggas)

同心协力，我们做到了(说我们做到了，黑家伙们)

We made it even though we had our backs up against the wall (come on)

我们做到了,尽管来之不易

Forever we waited (ah hah)

我们一直在等待

And they told us we were never gonna get it, but we took it on the road

他们曾说我们永远也得不到，但我们一路上做到了

To the riches (on the road)

致那些富人

To the ghetto (on the road)

致那些贫民

In the projects, to this bangin' instrumental (on the road)

按计划，致这首节奏强烈的歌

Rise with me (on the road)

和我一起起身吧

Come and get it (on the road)

起来得到它

Yeah, yeah, yeah, yo

In case you misunderstand exactly what I'm buildin'

以防你误解我的努力为追求功名

This shit that I can leave for

这些该死的身外之物我都可以放弃

My children's (children's) children's (children)

为了我的孩子们

Now on the wake up I smile, to see how far I've come (yeah)

现在，我醒来时可以微笑，因为看到我所取得的成绩

Fighting for sales when I'm stripped

我贫苦时，为了大抢购而挤破头

To negate the hustle from (yeah)

我想要否认那些我曾经干下的勾当

From nights in jail on a bench using my muscles son (yeah)

那些在狱中我欺压他人的勾当，孩子

To countin' money like Dre and Jimmy and Russel was (yeah nigga)

想要像Dre, Jimmy和Russel（三人均为成功的黑人歌手）那样数钱

But now I live when I dream, you see we finally did it (oh!)

但现在我梦想成真，你瞧，我们最终做到了

Let's make a toast to the hustle

让我们为那些奔忙而干杯

Regardless how you get it, sing it

无论如何，你成功了，唱吧

Together we made it (say we did it niggas)

同心协力，我们做到了(说我们做到了，黑家伙们)

We made it even though we had our backs up against the wall (come on)

我们做到了,尽管来之不易

Forever we waited (ah hah)

我们一直在等待

And they told us we were never gonna get it, but we took it on the road

他们曾说我们永远也得不到，但我们一路上做到了

To the riches (on the road)

致那些富人

To the ghetto (on the road)

致那些贫民

In the projects, to this bangin' instrumental (on the road)

按计划，致这首节奏强烈的歌

Rise with me (on the road)

和我一起起身吧

Come and get it (on the road)

起来得到它

Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah

我们在前几期的文章中曾经给大家简单介绍了关于网络编程中不同协议的使用情况与运行的原理问题。今天北京IT培训就继续来了解一下，关于网络编程中不同协议的状态连接问题。

1、为什么建立连接协议是三次握手,而关闭连接是四次挥手呢

这是因为服务端的LISTEN状态下的SOCKET收到SYN的请求连接时,可以把ACK和SYN(ACK起应答作用,而SYN起同步作用)放在一个报文里一起发送但是关闭连接时,当收到对方的FIN报文通知时,它仅仅表示对方没有数据发送了,但是另一方未必所有的数据都全部发送完全了,所以可能不会立马关闭SOCKET,也即你可能还需要发送一些数据给对方之后,再发送FIN报文给对方表示你同意现在关闭连接了,所以这里的

2、ACK报文和FIN报文是分开发送的

为什么不能用两次握手进行连接

在三次握手中,总共需要完成两个重要的功能,既要双方做好发送数据的准备工作(双方都知道彼此已经准备好),也要允许双方就初始序列号进行协商,这个序列号在握手过程中被发送和确认

现在把三次握手改成仅需要两次握手,是可能会发生死锁的考虑计算机客户端和服务端之间的通信,假定客户端给服务端发送一个连接请求分组,服务端收到了这个分组,并发送了确认应答分组按照两次握手的协定,服务端认为链接已经成功的建立了,可以开始发送数据分组可是,客户端在服务端的应答分组在传输中被丢失的情况下,将不会知道服务端是否已准备好,不知道服务端建立什么样的序列号,客户端甚至会怀疑服务端是否收到自己的连接请求分组在这种情况下,客户端认为连接还未建立成功,将忽略服务端发来的任何数据分组,只等待连接确认应答分组而服务端在发出的数据分组超时后,重复发送同样的数据分组,就形成了死锁

3、为什么TIME_WAIT状态需要等2MSL后才能返回到CLOSED状态

什么是MSLMSL即MaximumSegmentLifetime,也就是报文大生存时间'MSL是任何报文段被丢弃前在网络内的长时间'那么,2MSL也就是这个时间的两倍,当TCP连接完成四个报文段的交换时,主动关闭的一方将继续等待一定时间(2-4)分钟,即使两端的应用程序结束

4、为什么需要2MSL呢

一,虽然双方都同意关闭连接了,而且握手的四个报文也都协调和发送完毕,按理可以直接回到CLOSED状态(就好比从SYN_SEND状态到ESTABLISH状态那样);但是因为对方处于LAST_ACK状态下的SOCKET可能会因为超时未收到ACK报文,而重发FIN报文,所以这个TIME_WAIT状态的作用就是用来重发可能丢失的ACK报文

二,报文可能会被混淆,意思是说其他时候的连接可能会被当做本次的连接

当某个连接的一端处于TIME_WAIT状态时,该连接将不能再被使用事实上,对于我们比较有现实意义的是,这个端口将不能再被使用某个端口处于TIME_WAIT(其实应该是这个连接)状态时,这意味着这个TCP连接并没有断开(完全断开),那么如果你bind这个端口,就会失败对于服务器而言,如果服务器突然crash掉了,那么他将无法在2MSL内重新启动,因为bind会失败解决这个问题的一个方法就是设置SOCKET的SO_REUSEADDR选项这个选项意味着可以重用一个地址

当建立一个TCP连接时,服务端会继续用原有端口,同时用这个端口与客户端通信而客户端默认情况下会使用一个随机端口与服务端的端口通信有时候,为了服务端的安全性,我们需要对客户端进行验证,即限定某个IP的某个特定端口的客户端客户端可以使用bind来使用特定的端口对于服务端,当设置了SO_REUSEADDR选项时,它可以在2MSL内启动并listen成功但是对于客户端,当使用bind并设置SO_REUSEADDR时,如果在2MSL内启动,虽然bind会成功,但是在windows平台上connect会失败而在linux是哪个不存在这个问题

link

[liNk]

n

链环, 连结物, 火把, 链接

vt

连结, 联合, 挽

vi

连接起来

Link

链接

link

link 1

AHD:[l¹ngk]

DJ[li0k]

KK[l!0k]

n（名词）

One of the rings or loops forming a chain

环：组成链状物的环或节

A unit in a connected series of units:

环节：连接一系列单元的一个单元：

links of sausage; one link in a molecular chain

香肠串；分子链的一段

A unit in a transportation or communications system

环节：交通运输或信息传递系统中的一个单元

A connecting element; a tie or bond:

纽带，连接：连接的元素；联系或情结：

grandparents, our link with the past

祖辈们，我们与过去的纽带

An association; a relationship:

关联；关系：

The Alumnae Association is my link to the school's present administration

女校友协会是我和现在学校行政部门之间的纽带

A causal, parallel, or reciprocal relationship; a correlation:

联系：因果关系、平行关系或相互关系；依存关系：

Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease

研究人员发现了吸烟和心脏病之间的关系

A cuff link

袖口链扣

Abbr liA unit of length used in surveying, equal to 001 chain, 792 inches, or about 2012 centimeters

缩写 li令：测量用长度单位，等于001测链，792英寸或约等于2012厘米

A rod or lever transmitting motion in a machine

连杆：机器中传递运动的连杆或杠杆

Computer Science An identifying term attached to an element in a system to facilitate connection to other identified elements

计算机科学 网络节：和系统中的元素相联系的确定单位，用于和其他确定元素相联系

vtrintr（及物动词和不及物动词）

linked， linking， links

To connect or become connected with or as if with a linkSee Synonyms at join

用环连接：用或似用环连接或使连接起来参见 join

connect

[kE5nekt]

v

连接, 联合, 关连

connect

connect

AHD:[k…-nµkt“]

DJ[k6nekt]

KK[k6nWkt]

v（动词）

connected， connecting， connects

vtr（及物动词）

To join or fasten together

连接：连接或系在一起

To associate or consider as related:

联想：联系起来或认为有关：

no reason to connect the two eventsSee Synonyms at join

没有理由把这两件事联想在一起参见 join

To join to or by means of a communications circuit:

联络：用通讯工具联系或连接：

Please connect me to the number in San Diego

请给我接圣地亚哥这个电话号码

To plug in (an electrical cord or device) to an outlet

插入插座：把（电线或电器）插入插座

vintr（不及物动词）

To become joined or united:

连接的或联合的：

two streams connecting to form a river

两条小溪汇流成一条大河

To be scheduled so as to provide continuing service, as between airplanes or buses

衔接：通过编排以提供连续服务，例如飞机或公共汽车之间的衔接

To establish a rapport or relationship; relate:

建立关系：建立联系或关系；相关：

The candidate failed to connect with the voters

候选人无法与选民建立关系

Sports To hit or play a ball successfully:

体育运动 成功地打击：成功地击或打球：

The batter connected for a home run

打击者成功地击出全垒打

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