IT管理是什么？

IT英文是nformation Technology的缩写，通过翻译的意思就是“信息技术”，所谓信息技术又包括以下几方面：

信息技术的应用包括计算机硬件和软件，网络和通讯技术，应用软件开发工具等。

信息技术的研究包括科学，技术，工程以及管理等学科，这些学科在信息的管理，传递和处理中的应用，相关的软件和设备及其相互作用。

信息技术是主要用于管理和处理信息所采用的各种技术总称。它主要是应用计算机科学和通信技术来设计、开发、安装和实施信息系统及应用软件。它也常被称为信息和通信技术。

电脑硬件;其中就是在硬件存储、处理和传输的主机在网络上的通讯设备。

软件的话其实就是通过在哎网络的数据进行存储，检索、分析。涉及的东西实在是很广泛。其中包括企业资源计划、客户关系管理、供应链管理等管理软件。

应用，这里的应用的话就是对电脑也包括利用其它决策分析模型或借助DW/DM等技术手段来进一步提高分析的质量，辅助决策者作决策。

各种部门、职位英文翻译:

President 总裁

Vice-President 副总裁

Assistant VP 副总裁助理

Executive Marketing Director 市场行政总监

General Manager 总经理

Branch Manager 部门经理

Product Manager 产品经理

Project Manager 项目经理

Regional Manager 区域经理

Production Manager 生产经理

Transportation Manager 运输经理

Applications Programmer 应用软件程序员

Computer Operator 电脑 *** 作员

Computer Operations Supervisor 电脑 *** 作主管

Hardware Engineer 硬件工程师

Computer Technician 电脑技术员

MIS Manager 管理信息系统部经理

Developmental Engineer 开发工程师

Operations Analyst *** 作分析

Director of Information Services 信息服务主管

LAN Administrator 局域网管理员

Systems Analyst 系统分析

Manager of Network Administration 网络管理经理

Systems Engineer 系统工程师

Product Support Manager 产品支持经理

Systems Programmer 系统程序员

VP Sales 销售副总裁

VP Marketing 市场副总裁

Senior Account Manager 高级客户经理

Telemarketing Director 电话销售总监

Sales Administrator 销售主管

Telemarketer 电话销售员

Regional Sales Manager 地区销售经理

Tele-Interviewer 电话调查员

Regional Account Manager 地区客户经理

Salesperson 销售员

Sales Representative 销售代表

Merchandising Manager 采购经理

Sales Manager 销售经理

Marketing Consultant 市场顾问

Sales Executive 销售执行者

Marketing Assistant 市场助理

Sales Assistant 销售助理

Marketing and Sales Director 市场与销售总监

Retail Buyer 零售采购员

Market Research Analyst 市场调查分析员

Manufacturer’s Representative 厂家代表

Purchasing Agent 采购代理

Assistant Account Executive 客户管理助理

Marketing Manager 市场经理

Advertising Manager 广告经理

Marketing Intern 市场实习

Advertising Coordinator 广告协调员

Marketing Director 市场总监

Advertising Assistant 广告助理

Account Manager 客户经理

Account Representative 客户代表

Accounting Payable Clerk 应付帐款文员

Accounting Assistant 会计助理

Accounting Manager 会计经理

Accounts Receivable Clerk 应收帐款文员

Accounting Clerk 会计文员

Certified Public Accountant 注册会计师

Senior Accountant 高级会计

Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官

Audit Manager 审计经理

Collections Officer 收款负责人

Actuarial Analyst 保险分析员

Auditor 审计师

Junior Accountant 初级会计

Loan Administrator 贷款管理员

Management Accountant 管理会计

Billing Clerk 票据文员

Billing Supervisor 票据管理员

Bookkeeper 档案管理

Staff Auditor 审计员

Bookkeeping Clerk 档案管理助理

Budget Analyst 预算分析

Tax Accountant 税务会计

Credit Analyst 信用分析

Credit Manager 信用管理经理

Vice-President of Administration and Finance 财务行政副总裁

Financial Analyst 财务分析

Vice-President of Finance 财务副总裁

Financial Consultant 财务顾问

Financial Manager 财务经理

Financial Planner 财务计划员

VP HR 人力资源副总裁

Assistant VP HR 人力资源副总裁助理

HR Director 人力资源总监

Compensation & Benefit Manager 薪酬福利经理

Staffing Manager 招聘经理

Training Manager 培训经理

Benefits Coordinator 员工福利协调员

Employer Relations Representative 员工关系代表

Payroller 工资专员

Training Coordinator 培训协调员

Training Specialist 培训专员

HR Supervisor (Training) 培训主管

Vice-President of Administration 行政副总裁

Administrative Director 行政总监

Office Manager 办公室经理

File Clerk 档案管理员

Administration Assistant 行政助理

Receptionist 接待员

General Office Clerk 办公室文员

Secretary 秘书

Order Entry Clerk 订单输入文员

Operator 接线员

Typist 打字员

visiting professor 客座教授

计算机/互联网/通讯 Technology/Internet

首席技术执行官 CTO/VP Engineering

技术总监/经理 Technical Director/Manager

信息技术经理 IT Manager

信息技术主管 IT Supervisor

信息技术专员 IT Specialist

项目经理/主管 Project Manager/Supervisor

项目执行/协调人员 Project Specialist / Coordinator

系统分析员 System Analyst

高级软件工程师 Senior Software Engineer

软件工程师 Software Engineer

系统工程师 System Engineer

高级硬件工程师 Senior Hardware Engineer

硬件工程师 Hardware Engineer

通信技术工程师 Communications Engineer

ERP技术/应用顾问 ERP Technical/Application Consultant

数据库工程师 Database Engineer

技术支持经理 Technical Support Manager

技术支持工程师 Technical Support Engineer

品质经理 QA Manager

信息安全工程师 Information Security Engineer

软件测试工程师 Software QA Engineer

硬件测试工程师 Hardware QA Engineer

测试员 Test Engineer

网站营运经理/主管 Web Operations Manager/Supervisor

网络工程师 Network Engineer

系统管理员/网管 System Manager/Webmaster

网页设计/制作 Web Designer/Production

技术文员/助理 Technical Clerk/Assistant

销售 Sales

销售总监 Sales Director

销售经理 Sales Manager

区域销售经理 Regional Sales Manager

客户经理 Sales Account Manager

渠道/分销经理 Channel/Distribution Manager

渠道主管 Channel Supervisor

销售主管 Sales Supervisor

销售代表 Sales Representative / Executive

销售工程师 Sales Engineer

医药代表 Pharmaceutical Sales Representative

保险代理 Insurance Agent

销售助理 Sales Assistant / Trainee

商务经理 Business Manager

商务专员/助理 Business Executive/Assistant

销售行政经理 Sales Admin Manager

销售行政主管 Sales Admin Supervisor

售前/售后技术服务经理 Technical Service Manager

售前/售后技术服务主管 Technical Service Supervisor

售前/售后技术服务工程师 Technical Service Engineer

售后/客户服务（非技术）经理 Customer Service Manager

售后/客户服务（非技术）主管 Customer Service Supervisor

售后/客户服务（非技术）专员 Customer Service Executive

经销商 Distributor

市场/公关/广告 Marketing/PR/Advertising

市场/广告总监 Marketing/Advertising Director/VP

市场/营销经理 Marketing Manager

市场/营销主管 Marketing Supervisor

市场/营销专员 Marketing Executive/Communication

市场助理 Marketing Assistant / Trainee

产品/品牌经理 Product/Brand Manager

产品/品牌主管 Product/Brand Supervisor

市场通路经理 Trade Marketing Manager

市场通路主管 Trade Marketing Supervisor

促销经理 Promotions Manager

促销主管 Promotions Supervisor

促销员 Promotions Specialist

市场分析/调研人员 Market Analyst/ Research Analyst

公关/会务经理 Public Relations Manager

公关/会务主管 Public Relations Supervisor

公关/会务专员 Public Relations Executive

媒介经理 Media Manager

媒介人员 Media Specialist

企业/业务发展经理 Business Development Manager

企业策划人员 Corporate Planning

广告策划/设计/文案 Advertising Creative/Design/Copy writer

财务/审计/统计/金融 Finance/Accounting/Banking

财务总监 CFO/Finance Director/VP

财务经理 Finance Manager

财务主管/总帐主管 Finance Supervisor

会计经理/会计主管 Accounting Manager/Supervisor

会计 Accountant / Accounting Trainee

出纳员 Cashier

财务/会计助理 Finance/Accounting Assistant

财务分析经理/主管 Financial Analysis Manager/Supervisor

财务分析员 Financial Analyst

成本经理/成本主管 Cost Accounting Manager/Supervisor

成本管理员 Cost Accounting Specialist

审计经理/主管 Audit Manager/Supervisor

审计专员/助理 Audit Executive/Assistant

税务经理/税务主管 Tax Manager/Supervisor

税务专员 Tax Executive

证券经纪人 Stock Broker

投资顾问 Investment Advisor

注册分析师 Certified Investment/Financial Analyst

投资/基金项目经理 Investment Manager

融资经理/融资主管 Treasury Manager/Supervisor

融资专员 Treasury Specialist

行长/副行长 President/Vice-President/Branch Manager

风险控制 Risk Management

进出口/信用证结算 Trading / LC Officer

清算人员 Settlement Officer

外汇主管 Foreign Exchange Supervisor

高级客户经理/客户经理 Senior Relationship Manager

客户主管/专员 RelationshipSupervisor/Executive

信贷/信用调查/分析人员 Loan/Credit Officer

银行柜台出纳 Bank Teller

统计员 Statistician

生产/营运/工程 Manufacturing/Operations/Engineering

工厂经理/厂长 Plant/Factory Manager

总工程师/副总工程师 Chief Engineer

项目经理/主管 Project Manager/Supervisor

项目工程师 Project Engineer

营运经理 Operations Manager

营运主管 Operations Supervisor

生产经理/车间主任 Production Manager/Workshop Supervisor

生产计划协调员 Production Planning Executive/Officer

生产主管/督导/领班 Production Supervisor/Team Leader

技术/工艺设计经理/主管 Technical/Industrial Design Mgr/Spvr

技术/工艺设计工程师 Technical/Industrial Design Engineer

实验室负责人/工程师 Lab Manager/Engineer

工程/设备经理 Engineering/Facility Manager

工程/设备主管 Engineering/Facility Supervisor

工程/设备工程师 Engineering/Facility Engineer

电气/电子工程师 Electrical/Electronics Engineer

机械工程师 Mechanical Engineer

机电工程师 Electrical & Mechanical Engineer

维修工程师 Maintenance Engineer

质量经理 QA Manager

质量主管 QA Supervisor

质量工程师 QA Engineer

质量检验员/测试员 QA Inspector

认证工程师 Certification Engineer

安全/健康/环境经理/主管 Safety/Health/Environment Manager/Supervisor

安全/健康/环境工程师 Safety/Health/Environment Engineer

工程绘图员 Project Drafting Specialist

机械制图员 Drafting Specialist

化验员 Laboratory Technician

技工 Technician / Engineer Trainee

电工 Electrician

服装打样/制版 Clothing/Apparel Sample Production

行政/人事/后勤 Admin/HR/Support Services

行政/人事总监 Admin/Human Resources Director

人事经理 Human Resources Manager

人事主管 Human Resources Supervisor

人事专员 Human Resources Specialist

人事助理 Human Resources Assistant

招聘经理/主管 Recruiting Manager/Supervisor

薪资福利经理/主管 Compensation & Benefits Mgr/Supervisor

薪资福利专员/助理 Compensation & Benefits Specialist/Assistant

培训经理/主管 Training Manager/Supervisor

培训专员/助理 Training Specialist/Assistant

行政经理/主管/办公室主任 Admin Manager/Supervisor/Office Manager

行政专员/助理 Admin Staff/Assistant

经理助理/秘书 Executive Assistant/Secretary

前台接待/总机 Receptionist

后勤 Office Support

资料管理员 Information / Data Management Specialist

电脑 *** 作员/打字员 Computer Operator/Typist

高级管理 Senior Management

首席执行官/总经理 CEO/GM/President

副总经理 Deputy GM/VP/Management Trainee

总监 Director

合伙人 Partner

总裁/总经理助理 CEO/GM/President Assistant

物流/贸易/采购 Logis/Trading/Merchand/Purch

物流经理 Logistics Manager

物流主管 Logistics Supervisor

物流专员/助理 Logistics Specialist/Assistant

物料经理 Materials Manager

物料主管 Materials Supervisor

采购经理 Purchasing Manager

采购主管 Purchasing Supervisor

采购员 Purchasing Specialist/Staff

外贸/贸易经理/主管 Trading Manager/Supervisor

外贸/贸易专员/助理 Trading Specialist/Assistant

业务跟单经理 Merchandiser Manager

高级业务跟单 Senior Merchandiser

业务跟单 Merchandiser

助理业务跟单 Assistant Merchandiser

仓库经理/主管 Warehouse Manager

仓库管理员 Warehouse Specialist

运输经理/主管 Distribution Manager/Supervisor

报关员 Customs Specialist

单证员 documentation Specialist

船务人员 Shipping Specialist

快递员 Courier

理货员 Warehouse Stock Management

文字/艺术/设计 Writer/Editor/Creative Artist/Designer

编辑/作家/撰稿人 Editor/Writer

记者 Journalist / Reporter

校对/录入 Proofreader/Data Entry Staff

排版设计 Layout Designer

艺术/设计总监 Creative/Design Director

影视策划/制作人员 Entertainment Planning / Production

导演 Director

摄影师 Photographer

音效师 Recording / Sounds Specialist

演员/模特/主持人 Actor/Actress/Model/MC

平面设计/美术设计 Graphic Artist/Designer

纺织/服装设计 Clothing / Apparel Designer

工业/产品设计 Industrial Designer

工艺品/珠宝设计 Artwork/Jewelry Designer

服务 Service

美容/健身顾问 Exercise Coach/Fitness Trainer

餐饮/娱乐经理 Banquet Services Manager

宾馆/酒店经理 Reception Manager

领班 Supervisor

服务员 Service Staff

营业员/收银员/理货员 Shop Clerk/Salesperson

厨师 Chief/Cook

导游 Tour Guide

司机 Chauffeur/Driver

保安 Security

寻呼员/话务员 Paging Operator

建筑/房地产 Construction/Real Estate

建筑工程师 Architect

结构/土建工程师 Structural Engineer

电气工程师 Electrical Engineer

给排水/暖通工程师 Drainage/HVAC Engineer

工程造价师/预结算 Budgeting Specialist

建筑工程管理 Construction Management

工程监理 Engineering Project Supervisor

室内外装潢设计 Decorator

城市规划与设计 Urban Design/Planning

建筑制图 CAD Drafter

施工员 Construction Crew

房地产开发/策划 Real Estate Development/Planning

房地产评估 Real Estate Appraisal

房地产中介/交易 Real Estate Agent/Broker

物业管理 Property Management

IT管理是在企业管理中有序地、有目的地运用IT技术及协调资源达到企业目标的过程，目的是以较低的成本形成完善的IT管理系统，为业务部门提供优异的IT服务，从而提高企业生产效率，避免日常运营风险。除了IT管理系统，IT部门还主要包括企业IT管理决策者和IT管理人员。

根据IT管理系统运营阶段的特点，IT管理具体可以分为运行/维护、服务/支持、优化/变更这三大部分。运行/维护是IT部门内部的日常运营管理；服务/支持是IT管理者向其他人员提供服务和支持；优化/变更主要是对IT管理系统优化、软件升级、设备配置和管理策略变更进行的管理。

企业IT管理决策者主要负责IT战略规划，需要为企业选择合适的IT部署方案，例如如何选择满足员工需求的设备、如何管理设备、何时升级IT管理系统、如何合理安排IT管理者岗位等等问题，这些都需要决策者提前做好完善的规划，以便提供更符合业务需求的IT服务，助力企业顺利发展。Intel vPro是为企业打造的商用PC平台，旨在提供高性能、高安-全性、高可管理性和高稳定性的全新PC技术以满足IT管理系统、IT管理者和员工的需求。

IT管理的工作较为繁杂，需要向企业内部和外部人员提供服务和支持，包括维护相关设备、存储管理企业数据等一系列工作。尤其如今处在后疫情时代，居家办公成为了大趋势，这更是增加了IT管理者的工作压力。在这方面，Intel vPro的AMT让IT管理系统跨越空间距离，管理更多PC设备群。内置的Hardware Shield能更好地为IT管理系统中的每台PC提供防御保护。搭载新一代vPro处理器的设备，也拥有更强性能和更稳定的硬件保障。

IT管理是什么？在数字化转型时代，它是企业中愈加重要的角色，要求决策者选择合适的商用PC平台、形成可靠的IT管理系统。完善的IT管理系统不仅能简化流程、减轻IT管理者的压力，对企业未来的持续发展也都有着不可小觑的作用。

Risk management in the IT industry

Every organization has a mission In this digital era, as organizations use automated information technology (IT) systems to process their information for better support of their missions, risk management plays a critical role in protecting an organization’s information assets, and therefore its mission, from IT-related risk

Risk management is the process that allows IT managers to balance the operational and economic costs of protective measures and achieve gains in mission capability by protecting the IT systems and data that support their organizations’ missions This process is not unique to the IT environment; indeed it pervades decision-making in all areas of our daily lives

An effective risk management process is an important component of a successful IT security program The principal goal of an organization’s risk management process should be to protect the organization and its ability to perform their mission, not just its IT assets Therefore, the risk management process should not be treated primarily as a technical function carried out by the IT experts who operate and manage the IT system, but as an essential management function of the organization

So, who should be involved in risk management of an organization

Personnel who should support and participate in the risk management process are:-

• Senior Management Senior management, under the standard of due care and

ultimate responsibility for mission accomplishment, must ensure that the necessary resources are effectively applied to develop the capabilities needed to accomplish the mission They must also assess and incorporate results of the risk assessment activity into the decision making process An effective risk management program that assesses and mitigates IT-related mission risks requires the support and involvement of senior management

• Chief Information Officer (CIO) The CIO is responsible for the agency’s IT

planning, budgeting, and performance including its information security components Decisions made in these areas should be based on an effective risk management program

• System and Information Owners The system and information owners are responsible for ensuring that proper controls are in place to address integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the IT systems and data they own Typically the system and information owners are responsible for changes to their IT systems The system and information owners must therefore understand their role in the risk management process and fully support this process

• Business and Functional Managers The managers responsible for business

operations and IT procurement process must take an active role in the risk

management process These managers are the individuals with the authority and

responsibility for making the trade-off decisions essential to mission accomplishment Their involvement in the risk management process enables the achievement of proper security for the IT systems, which, if managed properly, will provide mission effectiveness with a minimal expenditure of resources

• ISSO Information System Security Officer and computer security officers are responsible for their organizations’ security programs, including risk management Therefore, they play a leading role in introducing an appropriate, structured methodology to help identify, evaluate, and minimize risks to the IT systems that support their organizations’ missions

• IT Security Practitioners IT security practitioners (eg, network, system,

application, and database administrators; computer specialists; security analysts;

security consultants) are responsible for proper implementation of security

requirements in their IT systems As changes occur in the existing IT system

environment (eg, expansion in network connectivity, changes to the existing

infrastructure and organizational policies, introduction of new technologies), the IT

security practitioners must support or use the risk management process to identify and assess new potential risks and implement new security controls as needed to

safeguard their IT systems

• Security Awareness Trainers (Security/Subject Matter Professionals) The

organization’s personnel are the users of the IT systems Use of the IT systems and

data according to an organization’s policies, guidelines, and rules of behavior is critical to mitigating risk and protecting the organization’s IT resources To minimize risk to the IT systems, it is essential that system and application users be provided with security awareness training Therefore, the IT security trainers or security/subject matter professionals must understand the risk management process so that they can develop appropriate training materials and incorporate risk assessment into training programs to educate the end users

Most organizations have tight budgets for IT security; therefore, IT security spending must be reviewed as thoroughly as other management decisions A well-structured risk management methodology, when used effectively, can help management identify appropriate controls for providing the mission-essential security capabilities

Risk management encompasses three processes: risk assessment, risk mitigation, and evaluation and assessment

Risk assessment is the first process in the risk management methodology Organizations use risk assessment to determine the extent of the potential threat and the risk associated with an IT system throughout its SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) The risk assessment methodology encompasses nine primary steps, which are

• Step 1System Characterization

• Step 2Threat Identification

• Step 3Vulnerability Identification

• Step 4Control Analysis

• Step 5Likelihood Determination

• Step 6Impact Analysis

• Step 7Risk Determination

• Step 8Control Recommendations , and

• Step 9Results Documentation

Risk mitigation, the second process of risk management, involves prioritizing, evaluating, and implementing the appropriate risk-reducing controls recommended from the risk assessment process

When control actions must be taken, the following rule applies:

Address the greatest risks and strive for sufficient risk mitigation at the lowest cost, with minimal impact on other mission capabilities

The following risk mitigation methodology describes the approach to control implementation:

• Step 1Prioritize Actions

Based on the risk levels presented in the risk assessment report, the implementation

actions are prioritized

• Step 2Evaluate Recommended Control Options

The controls recommended in the risk assessment process may not be the most

appropriate and feasible options for a specific organization and IT system The objective is to select the most appropriate control option for minimizing risk

• Step 3Conduct Cost-Benefit Analysis

To aid management in decision making and to identify cost-effective controls, a cost benefit analysis is conducted

• Step 4Select Control

On the basis of the results of the cost-benefit analysis, management determines the

most cost-effective control(s) for reducing risk to the organization’s mission The

controls selected should combine technical, operational, and management control

elements to ensure adequate security for the IT system and the organization

• Step 5Assign Responsibility

Appropriate persons (in-house personnel or external contracting staff) who have the

appropriate expertise and skill-sets to implement the selected control are identified,

and responsibility is assigned

• Step 6Develop a Safeguard Implementation Plan

During this step, a safeguard implementation plan (or action plan) is developed The plan should, at a minimum, contain the following information:

– Risks and associated risk levels

– Recommended controls

– Prioritized actions (with priority given to items with Very High and High risk

levels)

– Selected planned controls (determined on the basis of feasibility, effectiveness,

benefits to the organization, and cost)

– Required resources for implementing the selected planned controls

– Lists of responsible teams and staff

– Start date for implementation

– Target completion date for implementation

–Maintenance requirements

• Step 7Implement Selected Control(s)

Depending on individual situations, the implemented controls may lower the risk

level but not eliminate the risk

In implementing the above recommended controls to mitigate risk, an organization should consider technical, management, and operational security controls, or a combination of such controls, to maximize the effectiveness of controls for their IT systems and organization Security controls, when used appropriately, can prevent, limit, or deter threat-source damage to an organization’s mission

And now we come to the last process but not the least, EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT

In most organizations, the network itself will continually be expanded and updated, its components changed, and its software applications replaced or updated with newer versions In addition, personnel changes will occur and security policies are likely to change over time These changes mean that new risks will surface and risks previously mitigated may again become a concern Thus, the risk management process is ongoing and evolving

To put in a nutshell, a successful risk management program will rely on

(1) senior management’s commitment;

(2) the full support and participation of the IT team ;

(3) the competence of the risk assessment team, which must have the expertise to apply the risk assessment methodology to a specific site and system, identify mission risks, and provide cost-effective safeguards that meet the needs of the organization;

(4) the awareness and cooperation of members of the user community, who must follow procedures and comply with the implemented controls to safeguard the mission of their organization; and

(5) an ongoing evaluation and assessment of the IT-related mission risks

Thank you very much for your attention!

上述内容的大体意思如下：

1、2、3 段：数字化时代，企业和组织的运作已离不开IT系统，因此对它的风险管理变得非常重要。风险管理就是找到维护系统安全与费用开销平衡的手段。一个有效的风险管理是维护系统的安全 *** 作来完成企业的目标而不是仅仅维护IT资产；因此必须将它视为一个主要的管理功能来对待。

4、5、6段：这里列举与风险管理挂钩的人员与部门，并强调要有良好的方法来发挥有限的管理预算，才能有效地达到目的。

7、8、9、10、11段：IT风险管理涵盖三大步骤：风险评估、风险缓解及评价与判断。风险评估通过9个步骤来判定在IT系统的发展寿命周期中的所有风险和其严重性，然后做出控制选择。风险缓解是阐述如何以最低的花费来达到最高的效果，这里列举了7个步骤。第三就是评价与判断；随着时间的转移，多数企业的网络都会扩容或更新，软硬件也会更换或升级，人员的调整及安全措施的改变，这些都会产生新的风险。因此，风险管理是永无休止和不停进展的。

12段：最后总结，一个成功的风险管理计划有5个重点：1高层的决心；2IT队伍的全力支持及参与；3风险评估队的专业能力；4 使用人员按规定 *** 作；5 不停的对IT风险作评估与判断。

参考资料：

所谓ERP是英文Enterprise Resource Planning(企业资源计划)的简写。

是指建立在信息技术基础上，以系统化的管理思想，为企业决策层及员工提供决策运行手段的管理平台。ERP系统集中信息技术与先进的管理思想於一身，成为现代企业的运行模式，反映时代对企业合理调配资源，最大化地创造社会财富的要求，成为企业在信息时代生存、发展的基石。

OA是OFFICE AUTOMATION的缩写，本意为利用技术的手段提高办公的效率，进而实现办公的自动化处理。采用Internet/Intranet技术，基于工作流的概念，使企业内部人员方便快捷地共享信息，高效地协同工作；改变过去复杂、低效的手工办公方式，实现迅速、全方位的信息采集、信息处理，为企业的管理和决策提供科学的依据。一个企业实现办公自动化的程度也是衡量其实现现代化管理的标准。OA从最初的以大规模采用复印机等办公设备为标志的初级阶段，发展到今天的以运用网络和计算机为标志的现阶段，对企业办公方式的改变和效率的提高起到了积极的促进作用。

OA软件解决企业的日常管理规范化、增加企业的可控性、提高企业运转的效率的基本问题，范围涉及日常行政管理、各种事项的审批、办公资源的管理、多人多部门的协同办公、以及各种信息的沟通与传递。可以概括的说，OA软件跨越了生产、销售、财务等具体的业务范畴，更集中关注于企业日常办公的效率和可控性，是企业提高整体运转能力不可缺少的软件工具。

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