IT的英文是Information Technology,即信息产业的意思,较为广泛:目前IT业的划分方法有各式各样,其中以美国商业部的定义较为清楚和合理,它将国民经济的所有行业分成IT业和非IT生产业。其中IT业又进一步划分为IT生产业和IT使用业。IT生产业包括计算机硬件业、通信设备业、软件、计算机及通信服务业。至于IT使用业几乎涉及所有的行业,其中服务业使用IT的比例更大。由此可见,IT行业不仅仅指通信业,还包括硬件和软件业,不仅仅包括制造业,还包括相关的服务业,因此通信制造业只是IT业的组成部分,而不是IT业的全部。
原意在英语中指代物的第三人称单数。
另有其他单词的缩写,例如信息技术:Information Technology;即时翻译 instant translation;创新技术innovative technology等。也指信息技术行业的英文简称。
互联网技术有3种含义,分别指硬件、软件和应用。
第一层是硬件,主要指数据存储、处理和传输的主机和网络通信设备;
第二层是指软件,包括可用来搜集、存储、检索、分析、应用、评估信息的各种软件,它包括我们通常所指的ERP(企业资源计划)、CRM(客户关系管理)、SCM(供应链管理)等商用管理软件,也包括用来加强流程管理的WF(工作流)管理软件、辅助分析的DW/DM(数据仓库和数据挖掘)软件等;
第三层是指应用,指搜集、存储、检索、分析、应用、评估使用各种信息,包括应用ERP、CRM、SCM等软件直接辅助决策,也包括利用其它决策分析模型或借助DW/DM等技术手段来进一步提高分析的质量,辅助决策者作决策(强调一点,只是辅助而不是替代人决策)。
有些人理解的互联网技术把前二层合二为一,统指信息的存储、处理和传输,后者则为信息的应用;也有人把后二层合二为一,则划分为前硬后软。通常第三层还没有得到足够的重视,但事实上却是唯有当信息得到有效应用时IT的价值才能得到充分发挥,也才真正实现了信息化的目标。信息化本身不是目标,它只是在当前时代背景下一种实现目标比较好的一种手段。
卡尔的互联网技术是指什么呢?在那篇文章里面他并没有明确提出,不过他提到信息技术的核心功能--数据存储、处理和传输。从他推理的逻辑来看,即从蒸汽机、铁路、电报电话、电力等基础设施建设推过来的,还用摩尔定律来佐证主机和光纤的发展。
it [英][ɪt][美][ɪt]
原意在英语中指代物的第三人称单数。另有其他单词的缩写,例如信息技术:Information Technology;即时翻译 instant translation;创新技术innovative technology等。也指信息技术行业的英文简称。
第三人称单数
it
pron
1(指已提及或心目中的人或事物)这,那,它。
2(指无生命物、动植物、性别不详的幼孩等)它。
3(作无人称动词的主语,表示时间、气候、距离等)。
4(置于句首或句中,引导后面的短语或从句)。
5(作为形式上的主语或宾语,用于表示强调的句型中)。
6(用于某些动词、介词后面,词义含糊,构成习惯语)。
n[U]
1(捉迷藏等游戏)捉人者,猜的人。
2口(仅用于ginandit)意大利苦艾酒。
3口关键,重要时刻。
It的用法(专项总结)
一、人称代词
1,it的最基本用法是作代词,主要指刚提到的事物,以避免重复:
①They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance
2,也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):
②Is this your dog?No, it isn’t
③They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder
3,也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景:
③I hate it when people talk with a full mouth.
二、非人称代词
1it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等:
⑴指天气:It is a lovely day, isn’t it ⑵指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back
⑶指日期:It is April First today ⑷指距离:It is some 3000 kilometers from A to B
⑸指价值:It is three dollars ⑹指温度:Today it is 30 degrees centigrade
三、其他用法
1在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语,表示谁在做某事:
①Who is it there It's I (me/you/he) ②I thought it was Mary, but it was not she
③Her face lighted when she saw who it was
2泛泛的指某件事: (有时泛指一般情况)
①It doesn’t matter ②It is a shame, isn’t it ③How is it going(情况怎样)
④It says in the newspaper that
3it用在一些词组中,it 没有特别的意思
The last train's gone Come on, we'll foot it(来,咱们步行吧。)
四、作形式主语,替代主语从句,动词不定式,或动名词短语:
1作形式主语替代主语从句
⑴It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain) that 从句 常译为"┅清楚的(显然的,真的,可能的,肯定的...)"
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear
⑵It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural) that 从句 常译为┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅)that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省去,建议记住该句型中的形容词。
①It is important that we (should) learn English well②It is necessary that he (should) remember these words
⑶It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped) that 从句 常译为"据说(据报道,据悉...)"。
①It is said that he has come to Beijing ②It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit
⑷It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded ) that 从句that 后的从句要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省;常译为"据建议;有命令...)
①It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off
②It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours
⑸It is time ( about time ,high time ) that从句(虚拟语气:动词用过去时did)
① It is time that children went to bed
⑹It is the first ( second ) time that从句(从句用现在完成时 have done )
It was …(从句用过去完成时had done )常译为"是第一(二)...次..."。
It is the first time I have been here = This is the first time I have been here
⑺It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/ ) that从句
that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should可省去.表示出乎意料,常译为"竟然"。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。
①It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class 这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾!
②It is a pity that he is ill 他生病了,真遗憾!
⑻It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that从句常译为 “ 碰巧…,似乎是…,看起来…”
①It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street 碰巧..
②It seems that he will be back in a few days 看来...
2作形式主语替代不定式
⑴ It is kind ( of sb ) to do sth 不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。 常见的词有:
bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good (好心的), honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice(有教养的), polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong(错误的)等。 这个句型可以改写为:sb is kind to do sth 。 如:It is kind of you to say so = You are kind to say so
⑵It is necessary ( for sb ) to do sth 不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的中性形容词。 常见的形容词有:
important, necessary, natural easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant
如:It is important for her to come to the party = It is important that she (should ) come to the party
⑶It takes sb to do sth 常译为"做...要花费某人..."。
如:It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall
3作形式主语替代动名词短语
It is no good / no use / useless doing sth 常译为 “┅有好处或没有用”
①It is no good learning English without speaking English
②It's useless trying to argue with Shylock
五、作形式宾语,代替不定式,动名词短语或宾语从句。
We think it important to learn a foreign language
该句型中的it 作形式宾语,该结构中常用的动词有:think, believe, make ,find consider, feel; 如:
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day
He felt it important learning English well
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days
The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers
CF: keep sth, in mind / keep in mind that
六、it的重要句型
1强调句型: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that 从句 (被强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用)
①It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made
②It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday
特例:It is not until + 被强调部分 + that 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语"直到...才...",可以说是 not until 的强调形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star
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