1Computer have already changed our life in many ways
计算机已经在很多方面改变了我们的生活。
2As far as we can see,the effects of computers on society go far deeper than online lifestyles
就目前我们看到的,计算机对社会的影响比网上的生活方式更深远。
3With the development of computer technology, and the progress we know and use them, we believe we can conquer the difficulties that computer bring
随着计算机技术的发展以及我们知道并应用的技术进展,我们相信我们可以克服任何计算机所带来的难题。
4Input devices are equipment that translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process
输入设备是把人类可理解的数据和程序翻译成计算机可处理的形式的设备。
5CPU controls and manipulates data to produce information
中央处理器控制并使用数据来产生信息。
6 The microprocessor is the heart of any normal computer, whether it is a desktop computer,a server or a laptop
微处理器是普通计算机的心脏,无论是桌面计算机,服务器还是笔记本计算机。
7The first microprocessor to bring computer home was the Intel 8086
第一个进入家庭的微处理器是英特尔8086
8Programs are instructions that tell the computer how to process data into the form you want
程序是告诉计算机如何处理数据以变成你需要的形式的指令。
9System software enables the application software to interact with the computer
系统软件使应用软件和计算机能够互动。
10The most important program that runs on a computer is the operating system
计算机上运行的最重要的程序是 *** 作系统。
不难。
简介:
计算机应用技术是计算机在高职高专(大专)层次的一个专业。
计算机应用技术专业培养具备管理学理论基础、计算机科学技术知识及应用能力,掌握信息管理、信息系统分析与设计方法等方面的知识与能力,能在各类企、事业单位、金融机构及政府部门从事信息采集、组织、分析、传播和服务等信息管理工作或与信息管理工作相关的信息系统规划、分析、设计、实施、运行管理和评价等方面的应用型人才。
专业课程:
1、Vf数据库应用主要讲授数据库的基本原理,数据库系统的组成;关系型数据库的特点、基本运算、数据组成;以Visual Foxpro为实例,学习数据库的设计和开发,掌握数据库的应用。
2、V B N E T程序设计本课程主要讲授V B N E T程序设计语言的集成开发环境、程序设计基础、窗体和基本输出输入、常用控件、工程和程序管理、应用程序的结构、菜单程序设计、窗体设计和文件处理等。
3、JAVA程序设计本课程主要讲授Java的语言规范、Java的编程技术及应用,主要内容有:Java基础、流程控制、方法、数组、面向对象程序设计基础、线程、图形用户界面设计等,使学生掌握用Java进行面向对象程序设计的基本方法。
4、网页制作本课程主要讲授网站的设计、编辑、修改、上传,主要应用DreamweaverMX2004及FireworksMX2004。其中DreamweaverMX2004是网页编辑软件,讲授其表格、框架、层等布局工具及超链接、CSS样式等相关知识, Fireworks是图形/图像处理软件,主要讲授静态的制作、处理及简单动态的制作。
5、FLASH动画制作主要讲授网页动画设计软件Flash的使用方法,使学生掌握这一交互式动画设计工具,并能够利用它将音乐、声效、动画以及富有新意的界面融合在一起,以制作出高品质的网页动态效果。
以下章节目前一套现代技术获取内部
quality质量 We should not, however, lose track of the global picture; the internal techniques我们不应该,但失却了全球图画;国内技术
are not an end in themselves, but a means to reach external software qualities本身不是目的,而是手段达到外部软件素质 So we must所以我们必须
start by looking at external factors从外部因素看 The rest of this chapter examines them其余本章审核
12 A REVIEW OF EXTERNAL FACTORS外部因素12回顾
Here are the most important external quality factors, whose pursuit is the central task of这里是最重要的外在质量因素,其中心任务是追求
object-oriented software construction面向对象的软件建设
Correctness is the prime quality正确性是首要素质 If a system does not do what it is supposed to do,如果一个制度不应该做些什么,
everything else about it — whether it is fast, has a nice user interface这一切大约无论是否快,具有良好的用户界面:: — matters little-弄
But this is easier said than done但这又谈何容易 Even the first step to correctness is already difficult:即使是正确的第一步已经困难:
we must be able to specify the system requirements in a precise form, by itself quite a我们必须能够确定系统所需的精确形式,本身相当
challenging task有挑战性的任务
Methods for ensuring correctness will usually be conditional办法通常是有条件保证正确性 A serious software严重软件
system, even a small one by today’s standards, touches on so many areas that it would be制,即使是一小现在的标准,涉及众多领域,将
impossible to guarantee its correctness by dealing with all components and properties on无法保证其正确性的所有成分和性能处理
a single level单平 Instead, a layered approach is necessary, each layer relying on lower ones:反之,一个层次的做法是必要的,每一层依靠较低的优点:
In the conditional approach to correctness, we only worry about guaranteeing that在有条件的正确性,我们只能保证担忧
each layer is correct on the assumption that the lower levels are correct每一层的假设是正确的下级是否正确 This is the only这是唯一
realistic technique, as it achieves separation of concerns and lets us concentrate at each现实技术,达到分离的关切,让我们每一集中
stage on a limited set of problems舞台一套有限的问题 You cannot usefully check that a program in a highlevel你不能有效遏制,在高档节目
language X is correct unless you are able to assume that the compiler on hand语言是正确的,除非你能乘假定编译警员
implements X correctly十大正确实施 This does not necessarily mean that you trust the compiler blindly,这并不意味着你的编译器盲目信任、
simply that you separate the two components of the problem: compiler correctness, and简单地说,你的问题分开两部分:编译正确性、
correctness of your program relative to the language’s semantics你们节目的相对正确性语言的语义
In the method described in this book, even more layers intervene: software在这本书中描述的方法,更是层层干预:软件
development will rely on libraries of reusable components, which may be used in many图书馆的发展将依靠重用组件,它可以用于许多
different applications不同应用
The conditional approach will also apply here: we should ensure that the libraries are有条件的也适用此办法:要确保图书馆
correct and, separately, that the application is correct assuming the libraries are正确,另外,假设是正确的,该申请图书馆
Many practitioners, when presented with the issue of software correctness, think许多医生在面对问题的软件正确性,认为
about testing and debugging有关测试和调试 We can be more ambitious: in later chapters we will explore我们可以更加雄心勃勃:我们将在以后的章节探索
a number of techniques, in particular typing and assertions, meant to help build software一些技巧,尤其打字和武断,用来帮助建设软件
that is correct from the start — rather than debugging it into correctness那是正确的,从开始到调试而非正确性 Debugging and调试
testing remain indispensable, of course, as a means of double-checking the result测试仍然必不可少,当然,作为手段双重检查结果
可能对NET 和 JAVA 企业战略构成威胁的其他战略
通过网络搜索以及分析,能对.NET和JAVA企业战略构成威胁的可能是智能网络战略
计算机的发展经过了PC时代到网络时代的演变,接下来的便是智能的时代的转变
也许人工智能对于大众并不是很陌生了,但它如今的发展并未到达人们想象中境界,在很多科幻**中列如机器人的战争,人与机器人生活等都是运用到了智能这个技术.但毕竟是人们想象的,要达到那种境界还需要很长的时间,就现在而言最简单的最必要的自然语言理解技术就还需要进一步发展。但肯定的是随着社会经济的发展,科技水平的提高。人工智能走入我们的生活并不遥远
NET and JAVA likely to pose a threat to other strategic corporate strategy Search and analyze the network can right NET and JAVA may pose a threat to the corporate strategy is the strategy of intelligent network Through the development of the PC era to the computer network changes of the times, and the next is the wisdom of changing times Perhaps artificial intelligence for the public is not very familiar, it is now the realm of development had not reached many people's minds, in many science fiction films such as robots out of war, people are living robots with the use of intelligent technology It is, after all, people have imagined that in order to achieve the kind of state also takes a very long time, it is now the most simple terms of a natural language understanding technology on the most essential need further development But certainly with the economic development, raise the scientific and technological level Artificial intelligence into our lives not far away
“人工智能”(Artificial Intelligence)简称AI。它是研究、开发用于模拟、延伸和扩展人的智能的理论、方法、技术及应用系统的一门新的技术科学。
人工智能研究如何用计算机去模拟、延伸和扩展人的智能;如何把计算机用得更聪明;如何设计和建造具有高智能水平的计算机应用系统;如何设计和制造更聪明的计算机以及智能水平更高的智能计算机等。
人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支,人工智能是计算机科学技术的前沿科技领域。
人工智能与计算机软件有密切的关系。一方面,各种人工智能应用系统都要用计算机软件去实现,另一方面,许多聪明的计算机软件也应用了人工智能的理论方法和技术。例如,专家系统软件,机器博弈软件等。但是,人工智能不等于软件,除了软件以外,还有硬件及其他自动化和通信设备。
人工智能虽然是计算机科学的一个分支,但它的研究却不仅涉及到计算机科学,而且还涉及到脑科学、神经生理学、心理学、语言学、逻辑学、认知(思维)科学、行为科学和数学以及信息论、控制论和系统论等许多学科领域。因此,人工智能实际上是一门综合性的交叉学科和边缘学科。
"Artificial intelligence" (Artificial Intelligence) called AI It is the research and development for simulation, and the extension of human intelligence theory, methods, technology and application of a new system of science and technology How to use computer simulation of artificial intelligence research, extension and human intelligence; How to use computers more intelligent; Intelligent design and construction of a high level of computer applications; How to design and create an even higher level of smart computers and intelligent smart computers Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, computer science and technology in the forefront of artificial intelligence technology It is closely related to artificial intelligence and computer software On one hand, all computer software used in artificial intelligence applications have to realize, on the other hand, are intelligent computer software application of the theory of artificial intelligence methods and techniques For example, the expert system software, game software and other machinery However, artificial intelligence software does not mean that, in addition to software, hardware and other automation and communication equipment Although artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, but it is not only related to the study of computer science, but also to brain science, neurophysiology, psychology, linguistics, logic, cognitive (thinking) scientific and behavioral sciences and mathematics and information theory, control and system theory and many other fields Therefore, the artificial intelligence is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary subjects of study
人工智能简称AI它虽然是计算机科学的一个分支,但它的研究却包含了很多学科,列如脑学科,神经生理学,心里学,语言学,逻辑学,思维学,行为学等很多种学科.因此,人工智能实际上是一门综合性的交叉学科和边缘学科。AI平台将首先应用到智能网络平台,形成智能服务器系统.
Although it is called AI Artificial Intelligence A branch of computer science, but it contains a lot of disciplines, as shown in brain science, neurophysiology, heart study, linguistics, logic, the study of thinking, behavior and so many disciplines Therefore, the artificial intelligence is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary subjects of study AI application platform will be the first intelligent network platform to create intelligent server system
社会一步一步的发展着,并且非常迅速,如今的计算机技术已经越来越无法满足现在的需求.所以说计算机的发展必将经历人工智能的演变.
谁能最先拥有此技术呢?拥有.NET的微软还是拥有JAVA的SUN 还是新生的其他IT公司?
一向喜欢垄断的微软据说早已进行人工智能的基础研发了.
在IT界中占有巨大分量的SUN又怎么能放过它?
那么就让我们拭目以待,迎接计算机新时代的洗礼.
Step by step with the development of society, and very quickly, today's computer technology has become increasingly unable to meet the demand So the computer's development will experience the evolution of artificial intelligence Who first possession of this technology Have NET or Microsoft or have newborn SUN JAVA other IT companies Like the Microsoft monopoly has already said that the basis for development of artificial intelligence In the IT sector also holds tremendous weight of the SUN how can it miss So let us wait and see, meet the test of the new era of the computer
意思是:I major in Computer Science
重点词汇:Computer
英[kəm'pju:tə(r)]
释义:
n计算机;电脑;电子计算机
[复数:computers]
短语:
personal computer个人电脑;个人计算机;人计算机;人电脑
词语使用变化:computer
n(名词)
1、computer的基本意思是“计算机”,也可译作“电脑”。
2、computer是可数名词。
词源解说:1640年左右进入英语,直接源自拉丁语的computare,意为计算,估计。
软件系统能够分为两大类:应用软件和系统软件。应用软件由执行特定于机器使用的任务的程序组成。与应用软件形成对比,系统软件包含大量的程序。这些程序启动计算机并且起作所有硬件组成部分和应用软件的主要协调者。没有系统软件装入你的计算机RAM中,你的硬件和应用软件就没有用。
The software system can be divided into two major parts:application software and system softwareApplication software is consist of programs of tasks which are performed specifically in machineCompared with application software,system software includes lots of programsThis kind of softwares start your computer and be the main coordinator between all the hardwares and application softwaresHardwares and application softwares will not work unless you install/load the system software into/in your RAM
系统软件可以分为三个基本部分: *** 作系统、实用程序软件和语言翻译程序。一个安装的大多数实用程序软件都是由一些程序组成,这些程序执行还未包括在OS 中,但对于计算机安装是基本的一些动作。在某种意义上,实用软件是由扩充OS能力的那些软件部件组成的。
The system software has three basic parts:the operating system,utility software and language processing proceduresAn installed utility software is usually composed of some programsThose executions of programs are not included in the operating system,but there are basic activities of the computer installationIn a sense,utility softwares is composed of those components that extending the function of operating system
计算机的OS是管理其活动的程序的主要集合。OS的主要日常工作是管理和控制,OS保证用户请求的所有动作都是正当的,并且以有序的方式被处理。它也管理计算机系统的资源以便有效和一致地执行这些 *** 作。
The computer OS is the main collection of managing its active programs The routine work of OS is management and control OS ensures that all the actions of user requests are allowable, and processed in an orderly way It also manages the computer system resources for the effective and consistent implementation of these operations
应用软件是一种软件,被设计来帮助你解决特定于业务的问题或执行特定的业务任务。于是应用软件是最接近于你的软件层,基本上有四类应用软件:生产软件,业务/专业软件,娱乐软件和教育软件/参考软件。
Application software is the software which is designed to help you solve your specific business problem or to perform specific business tasksSo the application software is the software layer closest to youAnd basically there are four types of application software: production software, business /professional software, entertainment software and educational software/reference software
手工翻译,就是这样~
-_-
当A出现时,其他路由器了解它通过媒介交流。为了简单起见我们假设有一个巨大的功是平衡的地方开始定期在所有的路由器矢量交流同时进行。在第一次交流时间,乙得知其左邻居零延迟到A
B现在使得在它的路由表项A是一跳距离到左边。所有其他路由器仍然认为,一个已关闭。在这一点上,对阿现图中的第二行显示的路由表项。 5-10(1)。在接下来的交流,ç得知B的长度为1的路径,因此更新其路由表来表示
路径长度为2,但D和E不直到后来听到这个好消息。显然,好消息是散布在每汇率跳率。在一个子网的最长路径长度为N啤酒花在n交流,每个人,会知道新恢复系和路由器。
现在让我们考虑图的情况。 5月10日(二),所有的线条和路由器初步建立。路由器乙,丙,丁,,E有距离的1,2,3 A和4分别。突然出现故障,或者,在A和B之间的线路被切断,这实际上是从B的角度来看,同样的事情。
在第一次分组交换,B没有听到答:幸运的是什么,C说:别担心,我有一个路径的长度为2。小乙不知道C的道路,通过B本身运行。对于所有B知道,C可能有10条线所有的长度为2一个单独的路径。因此,乙认为它可以达到通过C一个有3路径的长度。
D和E不更新阿的第一次交流作品。
在第二次交换,ç通知书,其每一个邻国,声称路径长度为3甲。它选取其中一个随机他们并提出新的路程,前往4,显示在图第三排。 5-10(b)项。随后的交流,产生其余的图所示的历史。 5-10(b)项。
从这个数字,应该很清楚,为什么坏消息传缓慢:没有路由器都具有一个以上的价值高于其所有邻国的最低。渐渐地,所有路由器的工作,跑的无穷大,但所需的交流人数为无穷使用的数值而定。为此,明智的做法是设置无穷最长的路径加1。
如果度量时间延迟,没有明确的上限,因此需要高价值以防止长时间的延迟路径中被当作了处理。不完全不足为奇,这个问题被称为计数到无穷大的问题。有一些试图解决这个问题(如与中毒水平分割在RFC 1058相反),但没有Ø
f这些工作良好。问题的核心是,当X告诉辎它有一个路径下,Y已无法知道自己是否在路径上的方式。
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