软件测试之接口测试实验

软件测试之接口测试实验

• 前言
• 一、Postman+Fiddler实验
• 二、Flask框架开发接口实验
• 三、Unittest+requests接口测试实验
• 四、Robotframework框架实验
• 五、持续集成实验（Jenkins）
• 六、Selenium（Python版本）

---

前言

软件测试之接口测试实验

---

一、Postman+Fiddler实验

Postman

Fiddler

二、Flask框架开发接口实验

导入Flask

pip install Flask

导入pymysql

pip install pymysql

SQL语句

select * from test
insert into test(number,name) values (%s,%s)
delete from test where number = %s and name = %s
update test set name = %s where number = %s

代码：

from flask import Flask,request,redirect, url_for
import pymysql
import json

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/selectAccount', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def selectAccount():
    conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='123456', db='test', port=3306, charset='utf8')
    cur = conn.cursor()  # 获取一个游标
    cur.execute('select * from test')
    data = cur.fetchall()
    data1 = []
    # 自己拼Json
    result = {
        'msg': '',
        'code':0,
        'data': []
    }
    for d in data:
        data2 = {
            'id':0,
            'number':"",
            'name':""
        }
        data2['id'] = d[0]
        data2['number'] = d[1]
        data2['name'] = d[2]
        data1.append(data2)
    result['data'] = data1
    result['msg'] = "success"
    conn.close()
    return result

@app.route('/addAccount', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def addAccount():
    conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='123456', db='test', port=3306, charset='utf8')
    cur = conn.cursor()  # 获取一个游标
    number = request.values.get("number")
    name = request.values.get("name")
    result = {
        'msg': '',
        'code': 0,
    }
    try:
        cur.execute('insert into test(number,name) values (%s,%s)',(number,name))
        conn.commit()  # 提交到数据库执行
        result['msg'] = '添加成功'
    except:
        conn.rollback()  # 如果发生错误则回滚
        result['msg'] = '添加失败'
        result['code'] = -1
    # 关闭数据库连接
    conn.close()
    return result

@app.route('/deleteAccount', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def deleteAccount():
    conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='123456', db='test', port=3306, charset='utf8')
    cur = conn.cursor()  # 获取一个游标
    number = request.values.get("number")
    name = request.values.get("name")
    result = {
        'msg': '',
        'code': 0,
    }
    try:
        cur.execute('delete from test where number = %s and name = %s',(number,name))
        conn.commit()  # 提交到数据库执行
        result['msg'] = '删除成功'
    except:
        conn.rollback()  # 如果发生错误则回滚
        result['msg'] = '删除失败'
        result['code'] = -1
    # 关闭数据库连接
    conn.close()
    return result

@app.route('/updateAccount', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def updateAccount():
    conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='123456', db='test', port=3306, charset='utf8')
    cur = conn.cursor()  # 获取一个游标
    number = request.values.get("number")
    name = request.values.get("name")
    result = {
        'msg': '',
        'code': 0,
    }
    try:
        cur.execute('update test set name = %s where number = %s',(name,number))
        conn.commit()  # 提交到数据库执行
        result['msg'] = '修改成功'
    except:
        conn.rollback()  # 如果发生错误则回滚
        result['msg'] = '修改失败'
        result['code'] = -1
    # 关闭数据库连接
    conn.close()
    return result

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

---

三、Unittest+requests接口测试实验

代码：

import unittest
import os
import requests
import xlrd
from parameterized import parameterized

# 项目路径
base_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)))

def pustRequests(path,query,method):
    url ="http://127.0.0.1:5000%s"%path
    number = ''
    name = ''
    if query != '':
        number = query.split('&')[0].split('=')[1]
        name = query.split('&')[1].split('=')[1]
        print(number)
    if method == 'post' or method == 'POST':
        return requests.post(url=url,params={'number':number,'name':name}).json()
    if method == 'get' or method =='GET':
        return requests.get(url=url,params={'number':number,'name':name}).json()


# 读取测试用例Els(最新的xlrd不支持Excel)
def readExcel(file_name):
    path = base_path + '\FlaskTest\' + file_name
    work_book = xlrd.open_workbook(path)  # 打开Excel表
    sheets = work_book.sheet_names()  # 获取所有的sheets页
    DatasList = []
    for sheet in sheets:
        sheets = work_book.sheet_by_name(sheet)
        nrows = sheets.nrows
        for i in range(0, nrows):
            values = sheets.row_values(i)
            DatasList.append(values)
    title_list = DatasList[0]
    content_list = DatasList[1:]
    return content_list
    # new_list = []
    # for content in content_list:
    #     dic = {}
    #     for i in range(len(content)):
    #         dic[title_list[i]] = content[i]
    #     new_list.append(dic)
    # print(new_list)
    # return new_list

class testCase(unittest.TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls) -> None:  # setupclass类方法  全部用例开始前执行一次
        print('开始写入接口自动化测试用例')

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls) -> None:
        print('自动化接口用例结束')

    def setUp(self) -> None:
        print()
        print('开始本条接口用例')

    def tearDown(self) -> None:
        print('结束本条用例')
        print()

    # 开始使用parameterized
    @parameterized.expand(readExcel("AccountCase.xls"))
    def test_account(self,case_name,path,query,method):# 用例方法名开头必须test
        print("此次用例名为：" + str(case_name))
        print("路径为：" + str(path))
        print("参数为：" + str(query))
        print("方法为：" + str(method))
        print("返回结果为：" + str(pustRequests(path,query,method)))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    load = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase(TestLogin)  # 使用loader加载方式 来找寻所有已test开头的用例
    suite = unittest.TestSuite([load, ])

parameterized只能对于数组有效，对于Json不太管用，所以获取表中测试实例的代码注释的那一段就是多余的！！！

四、Robotframework框架实验

安装Robotframework

安装Robotframework-ride

启动ride

新建测试用例：


用例代码：

*** Settings ***
Library           RequestsLibrary
Library           Collections

*** Test Cases ***
addAccount
    create session    webindex    http://127.0.0.1:5000
    ${para}    create dictionary    number=xxx    name=xxx
    ${res}    get request    webindex    /addAccount    params=${para}
    ${json}    to json    ${res.text}
    ${code}    get from dictionary    ${json}    code
    ${msg}    get from dictionary    ${json}    msg
    ${msg}    convert to String    ${msg}
    Should Be Equal As Strings    添加成功    ${msg}

selectAccont
    create session    webindex    http://127.0.0.1:5000
    ${res}    get request    webindex    /selectAccount
    ${json}    to json    ${res.text}
    ${code}    get from dictionary    ${json}    code
    ${msg}    get from dictionary    ${json}    msg
    ${msg}    convert to String    ${msg}
    Should Be Equal As Strings    查找成功    ${msg}

updateAccount
    create session    webindex    http://127.0.0.1:5000
    ${para}    create dictionary    number=xxx    name=xxx
    ${res}    get request    webindex    /updateAccount    params=${para}
    ${json}    to json    ${res.text}
    ${code}    get from dictionary    ${json}    code
    ${msg}    get from dictionary    ${json}    msg
    ${msg}    convert to String    ${msg}
    Should Be Equal As Strings    修改成功    ${msg}

deleteAccount
    create session    webindex    http://127.0.0.1:5000
    ${para}    create dictionary    number=xxx    name=xxx
    ${res}    get request    webindex    /deleteAccount    params=${para}
    ${json}    to json    ${res.text}
    ${code}    get from dictionary    ${json}    code
    ${msg}    get from dictionary    ${json}    msg
    ${msg}    convert to String    ${msg}
    Should Be Equal As Strings    删除成功    ${msg}

运行结果：

五、持续集成实验（Jenkins）

安装

运行

实验三定时：

构建命令：
PyCharm复制就行

实验四在实验三之后构建：

构建命令在ride运行的command，复制就行


运行效果：

POST是实验3的请求，GET是实验4的请求

六、Selenium（Python版本）

Win+R命令行输入pip install selenium

2、功能说明：
Selenium是ThoughtWork专门为Web应用程序编写的一个验收测试工具。支持的浏览器包括IE、Mozilla Firefox、MozillaSuite等。框架底层使用JavaScript模拟真实用户对浏览器进行 *** 作。
功能：
（1）测试与浏览器的兼容性—测试你的应用程序看是否能够很好得工作在不同的浏览器和 *** 作系统之上。
（2）测试系统功能—创建回归测试检验软件功能和用户需求。支持自动录制动作和自动生成.net、java、perl等不同语言的测试脚本。
3、使用Demo：
下载对应浏览器的驱动：

测试接口：

测试UI：
访问页面链接
获取对应id的输入框并进行输入
获取对应id的按钮并点击


使用代码：

#启动浏览器输入网址
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path = chrome_driver)
url = ' http://localhost:8081/'
driver.get(url)

#寻找指定id的文本框输入值
driver.find_element_by_id('account').send_keys('123456')

#寻找指定id的按钮并点击
driver.find_element_by_id('login').click()

#寻找指定的xpath的控件并进行相关 *** 作
driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div/section/section/main/div[1]/div/div[3]/div[4]/div[2]/table/tbody/tr[1]/td[4]/div/button[1]').click()

当实在不知道怎么找到某个控件的时候，可以尝试xpath，或者说，直接用xpath就完了，谁用谁上瘾

指定控件的xpath的获取方法（谷歌为例）：
在想要获取控件xpath的页面按下Fn+F12或者右键点击检查

选择指针工具，点击你想要的那个控件，会自动跳到该控件的html代码

右键相应的html代码，选择复制->复制完整XPath，就复制完毕了