Charles
Babbage,
an
English
mathematician,
is
considered
to
be
the
great-grandfather
of
the
computer
Over
150
years
ago,
in
1840
to
be
exact,
he
invented
a
sophisticated
calculating
machine,
and
called
it
the
"Analytical
Engine"
As
with
many
inventions,
his
creation
was
far
in
advance
of
its
time（英国数学家,查尔斯·巴贝奇被认为是计算机的曾祖父。在150多年前,确切地说,1840年他发明了一种复杂的计算机器,称之为“分析机。“和许多发明一样,他的创造是提前的时间。）
It
took
another
100
years
before
the
first
computers
were
built,
and
as
you
know,
they
were
huge
and
incredibly
heavy
Take,
for
instance,
the
famous
Mark
I
It
was
the
world’s
first
electro-（花了100年第一台计算机建成之前,你知道,他们是巨大的,非常重。比如,著名的马克。这是世界上第一个电子的）mechanical
computer
and
was
used
during
World
War
2
by
the
US
Navy
In
comparison
to
20th-（机械使用电脑和两次世界大战期间,美国海军。相比20
-）century
systems,
it
could
be
likened
to
a
battleship:
26
meters
high,
16
meters
wide,
2
meters
deep,
and
weighing
a
massive
5
tons!
The
machine
–
the
hardware
–（
世纪的系统,它可以被比作一艘战舰:高26米,宽16米,深2米,和大规模的5吨重!
机器——硬件
）
could
not
develop
without
the
software
to
match,
of
course
In
this
respect,
two
women
mathematicians
played
key
roles（无法开发的软件匹配,当然可以。在这方面,两个女人数学家扮演了关键的角色。）
Ada
Lovelace
Byron,
daughter
of
the
poet
Lord
Byron,
wrote
in
1843
what
today
we'd
call
programs
for
Charles
Babbage’s
"Analytical
Engine"
She
was
a
pioneer
and
is
considered
to
be
the
very
first
programmer
in
history
That's
why
130
years
later,
the
US
Department
of
Defence
gave
her
forename
–
Ada
–
A-D-A
–（Ada
Lovelace拜伦,诗人拜伦勋爵的女儿,在1843年写道今天我们称之为项目查尔斯巴贝奇的“分析机。“她是一个先锋,被认为是历史上第一个程序员。这就是为什么130年之后,美国国防部给她名-
Ada
A-D-A
-）
where
people
share
their
knowledge
and
expertise
Information
and
communication
techniques
have
been
turned
upside
down,
distance
has
been
eliminated,
frontiers
abolished
A
tremendous
interactive
potential
is
burgeoning
on
our
planet
Earth
today
Like
it
or
lump
it
–
none
can
stop
it!（特别是互联网,创造了一个全新的环境。一种新文化诞生了——免费、快速,而且是普遍的,人们分享他们的知识和技能。信息和通信技术已经发生天翻地覆的变化,距离已被淘汰,前沿废除。一个巨大的互动潜力是蓬勃发展的今天对我们的地球。喜欢它或者把它——没有能阻止它!）
这个就是
要抄下来细心点
开头是以介绍
创始人
The output is the last step in computer operation It changes the computer’s results from binary machine language into a form that people can understand There are several kinds of output devices
Suppose a shoe store owner wants to know which style of shoe is selling best He uses a printer It actually prints, or types, the numbers of shoes sold on a long strip of paper The machine printout shows him which shoes he should order High-speed printers can print an entire ling at the same time turning out as many as twenty thousand lines a minute
A city planner, though, may use her computer in a different way She wants to plan a new bus route to serve the largest number of people Using a plotter as the output, she gets a drawing, actually a map, showing the route chosen by the computer
The telephone operator who looks up telephone numbers uses a computer But she does not need a printed copy, nor a drawing of the number Therefore, she has a computer terminal with a CTR the screen flashes the number of a little while, and then it disappears, ready for the next request
Students in many schools are taught by a computerSome of these courses are in foreign languagesTo learn a language,you must hear it spoken correctlythese computers have an audio outputThey actually produce the sounds of the language perfectly pronounced
The modern computer is truly an amazing machineBut it is not able to think ror itselfit is only as smart as the person who prepares its programNor can a computer produce correct answers unless it is fed correct data
Many people are a little afraid of computersThey think of computers as machines with minds of their ownjust remember this,thoughA computer is nothing more than a human toolIt stretches our abilitiesJust as you use a hammer to help you drive a nail into a wall,so you use a computer to help you solve a problemComputers are our servants,not our masters
The output is the last step in computer operation It changes the
computer’s results from binary machine language into a form that
people can understand There are several kinds of output devices
输出是计算机处理的最后一步。其结果用二进制转换成人们能够理解的形式。有许多种输出设备。比如一个鞋店老板想知道哪种鞋卖得最好，他使用打印机。可以打印鞋的数目在一长串纸上。输出结果可以让他选择他应该卖哪种鞋。 在同一时间，高速打印机可以打印多至每分钟二万条线．但是一个城市规划师，可以用另一种方式使用电脑．她想规划出一条新的汽车路线以满足最大的人流量．使用一个计划作为输出，他可以得到图纸，实际是一张地图，通过电脑选择展现路线．查询电话号码的电话接线员也使用电脑．但她不需要打印和电话薄．因此，她有一个CTR电脑终端,瞬间可以显示出电话号码然后立即消失了准备下一次需求．在许多学校的学生也是用电脑授课．有些课还用外语．为了学习一门语言，你必须听得很准确．这些电脑有一个自动输出．他们实际上制造了语言正确标准的读音．现代电脑确实是一种令人惊奇的机器．但是它没有思想．只有当人给它准备了程序后才会变得聪明起来．一台电脑不会正确计算除非给它正确的数据．许多人有一点害怕电脑．他们认为电脑是一种有思想的机器．记住一点，电脑只是人类的一种工具而已．它们加强了我们的能力．电脑为你解决问题就像你用一个锤子把一颗螺丝钉敲进墙里一样．电脑是我们的仆人，而不是主人．
Outreach and Extension programs increasingly are using computer technologies to deliver services and resources to the public Examples include videoconferences (Pankow, Porter, & Schuchardt, 2006), Webcasts (LGEAN 2004), electronic newsletters (Westa, Broderick, & Tyson, 2005), online communities (Kallioranta, Vlosky, & Leavengood, 2006; Schlager & Fusco, 2004), youth education programs (Mutchler, Anderson, Taylor, Hamilton, & Mangle, 2006), and curriculum and training materials on Web sites and CDs (Dunn, Thomas, Green, & Mick, 2006; Mayfield, Wingenbach, & Chalmers, 2006; Penuel, Bienkowski, Korbak, 2005; Zimmer, Shriner, & Scheer, 2006)
When working in low-income urban and other under-resourced communities, Extension staff need to ensure that audiences are able to access the various digital tools The ability to use computer technologies is often viewed through the lens of the "digital divide," or the gap between those people and communities that can effectively use information and communication technologies and those that cannot (Norris & Conceicao, 2004; Shelley & Thrane, 2004; Warschauer, 2003)
Originally, the digital divide referred to the lack of access to computer technologies and Internet connectivity (Mitchell, 2003; Mossberger & Caroline, 2003) Even recently, studies that address the digital divide in communities served by Extension are based on the premise that the digital divide refers to access (Elbert & Alston, 2005) However, Cullen (2001) argued that this is a more complex issue, and identified four factors that may influence the digital divide:
Physical access to computer technologies Organizations may not have computers, other digital devices, software, and Internet connectivity
Computer skills and support Individuals who have computers and other digital tools may not use them because of lack of skills
Attitudes and awareness People may have and use computers but not deploy them to their full potential because they fail to see how sophisticated computer technologies can contribute to their professional development or provide other services
Content People may not use the Internet and other computer technologies because the content of digital materials is not interesting or relevant
Although access to computer technologies has been described in the literature (Elbert & Alston, 2005), little is known about other factors that are influencing the use of computers in community settings served by Extension In this article, we explore the four digital divide factors in urban low-income communities and investigate how community educators are using digital materials in their after-school and other non-formal youth education programs
The computer science program was established in 1983, and in 1995 the Department of Computer Science was formed from the former Department of Mathematics and Computer Science The master’s program in computer science began in 1997 and the information technology program began in 2001 In 2009 there are about 60 students and some 20 degrees will be awarded The department's web site, >
Computer Input and Output Devices Before a computer can process your data, you need some method to input the data into the machine The device you use will depend on what form this data takes (be it text, sound, artwork, etc) Similarly, after the computer has processed your data, you often need to produce output of the results This output could be a display on the computer screen, hardcopy on printed pages, or even the audio playback of music you composed on the computer The terms “input” and “output” are used both as verbs to describe the process of entering or displaying the data, and as nouns referring to the data itself entered into or displayed by the computer Below we discuss the variety of peripheral devices used for computer input and output -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Input Devices Keyboard Input Devices Keyboard Mouse Touch pad Track Ball Other Output Devices CRT Monitor Flat Panel Display Ink Jet Printer Laster Printer Other -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The computer keyboard is used to enter text information into the computer, as when you type the contents of a report The keyboard can also be used to type commands directing the computer to perform certain actions Commands are typically chosen from an on-screen menu using a mouse, but there are often keyboard shortcuts for giving these same commands In addition to the keys of the main keyboard (used for typing text), keyboards usually also have a numeric keypad (for entering numerical data efficiently), a bank of editing keys (used in text editing operations), and a row of function keys along the top (to easily invoke certain program
Computer course is a subject with a combination of knowledge and skills, strong theory and operation It is not only different from humanities course, but also different from
computer professional course We should adhere to the practice of "practice while speaking and practice more carefully", teach students according to their aptitude, stimulate
our interest in learning, actively expand our learning objectives, and make us lay a good foundation for computer application in specific jobs in the future For some students who
have not developed good learning habits since childhood, There are some phenomena that are not conscious enough in the learning process But teacher, you always patiently guide
us, educate us, and make us correctly understand the important role of computer in our study and life At the beginning of computer teaching, the teacher arranged corresponding
practice tasks for each class, grasped the psychological characteristics of learning computer, and the completed students can do their own things in class, such as playing
small games and chatting about QQ, which strengthened the students' enthusiasm For example, in English typing practice, if each class is one minute better than the previous
class, or in the part of Chinese character input, five words better than the previous class per minute, you can practice freely In computer class, you always teach us how to do the right
thing, how to use the correct fingering, and how to type more words faster Students with good typing scores can better master more and more comprehensive computer knowledge
driven by learning tasks In order to gain free time to play, you will complete the learning task well In the computer class, we are not allowed to do exercises completely in two
classes When we complete the teaching task, it gives us a free world to swim, meets our curiosity and achieves the purpose of computer learning Make us more active in class to
complete our homework, so that we can get more free time, which also requires us to master the content of the teacher in class more skillfully Focus on practice and combine
speaking with practice Focus on practice and combine speaking with practice A lot of knowledge is acquired through operation practice, so I can acquire knowledge in operation
practice, realize the most basic operation by hands, obtain a sense of achievement, cultivate hands-on operation → observe phenomena → analyze causes → summarize the
process of acquiring knowledge For example, in the teaching of word processing software, the teacher asks you to ask some questions and let us think about them, For example, how
to use the shift key to quickly input uppercase and lowercase letters Guide us to explore boldly and find methods from operation In this way, in practice, we can fully grasp the role
of shift key, feel enlightened, have fun from it, realize the true meaning that mastering computer knowledge must be based on practice, and cultivate the ability to solve practical
operation problems Beginners are weak in computers, and it is difficult to understand some application operations They should better understand and grasp the application
software as a whole, not only by buying a few professional books, but also by practical application
计算机课是一门知识性和技能性相结合、理论性和 *** 作性都很强的科目，既不同于人文课程又和计算机的专业课有所区别。我们应该坚持“边讲边练、精讲多练”的做法，因材施教，激励着我们的学习兴趣，积极拓展我们的学习目标。
使我们为今后走向社会在具体工作岗位上的计算机应用打下良好的基矗对一些从小就没有养成良好学习习惯的同学，出现了一些在学习过程中不够自觉的现象。但是老师你总是很耐心的指导我们教育我们，使我们正确的认识计算机在我们学习生活中的重要作用。
在刚开始的计算机教学中，老师你每节课安排相应的练习任务，抓住乐我们学习计算机的心理特点，完成的同学可以在课堂上作自己的事，比如玩下小游戏，聊下qq等加强了同学们的积极性。如在英打字练习时，每节课要是比上节课进步一分钟，或是在在汉字录入部分。
每分钟比上节课进步5个字，就可以自由练习。上机课时你总是在同学间教育我们怎样做对的事，怎样使用正确的指法，怎样才能更快的打好更多的字。打字成绩好的同学在学习任务的驱动下，可以更好的掌握更多更全面的计算机知识。让后为了争取自由时间去游戏，会很好地完成学习任务。
在计算机课中，并不会完全的在两节课时间里让大家完全的做练习，在完成教学任务的情况下，给予了我们一片自由的游线天地，满足了我们的好奇心，又达到了计算机学习的目的。
使我们在课堂上更加积极的去完成作业，使自己可以得到更多的自由的时间，这样也要求我们更加熟练的掌握老师上课时所讲内容。以练为主，讲练结合。以练为主，讲练结合。许多知识是靠在 *** 作实践中而获得的，所以我在 *** 作实践中可以获得知识。
动手实现最基本的 *** 作，从中获得成就感，培养动手 *** 作→观察现象→分析原因→概括总结这一获得知识的过程，如在文字处理软件教学中，老师你提出乐一些问题让学我们来思考，比如如何利用Shift键快速输入大小写字母？
引导我们大胆探索，从 *** 作中去找方法，这样在实践中使我们充分掌握了Shift键的作用，茅塞顿开，从中得到了乐趣，并体会了掌握计算机知识必须以练为主的真谛，培养了解决实际 *** 作问题的能力。
初学者对计算机都是比较薄弱的，对一些应用 *** 作理解起来很困难要从整体上较好理解很把握应用软件，不是仅仅靠买几本专业书就能知道的，我们平时不仅要多做练习，记笔记，还要实际应用。
The computer is a product of advanced civilization and its invention, according to some people, signals the advent of a Second Industrial Revolution Formerly a bulky machine that demanded much space, the computer is now becoming smaller and smaller and scientists have made it more sophisticated and accordingly more useful As is generally known, the computer can do a wide range of work, including complex computation and analyses People now also use it as a teaching aid in designing An infinite variety of software can be put into the computer, which explains why it is so powerful There is, however, one thing which we should bear in mind: that the computer cannot think but man can So there need not be any fear that someday the computer will control us and all we should expect is try our best to bring it to perfection A computer age is not a pipe dream and there will come a day when most of our needs can be met by this wonderful machine
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