it 的用法

It的用法（专项总结）

一、人称代词

1，it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:

①They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance

2，也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):

②Is this your dog？No, it isn’t

③They got a baby and it was a ten-pounder

3，也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景:

③I hate it when people talk with a full mouth．

二、非人称代词

1it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等：

⑴指天气：It is a lovely day, isn’t it ⑵指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back

⑶指日期:It is April First today ⑷指距离:It is some 3000 kilometers from A to B

⑸指价值:It is three dollars ⑹指温度:Today it is 30 degrees centigrade

三、其他用法

1在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语，表示谁在做某事：

①Who is it there It's I (me/you/he) ②I thought it was Mary, but it was not she

③Her face lighted when she saw who it was

2泛泛的指某件事： (有时泛指一般情况)

①It doesn’t matter ②It is a shame, isn’t it ③How is it going(情况怎样)

④It says in the newspaper that

3it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思

The last train's gone Come on, we'll foot it(来，咱们步行吧。)

四、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语：　

1作形式主语替代主语从句

⑴It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain) that 从句 常译为＂┅清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂

It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree = That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear

⑵It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural) that 从句 常译为┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅)that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。

①It is important that we (should) learn English well②It is necessary that he (should) remember these words

⑶It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped) that 从句 常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。

①It is said that he has come to Beijing ②It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit

⑷It is suggested ( advised/ ordered / demanded/ insisted/ commanded ) that 从句that　后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．）

①It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off

②It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours

⑸It is time ( about time ，high time ) that从句(虚拟语气:动词用过去时did)

① It is time that children went to bed

⑹It is the first ( second ) time that从句(从句用现在完成时 have done )

It was …(从句用过去完成时had done )常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。

It is the first time I have been here = This is the first time I have been here

⑺It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/ ) that从句

that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

①It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！

②It is a pity that he is ill 他生病了，真遗憾！

⑻It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that从句常译为 “ 碰巧…,似乎是…,看起来…”

①It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street 碰巧．．

②It seems that he will be back in a few days 看来．．．

2作形式主语替代不定式　

⑴ It is kind ( of sb ) to do sth 不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。 常见的词有：

bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb is kind to do sth 。　 如:It is kind of you to say so = You are kind to say so

⑵It is necessary ( for sb ) to do sth 不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的中性形容词。 常见的形容词有：

important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant

如:It is important for her to come to the party = It is important that she (should ) come to the party

⑶It takes sb to do sth 常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。

如:It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall

3作形式主语替代动名词短语

It is no good / no use / useless doing sth 常译为 “┅有好处或没有用”

①It is no good learning English without speaking English

②It's useless trying to argue with Shylock

五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，动名词短语或宾语从句。

We think it important to learn a foreign language

该句型中的it 作形式宾语，该结构中常用的动词有：think, believe, make ,find consider, feel； 如:

We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day

He felt it important learning English well

They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days

The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers

CF: keep sth, in mind / keep in mind that

六、it的重要句型

1强调句型: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that 从句 (被强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用)

①It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made

②It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday

特例:It is not until + 被强调部分 + that 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not until 的强调形式。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star

It 的 用 法 1 要点提示 it可以用作人称代词，它还可以指时间、天气、距离、上下文等，另外，it还可以作先行词，作形式主语和形式宾语。 2 用法指南 (1)作为人称代词，it可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人。 Where's my book Have you seen it 我的书在哪里？你看见了没有？ The dog is in the garden, isn't it狗在花园里，是吧？ The baby cried because it is hungry婴儿哭了，因为他/她饿了。 (Someone is ringing)Who's it It's me (有人在按门铃。)谁呀？是我。 (2)it 可以指上下文内容 The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008 It makes the Chinese proud 2008年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。 (3)it表示时间、天气、距离等。 What time is it now It's half past nine现在几点了？九点半 It is cold天气冷。 It's about ten kilometers from the park to the museum 公园到博物馆大约是十公里。 (4)it用作形式主语或形式宾语 It's very important for us to learn English well(实际主语是to learn English well) 对我们来说，学好英语很重要。 I found it hard to fly a kite (实际主语是to fly a kite)我发现放风筝很难。 it 代词 pron 1 (指已提及或心目中的人或事物)这,那,它 This is our new car I bought it yesterday 这是我们的新车。我昨天买的。 2 (指无生命物、动植物、性别不详的幼孩等)它 What a beautiful baby -- is it a boy 多漂亮的孩子啊--它是男孩吗 3 (作无人称动词的主语,表示时间、气候、距离等) It's about 50 kilometers from here to my ranch 从这儿到我的牧场约有五十公里。 It's early yet 还早呢。 It's very hot 天真热。 4 (置于句首或句中,引导后面的短语或从句) I'd think it well worth while to go 我觉得很值得一去。 5 (作为形式上的主语或宾语,用于表示强调的句型中) But here it's my word that counts 但这里是我说的话算数。 6 (用于某些动词、介词后面,词义含糊,构成习惯语) Don't lord it over your friends 不要对你的朋友摆威风。

it做人称代词，可以指代事物，动物，婴儿，未知的人或者未知的事；it也可以作指代前文提到的事物，比如：It this your pen ？Yes，it is

It作主语的句型

1It takes sb some time to do sth

2It's (about/high)time that…should+动词原形/一般过去时

3It is the + 序数词 +time …+现在完成时

4It was+段时间+before…

在中学英语中，常用 it 替代句子。现对此作一分析和归纳，供同学们学习时参考。

一 it 充当形式主语时，可将真正的主语从句置于句末。

A 谓语动词是被动形式时，常用 it 替代主语从句。例如：

It hasn't been decided whether the meeting will be held

这个会议是否召开，尚未定下来。

B 主句是疑问句或感叹句时，则必须用形式主语 it 替代主语从句。例如：

Is it necessary that she'll come？

她有必要来吗？

How strange it is that the children are so quiet！

孩子们如此安静，真奇怪！

C it 作为形式主语，常出现在下列结构中：

1 It +be+ 形容词＋主语从句。例如：

It's possible that we'll be a little late

我们可能会晚一点儿到。

It was most likely that one third of them lost their lives

他们当中很可能有三分之一的人丧生。

2 It +be ＋分词＋主语从句。例如：

It's surprising that there are so many unhappy marriages

有这么多婚姻不美满，真是令人吃惊。

It is suggested that the task （ should ） be finished in a week's time

有人建议在一周内完成这项任务。

3 It +be+ 名词（短语）＋主语从句。例如：

It's a pity that he isn't here

真遗憾，他没有在这里。

It's a question where we can find this material

我们在哪儿能找到这种材料还是个问题。

4 It + 不及物动词＋主语从句。例如：

It doesn't matter when they'll be back

他们什么时候回来无关紧要。

It happened （ so happened ） that he met his teacher in the street

碰巧他在街上遇到了他的老师。

It seems / appears that someone is knocking at the door

似乎有人在敲门。

二 it 充当形式宾语时，真正的宾语要后置。

A 在 think， make， find， believe， feel， consider， hear 等动词后面跟复合宾语（宾语＋宾语补足语）时，要用 it 作其中的形式宾语。例如：

We think it necessary that you will help him

我们认为你很有必要帮助他。

I felt it a surprise that they were all unfriendly to me

我感到惊奇的是，他们对我都不友好。

注意：若此类动词后面没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语，则一般不用 it 作形式宾语。如不可说： We consider it that you will go there

B like， enjoy， love， hate 等表示“喜怒哀乐”的动词后面跟宾语从句时，可用 it 作形式宾语，而宾语从句要紧跟在 it 之后。例如：

I love it when you sing

我喜欢听你唱歌。

I hate it when she speaks of me

我讨厌她说我。

C 由动词和介词（除 except， but 外）构成的 think of， answer for， depend on， rely on， see to 等短语动词后面，常用 it 作形式宾语，然后再接 that 引导的宾语从句。例如：

I will answer for it that he is honest

我可以担保他是诚实的。

You may depend on it that he will come in time

你可以相信他会及时来到。

三 it 作形式主语时指主句所表示的内容。例如：

1 If it is possible， hold up the part of the body which is bleeding[!--empirenewspage--]

如有可能，就把流血的身体部位抬高。

句中的 it 是指主句 hold up the part of the body which is bleeding if 后面的 it is 常可省略。

2 I would like to see him as soon as it is possible

我想尽快见到他。

此句中只能用形容词 possible ，而不能用副词 possibly 因为 as soon as possible 是 as soon as it is possible 的省略形式。

3 I can discuss the matter with you now， if it is necessary

如有必要，我现在就可以和你讨论此事。

此句中的 if necessary = if it is necessary

四 用 it 指代一个分句乃至整个句子。例如：

1 Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder， but it didn't help

汤姆的妈妈喋喋不休地告诉他应该努力学习，但却无济于事。

2 He is over seventy， but doesn't look like it

他已经七十多岁了，可是看起来却不像那么大。

3 John is trying to finish writing his book this month， but he won't find it easy

约翰想在这个月把书写完，不过他会发现这并不容易。

4 I've broken the mirror It can't be helped

我把镜子打破了，这是无法补救的。

5 They won the match after three hours' struggle It wasn't easy， though

他们经过三个小时的拼搏赢得了这场比赛。不过，这是来之不易的。

注意：代替整个句子的 it ，不能用在 know ， remember， try， tell， forget 等动词之后。例如：

1 － The meeting has been put off

－ Yes， I know （不说： Yes， I know it ）

2 － Remember what he told you

－ I'll remember （不说： Yes， I'll remember it ）

3 － Be sure to tell him the news

－ I won't forget （不说： I won't forget it ）

希望能解决您的问题。

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