连接数据库:1、在dos窗口下,进入数据库的安装目录的bin目录下,使用MysqLd命令启动数据库服务,或者在计算机的服务里面启动MysqL服务2、另外打开一个dos窗口,进入数据库的安装目录的bin目录下,使用命令连接数据库服务器:MysqL -u root -p
一、数据库的创建、修改、备份、恢复创建一个名称为mydb1的数据库create database mydb1;show databases;创建一个使用utf-8字符集的mydb2数据库。create database mydb2 character set utf8;创建一个使用utf-8字符集,并带校对规则的mydb3数据库。create database mydb3 character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;查看前面创建的mydb2数据库的定义信息show create database mydb2;删除前面创建的mydb1数据库drop database mydb1;查看服务器中的数据库,并把其中某一个库的字符集修改为gb2312;alter database mydb2 character set gb2312;show create database mydb2;演示恢复和备份create database tt;use tt;create table a( name varchar(20));insert into a(name) values('aaaa');select * from a;-----看到a表有数据对tt作备份 *** 作,启动一个window命令行窗口,进入数据库的安装目录的bin目录下,执行如下命令MysqLdump -uroot -p tt>c:\tt.sql演示恢复1.先删除库drop database tt;2.恢复tt库(1) 2.1 为恢复库,要先创建库 create database tt; 2.2 再恢复tt库 use tt; source c:\tt.sql (source:可以执行一个 sql脚本) 3.恢复tt库(2) 2.1 为恢复库,要先创建库 create database tt; 2.2 恢复库 MysqL -uroot -proot tt 创建一个员工表use mydb2;create table employee( ID int, name varchar(40), sex varchar(4), birthday date, entry_date date, job varchar(40), salary decimal(8,2), resume text);show tables; 查看库的所有表show create table employee; 查看表的创建细节desc employee; 看表结构在上面员工表的基本上增加一个image列。alter table employee add image blob;修改job列,使其长度为60。alter table employee modify job varchar(60);删除sex列alter table employee drop sex;表名改为user。rename table employee to user;修改表的字符集为utf-8alter table user character set utf8;列名name修改为usernamealter table user change column name username varchar(40);删除表drop table user; 使用insert语句向表中插入三个员工的信息。(插入的字符和日期类型数据应该加上单引号)rename table user to employee;insert into employee(ID,username,birthday,entry_date,job,salary,resume) values(1,'aaa','2015-09-29','1980-09-09','bbb',90,'aaaaa');select * from employee;插入数据的细节1(可以不用指明字段,只要插入的值和表的字段完全匹配就行)insert into employee values(1,'aaaaa');插入数据的细节2(可以把每个插入的字段值都加上单引号,MysqL拿到数据以后会自动去转换成相应的类型)insert into employee values('1','90','aaaaa');插入数据的时候都用单引号引起来,省的数据报错,如果ID引起来的话,MysqL会自动转换类型的。插入数据的细节3(插入中文) 要告诉MysqL客户端采用gb2312编码 show variables like 'chara%'; set character_set_clIEnt=gb2312; insert into employee(ID,username) values('3','张三'); 要想查看时不乱码 show variables like 'chara%'; set character_set_results=gb2312; select * from employee; 将所有员工薪水修改为5000元。update employee set salary=5000;将姓名为’bbb’的员工薪水修改为3000元。update employee set salary=3000 where username='bbb';将姓名为’bbb的员工薪水修改为4000元,job改为ccc。update employee set salary=4000,job='ccc' where username='bbb';将bbb的薪水在原有基础上增加1000元。update employee set salary=salary+1000 where username='bbb';更新要注意的问题update employee set username='ccc',salary=9000,birthday='1980-09-09',.....................update where ID=1;这个地方忘记写where,后果是很严重的。 删除表中名称为’zs’的记录。delete from employee where username='bbb';删除表中所有记录。delete from employee;使用truncate删除表中记录。truncate table employee;delete 和truncate table的区别delete是把表中的记录一条一条地删除,truncate是摧毁表结构,再重建表结构 查询表中所有学生的信息。select * from student;查询表中所有学生的姓名和对应的英语成绩。select name,english from student;过滤表中重复的英语数据。select distinct english from student;在所有学生总分上加10分特长分。select name,(chinese+english+math)+10 from student;统计每个学生的总分。select name,(chinese+english+math) from student;使用别名表示学生分数。select name as 姓名,(chinese+english+math)+10 as 总分 from student;select name 姓名,(chinese+english+math)+10 总分 from student;查询姓名为王五的学生成绩select * from student where name='王五';查询英语成绩大于90分的同学select * from student where english>'90';查询总分大于200分的所有同学select name from student where (chinese+english+math)>200;查询英语分数在 80-90之间的同学。select name from student where english>80 and english<90;select name from student where english between 80 and 90; == select name from student where english>=80 and english<=90;查询数学分数为89,91的同学。select * from student where math in(89,91);查询所有姓李的学生成绩。select * from student where name like '李%';select * from student where name like '李_';查询数学分>80,语文分>80的同学。select * from student where math>80 and chinese>80;对数学成绩排序后输出。select name,math from student order by math; 对总分排序后输出,然后再按从高到低的顺序输出select name 姓名,(chinese+english+math) 总分 from student order by (chinese+english+math) desc;select name 姓名,(chinese+english+math) 总分 from student order by 总分 desc;对姓李的学生成绩排序输出select * from student where name like '李%' order by (chinese+english+math) desc;统计一个班级共有多少学生?select count(name) from student;select count(*) from student;统计数学成绩大于90的学生有多少个?select count(*) from student where math>80;统计总分大于250的人数有多少?select count(*) from student where (chinese+english+math)>250;关于 count的函数的细节 (count只统计有值的行,当统计列时,如果列值为空则不统计该列)统计一个班级数学总成绩?select sum(math) from student;统计一个班级语文、英语、数学各科的总成绩select sum(chinese),sum(english),sum(math) from student;统计一个班级语文、英语、数学的成绩总和select sum(chinese+english+math) from student;统计一个班级语文成绩平均分select sum(chinese)/count(*) from student;统计一个班级语文成绩平均分select avg(chinese) from student;求一个班级总分平均分select avg(chinese+math+english) from student;求班级最高分和最低分select max(chinese+math+english),min(chinese+math+english) from student;对订单表中商品归类后,显示每一类商品的总价select product,sum(price) from orders group by product;查询购买了几类商品,并且每类总价大于100的商品select product from orders group by product having sum(price)>100;where和having的区别两者都可用于过滤,但是where后面不能跟合计函数,having可以跟合计函数,一般和group by结合使用 定义主键约束(每一个表必须有一个主键列,不允许为空,必须插入)create table student( ID int primary key, name varchar(40));定义主键自动增长(程序员不用管定义为主键自动增长的字段,由数据库统管理,注意当删除了一条记录后再插入一条记录自动增长的字段会跳过之前出现过的值,因为已经加到那个值了,会继续添加)create table student( ID int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(40));定义唯一约束(该字段的值不能重复,如名字不能重复)drop table student;create table student( ID int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(40) unique);定义非空约束(该字段的值不能为空)drop table student;create table student( ID int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(40) unique not null);定义外键约束create table husband( ID int primary key, name varchar(40));create table wife( ID int primary key, husband_ID int, constraint husband_ID_FK foreign key(husband_ID) references husband(ID)); 一对多或多对一的对象存到数据库时,表的设计方案部门和员工create table department( ID int primary key, name varchar(40));create table employee( ID int primary key, department_ID int, constraint department_ID_FK foreign key(department_ID) references department(ID));多对多对象的表的设计(老师和学生)create table teacher( ID int primary key,2));create table student( ID int primary key, name varchar(40));create table teacher_student( teacher_ID int, student_ID int, primary key(teacher_ID,student_ID), constraint teacher_ID_FK foreign key(teacher_ID) references teacher(ID), constraint student_ID_FK foreign key(student_ID) references student(ID) ); 一对一的对象的数据库设计create table person( ID int primary key, name varchar(40));create table IDcard( ID int primary key, city varchar(40), constraint ID_FK foreign key(ID) references person(ID) );自连接的表create table person( ID int primary key, parent_ID int, constraint parent_ID_FK foreign key(parent_ID) references person(ID)); 以上是内存溢出为你收集整理的Mysql系列一:SQL入门全部内容,希望文章能够帮你解决Mysql系列一:SQL入门所遇到的程序开发问题。 如果觉得内存溢出网站内容还不错,欢迎将内存溢出网站推荐给程序员好友。 欢迎分享,转载请注明来源:内存溢出
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