Cookie&Session

Cookie&Session,第1张

  1. 服务端给客户端一个信件,证明他已经访问过服务端,下次再访问的时候识别到这个信件即可访问,这个信件保存在客户端:cookie
  2. 服务端标记已经访问过的客户端,下次访问的时候和标记进行对比,对比成功即可访问:session

常见应用:网站登录过一次后,下次进行访问不用再登陆了。

Cookie
  1. 从请求中拿到cookie
  2. 第一次访问获得一个cookie(信件),保存在客户端
  3. 不是第一次访问的话,会在cookie数组中找到cookie
public class CreateCookie extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置编码类型,防止中文乱码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();

        //因为cookie保存在客户端中,所以从请求中获取一个cookie的数组
        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
        //如果不是第一次访问,cookie会保存在cookie数组中,循环遍历数组
        int i = 0;
        while (i < cookies.length) {
            if (cookies[i].getName().equals("dateTime")) {
                long l = Long.parseLong(cookies[i].getValue());
                Date date = new Date(l);
                out.write("第一次访问的日期为:" + date.toLocaleString());break;
            }
            i++;
        }

        //如果是第一次访问,把cookie添加到cookie数组中,服务端给客户端响应一个cookie
        if (i == cookies.length) {
            out.write("第一次访问cookie并添加访问日期");
            Cookie cookie = new Cookie("dateTime", System.currentTimeMillis() + "");
            cookie.setMaxAge(86400); //设置cookie的持续时间为一天,以"秒"为单位
            resp.addCookie(cookie);
        }

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

一个网站的cookie是否存在上限

  • 一个cookie只能存放一个信息
  • 一个web站点可以给客户端多个cookie,但上限为20个
  • cookie大小有限制
  • 300个cookie为浏览器的上限,即一个cookie数组最多存放300个cookie

删除cookie

  • 不设置有效期,直接关闭浏览器,cookie自动失效
  • 设置有效期为0
public class DestoryCookie extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("dateTime", System.currentTimeMillis() + ""); //cookie的名字一定要和保存到cookie数组中的名字一样,不然没有效果
        cookie.setMaxAge(0); //设置有效期为0

        resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
Session

什么是session:

  • 服务端会给每个客户端创建一个标记,相当于登记了这个客户端,session就是这个标记,有一个唯一的sessionId
  • 一个session独占一个浏览器,只要浏览器没有关闭,这个session就存在

session在创建时实际做的事:

//前一个为session的名字,后一个为session唯一的id
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID", "1B6AB1CE1F5395AF8EC38FAE8ABFCA35");
resp.addCookie(cookie);
  1. 在session中存放数据
public class CreatSession extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");

        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();

        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        //在session中存放一个user
        session.setAttribute("user", "XXXX"); 

		//浏览器一打开session就会存在,所以一开始走的就是else,如果手动删除或者设置session有效期后,走的就是if
        if (session.isNew())
            out.write("第一次创建session:" + session.getId());
        else
            out.write("session已经存在!" + " session的ID为:" + session.getId());
        
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}
  1. 从session中获取数据
public class GetSession extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");

        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String user = (String) session.getAttribute("user"); //获取user

        resp.getWriter().write(user);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }

  1. 删除session

手动删除

public class DestorySession extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.invalidate();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

设置有效期(在web.xml中配置)


  <session-config>
    <session-timeout>15session-timeout>
  session-config>

cookie和session的区别

  • cookie是把用户的数据写给客户端,保存在客户端(浏览器)
  • session把用户的数据写到用户独占的session,由服务端保存(只保存重要的信息,避免浪费)
  • session对象由服务器创建

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原文地址: http://outofmemory.cn/langs/917387.html

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