MYSQL教程Keepalived+HAProxy实现MySQL高可用负载均衡的配置

概述介绍《MYSQL教程Keepalived+HAProxy实现MySQL高可用负载均衡的配置》开发教程，希望对您有用。

《MysqL教程Keepalived+HAProxy实现MysqL高可用负载均衡的配置》要点：
本文介绍了MysqL教程Keepalived+HAProxy实现MysqL高可用负载均衡的配置，希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。

 KeepalivedMysqL进修

由于在生产环境使用了MysqLcluster,必要实现高可用负载均衡,这里提供了keepalived+haproxy来实现.MysqL学习

      keepalived主要功效是实现真实机器的故障隔离及负载均衡器间的失败切换.可在第3,4,5层交换.它通过VRRPv2(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) stack实现的.MysqL学习

      Layer3:Keepalived会定期向服务器群中的服务器.发送一个ICMP的数据包(既我们平时用的Ping程序),如果发现某台服务的IP地址没有激活,Keepalived便申报这台服务器失效,并将它从服务器群中剔除,这种情况的典型例子是某台服务器被非法关机.Layer3的方式是以服务器的IP地址是否有效作为服务器工作正常与否的标准.MysqL学习

     Layer4:主要以TCP端口的状态来决议服务器工作正常与否.如web server的服务端口一般是80,如果Keepalived检测到80端口没有启动,则Keepalived将把这台服务器从服务器群中剔除.MysqL学习

     Layer5:在网络上占用的带宽也要大一些.Keepalived将根据用户的设定检查服务器法式的运行是否正常,如果与用户的设定不相符,则Keepalived将把服务器从服务器群中剔除.MysqL学习

Software Design
MysqL进修

MysqL进修

keepalived启动后会有单个过程MysqL学习

8352 ?    Ss   0:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived8353 ?    S   0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/keepalived8356 ?    S   0:01 \_ /usr/sbin/keepalived

父进程:内存治理,子进程治理等等MysqL学习

子过程:VRRP子过程MysqL学习

子过程:Healthchecking 子过程
实例MysqL学习

2台MysqLcluster 10.1.6.203 master  10.1.6.205 backupMysqL进修

vip 10.1.6.173MysqL进修

目的拜访10.1.6.173 3366端口 分别轮询通过haproxy转发到10.1.6.203 3306 和10.1.6.205 3306MysqL学习

MysqLcluster搭建参照之前博客,这里在2台机上安装keepalivedMysqL进修

[email protected]:~# apt-get install [email protected]:~# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf vrrp_script chk_haproxy {    script "killall -0 haproxy"  # verify the pID existance    interval 2          # check every 2 seconds    weight -2          # add 2 points of prio if OK} vrrp_instance VI_1 {    interface eth1        # interface to monitor    state MASTER             virtual_router_ID 51     # Assign one ID for this route    priority 101         # 101 on master,100 on backup    nopreempt    deBUG     virtual_ipaddress {        10.1.6.173    }     track_script {    #注意大括号空格        chk_haproxy    }     notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_haproxy.sh #表示当切换到master状态时,要执行的脚本    notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keepalived.sh #故障时执行的脚本    notify_stop  /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_haproxy.sh #keepalived停止运行前运行notify_stop指定的脚本 }

VRRPD配置包含三个类:MysqL学习

VRRP同步组(synchroization group) VRRP实例(VRRP Instance) VRRP剧本

这里使用了 VRRP实例,VRRP剧本MysqL学习

注意设置装备摆设选项:MysqL学习

stat:指定instance(Initial)的初始状态,就是说在配置好后,这台服务器的初始状态就是这里指定的,但这里指定的不算,还是得要通过竞选通过优先级来确定,里如果这里设置为master,但如若他的优先级不及另外一台,那么这台在发送通告时,会发送本身的优先级,另外一台发现优先级不如本身的高,那么他会就回抢占为masterMysqL学习

interface：实例绑定的网卡,因为在配置虚拟IP的时候必需是在已有的网卡上添加的 priority 101：设置本节点的优先级,优先级高的为master deBUG：deBUG级别 nopreempt:设置为不抢占

vrrp_script chk_haproxy {    script "killall -0 haproxy"  # verify the pID existance    interval 2          # check every 2 seconds 脚本执行间隔    weight -2          # add 2 points of prio if OK 脚本结果导致的优先级变更：2表示优先级+2；-2则表示优先级-2}

然后在实例(vrrp_instance)里面引用,有点类似脚本里面的函数引用一样：先定义,后引用函数名
MysqL学习

    track_script {        chk_haproxy    }

注意：VRRP剧本(vrrp_script)和VRRP实例(vrrp_instance)属于同一个级别MysqL学习

[email protected]:scripts# cat start_haproxy.sh #!/bin/bash sleep 5get=`ip addr |grep 10.1.6.173 |wc -l`echo $get >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log if [ $get -eq 1 ]then    echo "`date +%c` success to get vip" >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_ha.log    /usr/local/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfgelse    echo "`date +%c` can not get vip" >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/[email protected]:scripts# cat stop_keepalived.sh #!/bin/bash pID=`pIDof keepalived`if [ $pID == "" ]then  echo "`date +%c` no keepalived process ID" >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keep.logelse  echo "`date +%c` will stop keepalived " >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keep.log  /etc/init.d/keepalived stopfi /etc/init.d/keepalived stop [email protected]:scripts# cat stop_haproxy.sh #!/bin/bash pID=`pIDof haproxy`echo "`date +%c` stop haproxy" >> /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_ha.logkill -9 $pID

同理设置装备摆设10.1.6.205MysqL学习

[email protected]:~# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf vrrp_script chk_haproxy {  script "killall -0 haproxy"  # verify the pID existance  interval 2          # check every 2 seconds  weight 2           # add 2 points of prio if OK} vrrp_instance VI_1 {  interface eth1        # interface to monitor  state BACKUP  virtual_router_ID 51     # Assign one ID for this route  priority 100         # 101 on master,100 on backup  virtual_ipaddress {    10.1.6.173  }   track_script {    chk_haproxy  } notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/start_haproxy.shnotify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_keepalived.shnotify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop_haproxy.sh }

 HAProxyMysqL进修

下面再先容下haproxyMysqL学习

       HAProxy是一款基于TCP(第四层)和http(第七层)应用的代理软件,它也可作为负载均衡器.可以支持数以万计的并发连接.同时可以掩护服务器不暴露到网络上,通过端口映射.它还自带监控服务器状态的页面.MysqL学习

      安装haproxyMysqL进修

wget -O/tmp/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/src/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gztar xvfz /tmp/haproxy-1.4.22.tar.gz -C /tmp/cd /tmp/haproxy-1.4.22make TARGET=linux26make install

      haproxy必要对每一个MysqLcluster服务器进行健康检查MysqL学习

1.在2台主机分离配置haproxy.cfgMysqL学习

[email protected]:scripts# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg global    maxconn 51200 #默认最大连接数     #uID 99    #gID 99    daemon    #以后台形式运行haproxy    #quIEt    nbproc 1   #进程数量(可以设置多个进程提高性能)     pIDfile /etc/haproxy/haproxy.pID #haproxy的pID存放路径,启动进程的用户必须有权限访问此文件  defaults    mode tcp      #所处理的类别 (#7层 http;4层tcp )     option redispatch  #serverID对应的服务器挂掉后,强制定向到其他健康的服务器     option abortonclose #当服务器负载很高的时候,自动结束掉当前队列处理比较久的连接     timeout connect 5000s  #连接超时    timeout clIEnt 50000s #客户端超时    timeout server 50000s  #服务器超时    log 127.0.0.1 local0  #错误日志记录    balance roundrobin  #默认的负载均衡的方式,轮询方式  Listen proxy    bind 10.1.6.173:3366  #监听端口     mode tcp        #http的7层模式    option httpchk    #心跳检测的文件    server db1 10.1.6.203:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3   #服务器定义,check inter 12000是检测心跳频率 rise 3是3次正确认为服务器可用,fall 3是3次失败认为服务器不可用,weight代表权重     server db2 10.1.6.205:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3 Listen haproxy_stats    mode http    bind 10.1.6.173:8888    option httplog    stats refresh 5s      stats uri /status #网站健康检测URL,用来检测HAProxy管理的网站是否可以用,正常返回200,不正常返回503     stats realm Haproxy Manager    stats auth admin:p@a1SZs24 #账号暗码[email protected]:~$ cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg global    maxconn 51200    #uID 99    #gID 99    daemon    #quIEt    nbproc 1    pIDfile /etc/haproxy/haproxy.pID defaults    mode tcp    option redispatch      option abortonclose    timeout connect 5000s    timeout clIEnt 50000s    timeout server 50000s    log 127.0.0.1 local0    balance roundrobin  Listen proxy    bind 10.1.6.173:3366    mode tcp    option httpchk    server db1 10.1.6.203:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3    server db2 10.1.6.205:3306 weight 1 check port 9222 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3 Listen haproxy_stats    mode http    bind 10.1.6.173:8888    option httplog    stats refresh 5s      stats uri /status     stats realm Haproxy Manager    stats auth admin:p@a1SZs24

2.安装xinetdMysqL学习

[email protected]:~# apt-get install xinetd

3.在每个节点添加xinetd服务脚本和MysqLchk端标语MysqL学习

[email protected]:~# vim /etc/xinetd.d/MysqLchk # default: on# description: MysqLchkservice MysqLchk         #必要在servive定义{    flags      = REUSE    socket_type   = stream    port      = 9222    wait      = no    user      = nobody    server     = /opt/MysqLchk     log_on_failure += USERID    disable     = no    per_source   = UNliMITED    bind      = 10.1.6.173} [email protected]:~# vim /etc/services MysqLchk    9222/tcp            # MysqLchk

4.编写MysqLchk监控服务脚本MysqL学习

[email protected]:~# ls -l /opt/MysqLchk -rwxr--r-- 1 nobody root 1994 2013-09-17 11:27 /opt/[email protected]:~# cat /opt/MysqLchk #!/bin/bash## This script checks if a MysqL server is healthy running on localhost. It will# return:# "http/1.x 200 OK\r" (if MysqL is running smoothly)# - OR -# "http/1.x 500 Internal Server Error\r" (else)## The purpose of this script is make haproxy capable of monitoring MysqL properly# MysqL_HOST="localhost"MysqL_SOCKET="/var/run/MysqLd/MysqLd.sock"MysqL_USERname="MysqLchkusr"   #该账户暗码需要在MysqL里添加MysqL_PASSWORD="secret"MysqL_OPTS="-N -q -A"TMP_file="/dev/shm/MysqLchk.$$.out"ERR_file="/dev/shm/MysqLchk.$$.err"FORCE_FAIL="/dev/shm/proxyoff"MysqL_BIN="/opt/MysqLcluster/MysqL-cluster-gpl-7.2.6-linux2.6-x86_64/bin/MysqL"CHECK_query="select 1" preflight_check(){  for I in "$TMP_file" "$ERR_file"; do    if [ -f "$I" ]; then      if [ ! -w $I ]; then        echo -e "http/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n"        echo -e "Content-Type: Content-Type: text/plain\r\n"        echo -e "\r\n"        echo -e "Cannot write to $I\r\n"        echo -e "\r\n"        exit 1      fi    fi  done} return_ok(){  echo -e "http/1.1 200 OK\r\n"  echo -e "Content-Type: text/HTML\r\n"  echo -e "Content-Length: 43\r\n"  echo -e "\r\n"  echo -e "<HTML><body>MysqL is running.</body></HTML>\r\n"  echo -e "\r\n"  rm $ERR_file $TMP_file  exit 0}return_fail(){  echo -e "http/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n"  echo -e "Content-Type: text/HTML\r\n"  echo -e "Content-Length: 42\r\n"  echo -e "\r\n"  echo -e "<HTML><body>MysqL is *down*.</body></HTML>\r\n"  sed -e 's/\n$/\r\n/' $ERR_file  echo -e "\r\n"  rm $ERR_file $TMP_file  exit 1}preflight_checkif [ -f "$FORCE_FAIL" ]; then    echo "$FORCE_FAIL found" > $ERR_file    return_fail;fi$MysqL_BIN $MysqL_OPTS --host=$MysqL_HOST --socket=$MysqL_SOCKET --user=$MysqL_USERname --password=$MysqL_PASSWORD -e "$CHECK_query" > $TMP_file 2> $ERR_fileif [ $? -ne 0 ]; then    return_fail;fireturn_ok;

测试MysqL学习

2个节点开启keepalived(主节点会得到vip,自动拉起haproxy),xinetdMysqL学习

[email protected]:~# ip add1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNowN   link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00  inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo2: eth0: <broADCAST,MulTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN qlen 1000  link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:81 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  inet 211.151.105.186/26 brd 211.151.105.191 scope global eth03: eth1: <broADCAST,MulTICAST,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000  link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:83 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  inet 10.1.6.203/24 brd 10.1.6.255 scope global eth1  inet 10.1.6.173/32 scope global eth14: eth2: <broADCAST,MulTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000  link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:85 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff5: eth3: <broADCAST,MulTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000  link/ether 00:26:b9:36:0f:87 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:[email protected]:~# netstat -tunlp | grep hatcp    0   0 10.1.6.173:3366   0.0.0.0:*        ListEN   1042/haproxy  tcp    0   0 10.1.6.203:8888   0.0.0.0:*        ListEN   1042/haproxy  udp    0   0 0.0.0.0:56562      0.0.0.0:*              1042/haproxy  [email protected]:~# netstat -tunlp | grep xinetcp    0   0 10.1.6.203:9222   0.0.0.0:*        ListEN   30897/xinetd  [email protected]:~# ps -ef | grep haproxyroot   1042   1 0 Sep17 ?    00:00:00 /usr/local/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

测试:MysqL进修

通过vip10.1.6.173 3366拜访cluster数据库(注意账户dave权限需要加3个ip10.1.6.203,10.1.6.205,10.1.6.173)MysqL学习

[email protected]:mgm# MysqL -udave -p -h 10.1.6.173 -P 3366Enter password: Welcome to the MysqL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MysqL connection ID is 1344316Server version: 5.5.22-ndb-7.2.6-gpl-log MysqL Cluster Community Server (GPL) Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. MysqL> show databases;+--------------------+| Database      |+--------------------+| information_schema | | dave       | | test        | +--------------------+3 rows in set (0.01 sec) MysqL>

手动分别使keepalive,haproxy,数据库挂掉.vip10.1.6.173会自动漂到10.1.6.205从上,并不影响vip的拜访MysqL学习

经由过程vip,haproxy查看各节点状态MysqL学习

http://10.1.6.173:8888/status
MysqL进修

MysqL进修

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