python 根据网段随机生成IPv4地址

def genIP(rule):  
    ip, maskLen = rule.split('/')
    parts = ip.split('.')
    
    # 补全ip，如 10.24 => 10.24.0.0
    while(len(parts) < 4):
        parts.append('0')
    
    # 将IP字符串转化成整数
    ipNum = 0
    for i in parts:
        ipNum = 256*ipNum + int(i)

    # 求出子网的起始和结束位置
    subnetLen = 32 - int(maskLen)
    assert(subnetLen > 1 and subnetLen < 32)
    ipStart = ipNum >> subnetLen << subnetLen   # 子网地址 
    ipEnd = ipStart + 2**(subnetLen) - 1  # 广播地址 
    
    # 整数转化成IP
    def IPNum2str(num):
        result = []
        while num >= 256:
            result.append(num % 256)
            num = num // 256
        result.append(num)
        result.reverse()
        return '.'.join([str(i) for i in result])
    
    import random
    return IPNum2str(random.randint(ipStart+1, ipEnd-1))

测试

rule = '10.8.24.2/24'
for _ in range(30):
    print(genIP(rule))

"""
10.8.24.77
10.8.24.195
10.8.24.57
10.8.24.89
10.8.24.17
10.8.24.79
10.8.24.109
10.8.24.220
10.8.24.26
10.8.24.209
10.8.24.188
10.8.24.185
10.8.24.150
10.8.24.84
10.8.24.8
10.8.24.156
10.8.24.107
10.8.24.41
10.8.24.134
10.8.24.6
10.8.24.205
10.8.24.126
10.8.24.90
10.8.24.22
10.8.24.48
10.8.24.21
10.8.24.65
10.8.24.66
10.8.24.141
10.8.24.108
"""