这是官方网站找到的解释:http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=DatabaseIsLocked
下面我做了几个实验:
1、多个线程(pthread),使用同一个句柄(一次sqlite3_open,同一个数据库文件),在多个线程中同时使用此句柄,这些线程中有的是进行select *** 作的,有的是进行update *** 作的,使用的都是sqlite3_exec函数;结果是没有发现database is locked错误;
程序源码(mutitrhead.c):
#include <sqlite3.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <pthread.h>#include <string.h>#include "main.h"#ifdef _WIN32#include <windows.h>#define sleep(x) Sleep((x)*1000)#else#define sleep(x) sleep(x)#endif#define CREATE_sql \ "CREATE table IF NOT EXISTS \"mutiprocess\" (" \ "\"ID\" INTEGER NOT NulL PRIMARY KEY," \ "\"src\" TEXT(1024)," \ "\"vIDeotype\" INTEGER NOT NulL," \ "\"postfiledir\" TEXT(1024)" \ ");"#define REPLACE_sql "REPLACE INTO mutiprocess (ID,src,vIDeotype,postfiledir) VALUES(NulL,%d,%d)"#define UPDATE_sql "UPDATE mutiprocess SET vIDeotype = '2' WHERE ID = 1"#define SELECT_sql "SELECT * FROM mutiprocess"static voID* select_cf(voID *param){ int rc = -1; sqlite3 *db = (sqlite3*)param; char *szErrMsg; pthread_t tID; tID = pthread_self(); while(1){ rc = sqlite3_exec(db,SELECT_sql,&szErrMsg); if (rc != sqlITE_OK) { printf("tID %u -- select error.[%s] -- rc=[%d]\n",tID,szErrMsg,rc); if(strstr(szErrMsg,"database is locked")){ printf("<database is locked> when executing [%s],retry after 1 second.\n",SELECT_sql); } }else{ printf("tID %u -- successfully execute [%s].\n",SELECT_sql); } sleep(1); }}static voID* update_cf(voID *param){ int rc = -1; sqlite3 *db = (sqlite3*)param; char *szErrMsg; pthread_t tID; tID = pthread_self(); while(1){ rc = sqlite3_exec(db,UPDATE_sql,&szErrMsg); if (rc != sqlITE_OK) { printf("tID %u -- update error.[%s] -- rc=[%d]\n",UPDATE_sql); } }else{ printf("tID %u -- successfully execute [%s].\n",UPDATE_sql); } sleep(1); }}int main(){ pthread_t pID[20]; int rc; sqlite3 *db = 0; char *szErrMsg; int i = 0; char sql[1024] = {0}; rc = sqlite3_open("mutiprocess.db",&db); if (rc != sqlITE_OK) { printf("open sqlite3 error.\n"); } rc = sqlite3_exec(db,CREATE_sql,&szErrMsg); if (rc != sqlITE_OK) { printf("create db error-[%s]\n",szErrMsg); } for(i = 0; i < 4; i++){ sprintf(sql,REPLACE_sql,i,i); rc = sqlite3_exec(db,sql,&szErrMsg); if (rc != sqlITE_OK) { printf("replace db error-[%s]\n",szErrMsg); } } for(i = 0; i < 10; i++){ pthread_create(&(pID[i]),select_cf,db); pthread_detach(pID[i]); } for(; i < 20; i++){ pthread_create(&(pID[i]),update_cf,db); pthread_detach(pID[i]); } while(1){ sleep(-1); } return 0;}
编译:gcc -o mutitrhead mutitrhead.c -lsqlite3 -lpthread
运行:./mutithread
注意:只运行这一个进程没有发现任何database is locked的错误提示;如果在运行一个./mutithread进程,那么两个进程都会出现database is locked错误;如果kill掉其中一个进程,那么另外一个不再出现database is locked;
注意两个进程和一个进程的区别,一个是进程数不同,一个是使用的数据库句柄连接不同;上述程序虽然在一个进程中使用了多线程,但是多个线程都是使用了同一个数据库连接(使用一个sqlite3_open返回的句柄),不好区分是什么问题(其实官方网站有一句话很重要『sqlITE_BUSY means that another database connection (probably in another process) is using the database in a way that prevents you from using it』);这其实已经说明了产生database is locked的原因了,就是出在多个连接上,那么我们在做下面的实验;
2、同一个进程,启动多个线程,每个线程中都打开一个连接(connection,使用一个sqlite3_open返回的句柄),并且在其中做select或者update的 *** 作;结果会出现database is locked错误;
程序源码(muticonnection.c):
#include <sqlite3.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <pthread.h>#include <string.h>#include "main.h"#ifdef _WIN32#include <windows.h>#define sleep(x) Sleep((x)*1000)#else#define sleep(x) sleep(x)#endif#define CREATE_sql \ "CREATE table IF NOT EXISTS \"mutiprocess\" (" \ "\"ID\" INTEGER NOT NulL PRIMARY KEY,%d)"#define UPDATE_sql "UPDATE mutiprocess SET vIDeotype = '2' WHERE ID = 1"#define SELECT_sql "SELECT * FROM mutiprocess"static voID* select_cf(voID *param){ int rc; sqlite3 *db = 0; char *szErrMsg; int i = 0; char sql[1024] = {0}; pthread_t tID; rc = sqlite3_open("mutiprocess.db",szErrMsg); } } tID = pthread_self(); while(1){ rc = sqlite3_exec(db,SELECT_sql); } sleep(1); }}static voID* update_cf(voID *param){ int rc; sqlite3 *db = 0; char *szErrMsg; int i = 0; char sql[1024] = {0}; pthread_t tID; rc = sqlite3_open("mutiprocess.db",UPDATE_sql); } sleep(1); }}int main(){ pthread_t pID[20]; int i = 0; for(i = 0; i < 10; i++){ pthread_create(&(pID[i]),0); pthread_detach(pID[i]); } for(; i < 20; i++){ pthread_create(&(pID[i]),0); pthread_detach(pID[i]); } while(1){ sleep(-1); } return 0;}
编译:gcc -o muticonnection muticonnection.c -lsqlite3 -lpthread
运行:./muticonnection
总结:看来出现这个错误是因为多数是因为使用了多个连接(多个sqlite3_open返回的句柄)导致的,这里我的说法是“多数”,因为还有别的原因,请见官方网站的解释:http://www.sqlite.org/cvstrac/wiki?p=DatabaseIsLocked
还有一点要注意:
database is locked是sqlITE_BUSY的错误,不要和sqlITE_LOCKED混淆;
sqlITE_LOCKED(6) means the source of contention is internal and comes from the same database connection that received the sqlITE_LOCKED error.
sqlITE_BUSY(5) means that another database connection (probably in another process) is using the database in a way that prevents you from using it.
附:sqlITE_LOCKED(6)错误见:http://sqlite.1065341.n5.nabble.com/Begin-immediate-transaction-gt-SQLITE-BUSY-database-is-locked-td64878.html
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