先请看下面两道高考题:
1 (2006年山东)I'd appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer
A that B it C this D you
2 (2006年全国卷I)If I can help _______, I don't like working late into the night
A so B that C it D them
这两道题的答案均为it,但是,这两个it并不是一回事。
「析」在例1中,it是形式宾语,它指代的是条件状语从句if you would like to teach me how to use the computer的内容。英语中,it的这种用法要受到谓语动词的限制,不能随便使用。
这种情况主要有以下三种:
1 谓语动词appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love等后接由if或when等引导的从句时,往往在从句前加形式宾语it例如:
①The boy likes it when he's praised before guests (那个孩子喜欢在客人面前受表扬的时刻。)
②I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone (有时非得用法语去打电话,我真感到讨厌。)
2 动词take(认为,理解),hide(隐瞒),publish(公布)等后接由that引导的宾语从句时,往往从句前加上形式宾语it例如:
I take it that you disagree with me (我的理解是,你和我的看法不同。)
3 动词短语answer for(担保),count on(期待),depend on, insist on, see to(确保)等后接that引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语it例如:
①I am counting on it that you will come(我期待着你的到来。)
②Would you see to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim? (你负责保证孩子们在游泳之后吃到一顿热饭,好吗?)
「注」这种情况与我们所熟悉的it作形式宾语的复合结构并不相同,因为在它之后没有形容词或名词作宾语补足语。我们熟悉这些说法:
③I thought it strange that she hadn‘t written (她没有写信,我感到很奇怪。)
④Our teacher made it a rule that we should get to school 10 minutes ahead of time (老师规定,我们提前10分钟到校。)
⑤She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone (她认为他当时不接电话是不对的。)
「析」文章开头第2题中的it含义和用法与第1题迥然不同。这里it用作代词,指代的是working late into the night这件事;if one can help it意为“如果可能,如果办得到”。本句的意思为“要是办得到,我也不愿意工作到深夜”。又如:
①I can't stand it (=this situation) any longer
我再也不能忍受这种情况了。
②What's it like going with you?
和你一起去会是什么样呢?
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原发布者:tata2822603
"It"做形式宾语用法总结当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作宾语时,为保持句子结构平衡,避免句式结构的混乱,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在句尾,构成“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”结构,也可称作“6123结构”。此时it仍只起先行引导作用,本身无词义。它可以代替三种形式:不定式、动名词和宾语从句。it作形式宾语时,需具备两个条件: ①真正的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句;②有宾语补足语,具备了这两个条件,形式宾语it一定要用。⒈it代替不定式短语 think/find/feel/consider/make/regard…+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语 如:①Ifinditpleasanttoworkwithhim(it作形式宾语,代替不定式短语toworkwithhim)②Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime(it作形式宾语,代替不定式短语tofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime)③Shethinksitherdutytohelpus(it作形式宾语,代替不定式短语tohelpus)④Ithinkitmyhonortobeinvitedtospeakhere(it作形式宾语,代替不定式短语tobeinvitedtospeakhere)⑤Tomdidn’tfinditdifficulttowritelettersinChinese(it作形式宾语,代替不定式短语towritelettersinChinese)⑥Allthesenoisesmadeitimpossibleformetogoonwiththe
可用形式宾语 “it + 宾补 + that从句”的常用动词有含“认为”意思是的 think、believe、 find、suppose、expect、imagine、take 等。只要熟记这几个词就可以应用自如。
形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 ①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置
例句:
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries
我每天写日记成了习惯
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要
②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto
例句:
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话
He will have it that our plan is really practical
他会认为我们的计划确实可行
We take it that you will agree with us
我们认为你会同意我们的
When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral
开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
例句:
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的
1I
find
it
difficult
to
get
up
early
in
winter
这一句中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为to
get
up
early
in
winter
difficult为宾补it作形式宾语时,常用于主谓宾宾补
(S+V+O+C0)结构
2I
find
that
he
usually
gets
up
early
in
winter
that
引导宾语从句,整个句子作find
的宾语本句为主谓宾
(S+V+O)结构
希望对你有所帮助!祝你好运!
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