英语中的时态问题（高手来呀

It's time…句型是中学英语里使用频率较高的句型,其意为“该是……的时候了”用法灵活多变,也是大家以掌握的句型现就其有关句式归纳如下：

⑴ It's time for + n“该是（干）……的时候了”例：

Boys and girl,It's time for class

同学们,该上课了

⑵ It's time + (for sb) to do sth表示“该是（某人）干……的时候了”例：

It's time for you to clean the classroom

该是你打扫教室的时候了

It's time to go to school

该去上学了

⑶

It's time + that clause

时,that可省略,time可由high,about修饰,从句中的谓语动词有两种形式,或者用动词的过去式(be用were)；或者用shoud +

动词原形（should不能省略)此句型为虚拟语气句型,表示“现在某人该做某事了”含有该事早该去做而未做,现在去做似乎都为时已晚的意思例：

It's time （that）we went to bed

我们该去睡觉了

It's high time that the article were published

发表这篇文章是适时的

It's time you should do cleaning

你该去打扫卫生了

⑷ It's + the/序数词+ time +to do sth表示某人第几次做某事例：

It is my first time to write letter in English

这是我第一次用英语写信

⑸ It's + the+序数词+ time+ that clause也 表示某人第几次做某事例：

It is my first time that I've even written letters

这是我第一次用写信

It的用法（专项总结）

一、人称代词

1，it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:

①They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance

2，也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):

②Is this your dog？No, it isn’t

③They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder

3，也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景:

③I hate it when people talk with a full mouth．

二、非人称代词

1it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等：

⑴指天气：It is a lovely day, isn’t it ⑵指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back

⑶指日期:It is April First today ⑷指距离:It is some 3000 kilometers from A to B

⑸指价值:It is three dollars ⑹指温度:Today it is 30 degrees centigrade

三、其他用法

1在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事：

①Who is it there It's I (me/you/he) ②I thought it was Mary, but it was not she

③Her face lighted when she saw who it was

2泛泛的指某件事： (有时泛指一般情况)

①It doesn’t matter ②It is a shame, isn’t it ③How is it going(情况怎样)

④It says in the newspaper that

3it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思

The last train's gone Come on, we'll foot it(来，咱们步行吧。)

四、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语：　

1作形式主语替代主语从句

⑴It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain) that 从句 常译为＂┅清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear

⑵It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural) that 从句 常译为┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅)that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。

①It is important that we (should) learn English well②It is necessary that he (should) remember these words

⑶It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped) that 从句 常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。

①It is said that he has come to Beijing ②It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit

⑷It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded ) that 从句that　后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．）

①It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off

②It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours

⑸It is time ( about time ，high time ) that从句(虚拟语气:动词用过去时did)

① It is time that children went to bed

⑹It is the first ( second ) time that从句(从句用现在完成时 have done )

It was …(从句用过去完成时had done )常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。

It is the first time I have been here = This is the first time I have been here

⑺It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/ ) that从句

that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

①It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！

②It is a pity that he is ill 他生病了，真遗憾！

⑻It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that从句常译为 “ 碰巧…,似乎是…,看起来…”

①It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street 碰巧．．

②It seems that he will be back in a few days 看来．．．

2作形式主语替代不定式　

⑴ It is kind ( of sb ) to do sth 不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。 常见的词有：

bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb is kind to do sth 。　 如:It is kind of you to say so = You are kind to say so

⑵It is necessary ( for sb ) to do sth 不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的中性形容词。 常见的形容词有：

important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant

如:It is important for her to come to the party = It is important that she (should ) come to the party

⑶It takes sb to do sth 常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。

如:It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall

3作形式主语替代动名词短语

It is no good / no use / useless doing sth 常译为 “┅有好处或没有用”

①It is no good learning English without speaking English

②It's useless trying to argue with Shylock

五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，动名词短语或宾语从句。

We think it important to learn a foreign language

该句型中的it 作形式宾语，该结构中常用的动词有：think, believe, make ,find consider, feel； 如:

We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day

He felt it important learning English well

They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days

The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers

CF: keep sth, in mind / keep in mind that

六、it的重要句型

1强调句型: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that 从句 (被强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用)

①It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made

②It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday

特例:It is not until + 被强调部分 + that 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not until 的强调形式。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star

1般现在时: 主语+do/does(现在分词)

eg We clean the room every day

2一般过去时: 主语+did

eg We cleaned the room just now

3现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are doing

eg We are cleaning the room now

4过去进行时: was/were doing

eg We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon

eg 5现在完成时: have/has done

We have cleaned the room already

6过去完成时: had done

eg We had cleaned the room before he arrived

7一般将来时: will do/

eg We will clean the room tomorrow

8过去将来时: was/were to /would do

eg He said he would clean the room next

语 法 结 构 ——时 态（时态上）

一般现在时表示现在、经常或习惯的动作或状态和普遍现象、常识或客观真理；一般过去时用于过去某一时间内发生的或过去习惯性的动作或状态；一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，将来打算做的事情；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作造成目前的结果和对现在造成的影响或表示从过去延续至今的动作、状态和习惯等；将来完成时表示将来某时之前业已完成或发生的事情；过去完成时表示过去某时间之前已经发生的动作或状况，即过去的过去。注意每一种时态与其他时态的交叉使用情况。英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例)：

一般时

进行时

完成时

完成进行时

现在

study

studies

am studying

is studying

are studying

have studied

has studied

have been studying

has been studying

过去

studied

was studying

were studying

had studied

had been studying

将来

shall study

will study

shall be studying

will be studying

shall have studied

will have studied

shall have been studying

will have been studying

过去将来

should study

would study

should be studying

would be studying

should have studied

would have studied

should have been studying

would have been studying

考试中出现的一般有以下几种。

I、一般现在时

一、表示一般性或经常发生的动作或状态

1) In general 〔A〕 ， newspapers emphasize current news， whereas 〔B〕 magazines dealt 〔C〕 more with 〔D〕 background materials

2) The adult mosquito usually lives for about 〔A〕 thirty days， although 〔B〕 the life span varied 〔C〕 widely with temperature， humidity， and other 〔D〕 factors of the environment

3) Industrial buyers 〔A〕 are responsible 〔B〕 for supplying 〔C〕 the goods and services that an organization required 〔D〕 for its operations

二、表示习惯性动作和状态或普遍的现象或常识

4) It is an accepted 〔A〕 custom in west countries that 〔B〕 men removed 〔C〕 their hats when a woman enters 〔D〕 the room

5) Certain layers of the atmosphere have special names

〔A〕which indicated their character properties

〔B〕whose characteristic properties were indicating

〔C〕what characterize their indicated properties

〔D〕that indicate their characteristic properties

三、表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理。在宾语从句中，即使主句的谓语动词用了过去时，只要从句表示的是客观真理，从句的谓语动词也要用一般现在时

6) The teacher told them since 〔A〕 light travels faster than 〔B〕 sound, lightning appeared 〔C〕 to go before 〔D〕 thunder

7) As 〔A〕 a child, I was told that 〔B〕 the planet earth, which has 〔C〕 its own satellite, the moon, moved 〔D〕 round the sun

四、祈使句必须用动词原形，其否定结构用“don't＋动词原形”，如：Go and fetch some water ／ Don't do that

五、在反义疑问句中，如果主句用肯定句，那么，反问句用否定形式；如果主句用否定形式，那么，反问句就用肯定形式。而且前后在时态上要一致。但祈使疑问句用won't you进行反问。如：See a film tonight, won't you

注：① 祈使句后边可用附加疑问句，以加强语气。如果祈使句用肯定形式，附加疑问句用否定形式；如果祈使句用否定形式，附加句用肯定形式；如： Come here next Sunday, won't you ／ Don't tell it to anyone, will you ② 但如果祈使句的前一句有了表示强烈[ZZ(]肯定[ZZ)]的语言环境，即使祈使句用了肯定形式，其附加成分也可以用“will you”(表示肯定，如果是在口语中用降调)。如：Give me the book, will you

六、例题解析

1) C错。“in general”表示“一般”，所以主句用一般现在时，并列从句的谓语也是表示一般性，所以C处也应用一般现在时，故将其改为deal，而不是过去时dealt。

2) C错。本句的主从句中的“usually”表示“经常”，用一般现在时；而让步状语从句的谓语也是表示同一情况，所以也应当用一般现在时。故把C处的 varied改为varies。

3) D错。本句表述的是一般状况，前面的主句用的是现在时，后面的定语从句也应用现在时，应将required改为 requires。

4) C错。这里“it”是形式主语，代表主语从句“that…”，既然主句表示习惯(“an accepted custom”)，那么谓语就应当用一般现在时，而不能用过去时。所以将C处的removed改为remove。

5) D为正确答案。本句表述的也是自然现象，主句和从句都应用一般现在时，故A和B都不对；C不合语法，以“what”引导的从句不能作定语，只有D正确，这里“that”引导定语从句，修饰前边的名词“names”。

6) C错。本句宾语从句所表述的是客观事实，即“…light travels faster than sound,”虽然主句谓语动词用的是过去式“told”，从句也要用一般现在时，所以把C处的appeared改为appears。

7) D错。虽然主句的主语用了过去时“was told”，其宾语从句表示的是“地球绕着太阳转”这一客观规律，所以将D处的moved改为moves。注意：不能将C处的has改为had，因为这也是表示客观事实，也得用一般现在时。

II一般过去时

一、一般过去时主要表示过去某一时刻发生的动作或情况，句中通常有表示过去某一时刻的状语 a day ago, last week, in 1996, during the night, in anceint times等，表示“过多少时间之后”用after, 但在现在完成时中用in, 如in the past few years等

1) How many people remember 〔A〕 listening 〔B〕 to Orson Welles' 1938 radio broadcast 〔C〕 ， “ The War of the Worlds”， which convince 〔D〕 thousands that space aliens(外星人) had invaded the Earth

2) The instructor had gone over 〔A〕 the problems many times 〔B〕 before 〔C〕 the students will take 〔D〕 the final examination

3) Anthropologists agree 〔A〕 that our primitive ancestors 〔B〕 who inhabit 〔C〕 the tropics probably have natural protection against 〔D〕 the Sun

二、例题解析

1) D错，改用过去时 convinced，因此处表述的是过去(1938年)所发生的情况，而现在则不是这样。“which”引导的从句修饰“…1938 radio breadcast”。

2) D错。由于主句使用的是过去完成时，表示在 过去 的某一动作发生之前，本句中的“before…”从句引导一个表示过去的时间状语。所以状语从句的谓语应用过去时态，应把将来时“will take”改为一般过去时took，以便和主句的过去完成时呼应。

3) C错，改为inhabited，既然是“我们的祖先 居住 的热带地区”，“居住”这一动作发生在过去，所以要用过去时。这里也要提醒大家：做语法题不仅要看特定的提示词如时间状语等，关键还在于读懂句子的意思。如，虽然本句的主语还是同一表示过去的名词主语“primitive ancestors”，其谓语动词就用现在时“have”。“我们的祖先有……”，这里的“有”，是现在我们看来的一种事实，所以用一般现在时。

III 一般将来时

一、一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状况

1) But the weather experts 〔A〕 are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected 〔B〕 by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that would 〔C〕 possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning 〔D〕 of fuels(92年阅读理解题)

2) If traffic problems are not solved soon 〔A〕 ， driving 〔B〕 in 〔C〕 cities becomes 〔D〕 impossible

二、在表示时间和条件的状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。这些时间副词有when, as soon as等，表示条件的连词有if,as long as等。

3 ) A desert area that has been 〔A〕 without water 〔B〕 for six years will still 〔C〕 bloom when rain will come 〔D〕

4) Come and see me whenever (84年考题)

〔A〕 you are convenient 〔B〕 you will be convenient

〔C〕 it is convenient to you〔D〕 it will be convenient to you

5) The task is extremely difficult If no one able to do it, we will have to find somebody else

〔A〕 were

〔B〕 was

〔C〕 is

〔D〕 would

注意：如果这些副词或连词引导的是名词从句作宾语而不是状语从句时，这些名词从句的谓语动词则用该用的时态：I don't know when he will come而且表示将来的助动词will还可以用以条件从句中，译为“愿意、肯”等。

三、一些表示方向及变化的瞬间动词可用进行时或现在时表示将要发生的动作

We leave (are leaving) for California the day after tomorrow我们(计划)后天动身去加利福尼亚州。

May I have your attention please The plane for Wuhan is about to take off请注意，飞往武汉的飞机就要起飞了。

四、另外，“be +to ＋动词原形”也可表示打算做的事，还可表示责任、意向和可能性

You are to follow the doctor’s advice你应遵从医嘱。

No shelter was to be seen找不到避难处。

五、例题解析

1) C错，改为will。本题有表示将来的时间状语“in the next fifty years…”，所以谓语用一般将来时。

2) D错。由于从句中有表示时间的状语“soon”(不久，不远的将来)，主句的谓语也是在这一时间发生，所以要用将来时，那么D改为will become。

3) D错。本句主语是A desert area…will still bloom，状语从句是由when引导，表示“雨季到来时”，从句的谓语应用一般现在时表示将来，所以将C处的will come改为comes。

4) 正确答案为C。本题除了时态上的问题(即不用一般将来时)之外还涉及到主语和它的表语的逻辑问题。根据上述语法特点，首先排除B和D；题中“convenient”是“方便的”之意。虽然汉语“在你方便的时候”，似乎“方便”的主语是“你”，但在英语中就不是那么回事儿，“convenient”的英文的解释是“(sth) suited to personal ease or comfort or to easy performance of some act or function”(某事或物对某人来说感到舒适或容易作)，其主语应是“物”而不是“人”。本题应选C。所以学英语时，不仅要懂英语单词的汉语译文，更重要的是掌握英语单词的内涵与用法。建议身边备一个“英英”字典，如Longman Dictionary of Comtempory English。

1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法

（1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如：

J I would certainly go if I had time．（现在）

J If it should rain，we wouldn't go out（将来）

J If I knew German，I would read the paper to you．（现在）

J If he were here，we could ask him．（现在）

（2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如：

J If I had set off a little earlier， I would have caught the train．

J She would / might have come if she hadn't been so busy．

J If I hadn't taken your advice，I would have made a bad mistake．

J If only you hadn't told him the news．

（3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：

J Had they time（=If they had time），they would certainly come and help us．

J Should it be fine（=If it should be fine），we would go for an outing．

J Were I go（=If I were you）， I would go．

（4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如：

J If it had rained last night（过去），It would be very cold today（现在）．

J If I had taken your advice（过去），I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）．

2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如：

J I suggest that we（should）set off at once．

JThe doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed．

JI wish I were as strong as you．

J I would rather that you hadn't told him．

3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法

在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

J It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．

JIt is requested that Professor Li（should）give us a speech．

JIt is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．

4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。

在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

J Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．

J My advice is that we（should）send for Doctor Li．

J Do you know the order that you（should）keep watch？

5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法

在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：

JThey talked as if they had been friends for years．

J She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother．

J He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train．

6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：

在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。

J It’s time I was going

J It’s time somebody taught you to behave yourself

列：

i wished we could complete this building after three days

I would have been working when boss comes in

1、It was a happy day

2、It is kind of you to help me

3、It was lucy who finished the work

4、It is a small room

5、It is on the bed,

6、It is a nice dress

7、It is late to school

8、It is time to go to bed

It  pron (代词)

它。

这。

那。

作无人称动词的主词。

谈论时间、日期、距离、天气等时用作主语。

置于句首或句中，引导后面的片语或子句。

作为形式上的主词或受词。

用于表示强调的句型中。

用于某些动词、 介系词后面。

词义含糊。

构成习惯语。

指婴儿，尤指性别不详者。

用以明确身分。

用作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语或宾语在句末。

指已知或正在发生的事实或情况。

作加强语气的谓语代词，指被认为是最终的，最后的或完美的、绝妙的人、事物、形势等。

作强调的代词，指人们有吸引力的品质，如活力、魅力、性吸引力。

=information technology 信息技术，情报技术学。

例句：

It is time to be old,to take in sail

Now it is time to find common ground

Now it is time to think about the implementation

It is high time to begin our plan

Ladies and gentlemen,it is time to begin

Stand by,men; it is time to begin the attack

It is time to start work on my thesis

You have pondered long enough; it is time to decide

How will I know when it is time to board

这要灵活运用了，

如果是之间看到的牌子，你可以说It said，如果你跟朋友正在开玩笑，可以用ing，比如。

Hey，Look! It's saying 'Don't cross the road'

而表示陈述的时候，用三单。

it reads/it read是英语里常用的表示方法

I look at the blackboardIt reads,“No talking”意思是：黑板上的的内容是（因为是读,所以用read)

类似的有：

I bought a newspaperIt said there was a car accident

last night

我买了一份报纸,报纸上说昨晚有场车祸

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记住,某个东西上写着什么字要用read,这是外国人的习惯用法。考试中你就首选read。

但是生活中say还是很多人用的。

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