什么叫祈使句

什么叫祈使句,第1张

句子结构 sentence patterns (意指结构)是指包括的5类:

一: S+V (主+谓) i do 我愿意

二: S+V+P (主+谓+表) i am beautiful 我很漂亮

三: S+V+O (主+谓+宾)i love you 我爱你

四: S+V+o+O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)i want to give you a book 我想给你一本书

五: S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补) it made me happy 它让我快乐

可见,这五种都可以单独成为一个简单句 ,而复合句或者并列句就是简单句 加上特殊的词---连词(and ,but,or )或者引导词(what,which,who,where,that 等等)

而sentence types指种类有两种分类 陈述句,疑问句,感叹句,祈使句 ,接着进一步分为简单句 并列句 复合句 并列复合句

Declarative 陈述句

---Pick up that mess



Interrogative 疑问句

--How long have you lived in France



Exclamatory 感叹句

--Hurry up!

All of these sentence types further fall into four basic sentence type categories in English 这些句式又被进一步划分为4类

Simple 简单句

---Frank ate his dinner quickly

Compound 并列句

--I wanted to come, but it was late

Complex 复合句

--That's the man who bought our house

Compound - Complex 并列复合句

---John, who briefly visited last month, won the prize, and he took a short vacation

discontinuity:停顿;cleft sentence:句型分析;pseudo-deft sentence 假拟分裂句

分裂句是以it 为引导的强调句型,你做的这个题是要改成强调句。

例如:

I told him the news yesterday

It is I that told him the news yesterday

汉语祈使句

祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令别人做或不做一件事。

祈使句的句末一般用感叹号,但是有些祈使句的语气较弱,可以用句号结尾。

祈使句可以用语气词“吧”作结,也可以不用语气词。

祈使句可以表示命令、请求、禁止、劝阻等。

表示命令的祈使句

例如:“保持肃静!”;“起立!”

表示请求的句式通常是“请……”。

例如:“请等我一会。”

表示禁止的句式有:“不准……”、“不要……”、“别……” 等。

例如 :「此处不准停车 !」

表示劝阻的句式通常是「请勿……」。

例如:「请勿在车厢内饮食。」

[编辑本段]表示各种意思的中文祈使句

祈使句是表示要对方做或不做某事、带有祈使语气的句子。

(一)祈使句的语调特点

1、语音强度一般比陈述句重,书面上用叹号表示。

2、句末用降调,较长句子的后半部分几个音节速度加快。

(二)祈使句的语气词

祈使句主要依靠语气来表达,有时也借助语气词“吧、啊(呀、哇、哪)”等表达。例如:

找个凳子坐下吧!

让他走吧!

可得抓紧时间啊!

大家快过来呀!

你可得好好干哪!

(三)祈使句的种类

根据祈使句的语用意义和语气的强弱,祈使句可以分为四类:

1、表示命令的祈使句

表示命令的祈使句都带有强制性,要求对方必须服从,言辞肯定,态度严肃。例如:

立定!

站起来!

让他进来!

快去救火!

2、表示请求的祈使句

与表示命令的祈使句相比惹眼不能ujukioopoftmiopinionhktiokoghktokhkopfg那种想法,表示请求的祈使句的语气要舒缓一些,可以使用语气词“吧、啊”,主语可以出现,也可以不出现。

例如:

请给我们多提意见!

您请坐啊!

这个问题你来回答吧!

帮帮我的忙吧!

3、表示禁止的祈使句

表示禁止的祈使句明确表示禁止对方做什么事情,言辞强硬,态度坚决,不用语气词。

例如:

别动!

不许胡说!

此处不准吸烟!

你不要去!

谁也不要随便说话!

4、表示劝阻的祈使句

表示劝阻的祈使句语调比较平缓,常用语气词“吧、啊”。

例如:

要好好听老师的话啊!

你们几个休息一会儿吧!

大家都少说几句吧!

你们可别拿他开玩笑了!

英语祈使句(Imperative Sentence)

定义:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。

祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束。例:

Go and wash your hands

(去洗你的手。——命令)

Be quiet, please(Please be quiet)

(请安静。——请求)

Be kind to our sister

(对姊妹要和善。——劝告)

Watch your steps

(走路小心。——警告)

Look out!Danger!

(小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句)

Keep off the grass

(勿践草坪。——禁止)

No parking

(禁止停车。——禁止)

祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,例如:

You go and tell him, Chris (克立斯你去告诉他。)

二、相关口令

祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去;

动词原形谓语当, 句首加don't否定变;

朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。

三、表现形式

●肯定结构:

1 Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here 请这边坐。

有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please = Go this way, please 请这边走。

2 Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!

3 Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you 让我来帮你。

●否定结构:

1 Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!

Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!

2 Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go / Let him not go 别让他走。

3 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!

练习:

将下列汉语翻译成英语。

1 请照看好您的包。 ___________________

2 让我们去学校吧! ___________________!

3 亲爱的,高兴点儿! ___________________!

4 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________

5 不要让猫进来。 ___________________

Key:

1 Please look after your bag 2 Let's go to school

3 Be glad, dear 4 Don't put the book here

5 Don't let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in

"let"带头的祈使句

由"let"带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型,它的主要用法有下列三种:

1表示“建议”。

这个句型里的"let"后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语,如:

(1) Let me try

(2) Let's do it

(3) Let me go and look for it

这个句型语气委婉,比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b:

(4) a Don't disturb him

b Let's not disturb him

(a)是直接命令,语气强烈,不如(b)温柔悦耳。

2表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。

这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词,如:

(5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department

(6) Let her join our choir

3表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。

这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外,有时还语带讽刺,如:

(7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own

(8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time

用"let"的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点:

一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let"(见例(9));如果宾语是第一人称,则用"Letnot" (见例(10)):

(9) Don't let this type of things happen again

(10) It's raining now Let's not go out until after the rain

二、"Let"只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如:

(11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison

(12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted

三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out, in, down, alone等:

(13) Let the puppy out

(14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in

(15) The room is too sunny Let the blinds down

(16) Let me alone, please

四、用"Let's"时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用"Let us"时,并不包括对方,如:

(17) Let's try it, shall we

(18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you

从(17)里的"shall we"和(18)里的"will you",不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或者句号,用降调。

1含有第二人称主语的祈使句

Be careful!小心!

Don''t make such a noise不要这么吵。

1肯定的祈使句

a句型:动词原形~(省略主语)

Stand up起立。

Be quiet,please请安静。

b有时,为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加do

Do sit down

务必请坐。

Do study hard

一定要努力学习。

比较

祈使句和陈述句陈述句:

You sit down

你坐下来。

祈使句:

Sit down坐下

(省略主语you)

c用客气的语气表示祈使句时,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please,那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“,”。

Go this way,please

请这边走。

d祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号“,”隔开,放在句首或句尾。

Li Ming,come here

李明,过来。

Come here,Li Ming

过来,李明。

2否定的祈使句

句型:Don''t +动词原形~

Don''t swim in the river

别在河里游泳。

Don''t be late别迟到。

Please don''t be noisy

请不要大声喧哗。

注意

表示禁止时,尤其是标语等也可用“No+名词/动名词”来表示。

No smoking!

禁止吸烟!

No parking!

禁止停车!

No entry!

不准入内!

No litter!

不准乱扔杂物!

[编辑本段]英语祈使句句型转换

祈使句与陈述句的改写

1.祈使句=You must …(陈述句)

Come here 过来。

=You must come here

你必须过来。

Don''t do that again

你一定不可以再那样做了。

2.Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ~(陈述句)

Please help me 请帮帮我。

=Will you (please) help me

你愿意帮我的忙吗?

Come here on time ,please 请准时到这儿。

=Will you (please) come here on time

请你准时到好吗?

3含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句

Let''s say good-by here

我们在此道别吧。

Don''t let him do that again

别让他再那么做了。

1肯定的祈使句

句型:·Let+第一人称(me,us)~

·Let+第三人称代词(宾格:him,her,it,them)或名词~

Let''s go at once

咱们马上动身吧。

Let me try again

让我再试试。

Let Tom go there himself

让汤姆自己去那儿。

注意

Let''s包括对方,Let us不包括对方。反意疑问句时最明显。

Let''s go,shall we?

咱们去吧,怎么样?

Let us go,will you?

让我们去吧,行吗?

(征求对方的意见)

2否定的祈使句

句型:·Let''s(us,me)+not +动词原形~

·Don''t let +第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形

Let''s not say anything about it

对于这件事,咱们什么也不要说。

Don''t let them play with fire

别让他们玩火。

句型转换

祈使句有时相当一个“if”引导的条件状语从句

祈使句:Use your head and you''ll find a way

条件句:If you use your head,you''ll find a way

注意

回答Let''s~的反意疑问句句型时,肯定时用Yes,let''s否定时用NO,let''s not

祈使句变反意疑问句的方法:

祈使句后的反意疑问句形式

a,Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议,简短问句的主语用 we表示,问句用 shall we或 shan't we 如: Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we)

b,Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求,问句用 will you或 won't you

Let me have a rest , will you (won't you )

c,其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些

如:Have a rest , will you

Stand up , will (won't) you

simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought

The most basic type of sentence is the simple sentence, which contains only one clause A simple sentence can be as short as one word:

Run!

Usually, however, the sentence has a subject as well as a predicate and both the subject and the predicate may have modifiers All of the following are simple sentences, because each contains only one clause:

Melt!

Ice melts

The ice melts quickly

The ice on the river melts quickly under the warm March sun

Lying exposed without its blanket of snow, the ice on the river melts quickly under the warm March sun

As you can see, a simple sentence can be quite long -- it is a mistake to think that you can tell a simple sentence from a compound sentence or a complex sentence simply by its length

——————————The Compound Sentence

A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses (or simple sentences) joined by co-ordinating conjunctions like "and," "but," and "or":

Simple

Canada is a rich country

Simple

Still, it has many poor people

Compound

Canada is a rich country, but still it has many poor people

A compound sentence is most effective when you use it to create a sense of balance or contrast between two (or more) equally-important pieces of information

+++++++++++Special Cases of Compound Sentences

There are two special types of compound sentences which you might want to note First, rather than joining two simple sentences together, a co-ordinating conjunction sometimes joins two complex sentences, or one simple sentence and one complex sentence In this case, the sentence is called a compound-complex sentence:

compound-complex

The package arrived in the morning, but the courier left before I could check the contents

The second special case involves punctuation It is possible to join two originally separate sentences into a compound sentence using a semicolon instead of a co-ordinating conjunction:

Sir John A Macdonald had a serious drinking problem; when sober, however, he could be a formidable foe in the House of Commons

Usually, a conjunctive adverb like "however" or "consequently" will appear near the beginning of the second part, but it is not required:

The sun rises in the east; it sets in the west

The Complex Sentence

A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause Unlike a compound sentence, however, a complex sentence contains clauses which are not equal Consider the following examples:

Simple

My friend invited me to a party I do not want to go

Compound

My friend invited me to a party, but I do not want to go

Complex

Although my friend invited me to a party, I do not want to go

complex sentence is very different from a simple sentence or a compound sentence because it makes clear which ideas are most important When you write

My friend invited me to a party I do not want to go

or even

My friend invited me to a party, but I do not want to go

The reader will have trouble knowing which piece of information is most important to you When you write the subordinating conjunction "although" at the beginning of the first clause, however, you make it clear that the fact that your friend invited you is less important than, or subordinate, to the fact that you do not want to go

应该是 be counted as

“你算什么”应该口语化一点,是“Who are you” 说的时候口气加重。

其他的也是,不需要说“Is it counted as a sentence”有点繁琐,口语中一般不用,就是“Is it a sentence”语气同样加重。

并列句(Compound Sentence)

并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的。从语法上讲,所谓"并列"、"对等"是指任何一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思,谁也不从属于谁。尽管如此,这些主谓结构在意思或逻辑上有一定程度的内在联系。否则,它们就可能被分别写成简单句,而没有必要写在一起构成并列句了。在并列句中,要使两个或几个主谓结构(或者说,分句)连接在一起,就要用并列连词。并列连词用来连接平行对等(即互不从属)的分句。按其表示的不同意思有下面几种:

表示转折意思 : but , yet , however , nevertheless

例:Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself

一切都是身外之物,只用健康属于自己。

He has learned English for only one year, yet he can communicate with people in English 他才学一年英文,但已能用英文与人交往了。

John has his shortcomings; however, that doesn't mean he is not qualified for the job 约翰有缺点,但这不等于说他不胜任这份工作。

表示因果关系: or , so , therefore , hence

例:You'd better take an umbrella with you, for it's going to rain 要下雨了,你最好带把伞。

I've got a meeting to attend, so I have to go now 我要去开个会,我得走了。

You are in the right , therefore we should support you 你是对的,所以我们该支持你。

The town was built on the side of a hill, hence it's named Hillside 这个小镇建在山旁,所以叫"山旁"。

表示并列关系

and , or , either…or , neither / nor , not only…but (also), both…and , as well as

例:She came to my house yesterday evening, and Iwent to hers 昨晚她来我家了,我却去她家了。

Do it this way or you'll be in trouble 你就这么办,不然你会有麻烦的。

Either you tell him the truth , or I do it 不是你告诉他事实,就是我来告诉。

He doesn't know your address, neither / nor do I 他不知道你的地址,我也不知道。

复合句(Complex Sentence)

复合句明显地不同于简单句,因为它有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。从表面上看,它与并列句相似。其实不然,后者的几个主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的;而复合句中的主谓结构之间的关系不是并列的、对等的,其中只有一个主谓结构是主要的,其他的主谓结构都从属于那个主要的主谓结构。那个主要的主谓结构称作句子的主句(Main Clause);其他的主谓结构称作句子的从句或子句(Subordinate Clause)。

复合句里的从句种类较多,引起不同的从句要用不同的从属连词。关于从属连词的具体使用将在"从句"的有关章节里再作介绍。另外,这里所说的"从属"关系,是指从句只有和主句在一起才能有意义;从句若从主句那里独立出来就无法表达意义了。请看下列句子:

Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at moviesas well (状语从句)

许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话,所以他们认为在**院也可以如此。

Whether he comes or not doesn't make any differenceto me

(主语从句)他来与不来对我都一样。

There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured

(宾语从句)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。

China is not what it used to be (表语从句)中国不是它过去的样子了。

Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals

(同位语从句)有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品?

Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government

(定语从句)税款是人们支持政府而交的钱。

如果将上面所有的从句都独立出来,那将是这样的:

Because they talk at home while the television is on

Whether he comes or not

what money is and how money is measured

what it used to be

that the food of plant differs from that of animals

that people pay to support their government

由于上面这些句子既不是陈述句,也不是疑问句,所以它们无法独立地表达意思。这种情况就是与并列句的区别所在。如前面两个这样的并列句:

Do it this way or you'll be in trouble

Either you tell him the truth , or I do it

如果我们去掉这两句中的并列连词,它们就成了四个能独立表达意思的单句了:

Do it this way

you'll be in trouble

you tell him the truth

I do it

撇开首字母大小写和标点符号问题,从表达意义的角度讲,这四个句子是可以成立的。从上述的分析,我们还可以悟出这样的道理:

一、并列句中的并列连词纯粹似"粘合济",去掉后,被粘合的部分就分开独立了;而复合句中的从属连词则象一把"固定锁头",锁头与其所在的部分是不可以分开的。

二、从句其实是用来担当句子成分(除谓语外)的主谓结构,它的标志就是它句首的"锁头"--从属关系词。那么,我们在阅读时,凡是看到某个句子以关系词开头,就可大胆地断定这个句子不是主句,而只是句中的某个成分。这样做对提高我们的阅读能力是大有好处的。

以上就是关于sentence patterns and sentence types有什么区别全部的内容,包括:sentence patterns and sentence types有什么区别、discontinuity,cleft sentence and pseudo-cleft sentence 在英语语法上是什么意思啊、什么叫祈使句等相关内容解答,如果想了解更多相关内容,可以关注我们,你们的支持是我们更新的动力!

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