Oracle 9i 开始支持闪回，Oracle10g开始全面支持闪回功能，Oracle11g有所完善，为大家快速的恢复数据，查询历史数据提供了很大的便捷方法。
本文主要对Oracle常用闪回使用做些详细介绍，其中对于不常用的事务和版本闪回，这里就不做介绍
一、Oracle闪回概述
二、Oracle闪回使用详解
1、闪回开启
(1)开启闪回必要条件
a.开启归档日志
SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /home/U01/app/oracle/oradata/testdb/arch Oldest online log sequence 844 Next log sequence to archive 846 Current log sequence 846 ##如未开启，在mount状态执行alter database archivelog;
b.设置合理的闪回区
db_recovery_file_dest：指定闪回恢复区的位置
db_recovery_file_dest_size：指定闪回恢复区的可用空间大小
db_flashback_retention_target：指定数据库可以回退的时间，单位为分钟，默认1440分钟(1天),实际取决于闪回区大小
(2)检查是否开启闪回
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database; FLASHBACK_ON ------------------ NO
(3)开启闪回
a.开启归档
mount状态：alter database archivelog;
b.设置闪回区
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/home/U01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area' scope=both; System altered. SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=60G scope=both; System altered. SQL> alter system set db_flashback_retention_target=4320 scope=both; System altered.
c.开启flashback (10g在mount开启)
SQL> alter database flashback on; Database altered.
(4)确定闪回开启
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database; FLASHBACK_ON ------------------ YES
(5)关闭闪回
SQL> alter database flashback off; Database altered.
2、闪回使用
(1)闪回查询
闪回查询主要是根据Undo表空间数据进行多版本查询，针对v$和x$动态性能视图无效，但对DBA_、ALL_、USER_是有效的
a.闪回查询
允许用户查询过去某个时间点的数据，用以重构由于意外删除或更改的数据，数据不会变化。
SQL> select * from scott.dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> delete from scott.dept where deptno=40;
row deleted.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from scott.dept as of timestamp sysdate-10/1440;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> select * from scott.dept as of timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> select * from scott.dept as of scn 16801523;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
b.闪回版本查询
用于查询行级数据库随时间变化的方法
c.闪回事务查询
用于提供查看事务级别数据库变化的方法
(2)闪回表(update/insert/delete)
闪回表就是对表的数据做回退，回退到之前的某个时间点，其利用的是undo的历史数据，与undo_retention设置有关，默认是14400分钟（1天）
同样，sys用户表空间不支持闪回表,要想表闪回，需要允许表启动行迁移(row movement)
闪回表示例：
SQL> flashback table scott.dept to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
flashback table scott.dept to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-08189: cannot flashback the table because row movement is not enabled
SQL> select row_movement from dba_tables where table_name='DEPT' and owner='SCOTT';
ROW_MOVE
--------
DISABLED
SQL> alter table scott.dept enable row movement;
Table altered.
SQL> flashback table scott.dept to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 16:20:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
Flashback complete.
SQL> select * from scott.dept;
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
SALES CHICAGO
OPERATIONS BOSTON
SQL> alter table scott.dept disable row movement;
Table altered.
(3)闪回DROP(drop table)
当一个表被drop掉，表会被放入recyclebin回收站，可通过回收站做表的闪回。表上的索引、约束等同样会被恢复
不支持sys/system用户表空间对象，可通过alter system set recyclebin=off;关闭回收站功能
闪回DROP示例：
SQL> select * from t ; ID NAME ---------- --------------------------------------- 2 4 SQL> drop table t; Table dropped. SQL> show recyclebin; ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPE DROP TIME ---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ ------------------- T BIN$YEh2QcvZdJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==SQL> show recyclebin; ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPE DROP TIME ---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ ------------------- T BIN$YEh2QcvddJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==(4)闪回数据库(truncate/多表数据变更) TABLE 2017-12-14:15:07:54 T BIN$YEh2QcvcdJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==TABLE 2017-12-14:15:02:06 SQL> flashback table t to before drop; Flashback complete. SQL> select * from t; ID NAME ---------- ------------------------------------- 2 4SQL> select * from scott.EMP; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20 KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10 rows selected. SQL> truncate table scott.EMP; Table truncated. SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 9.4067E+10 bytes Fixed Size 2263936 bytes Variable Size 9395242112 bytes Database Buffers 8.4557E+10 bytes Redo Buffers 112766976 bytes Database mounted. SQL> flashback database to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:12:46','yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS'); Flashback complete. SQL> alter database open resetlogs; Database altered. SQL> select * from scott.emp; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20 KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10 rows selected.TABLE 2017-12-14:15:07:27 SQL> flashback table "BIN$YEh2QcvcdJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==SQL> select * from scott.dept; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ADDR ---------- -------------- ------------- ------------------------------ ACCOUNTING NEW YORK RESEARCH DALLAS SALES CHICAGO SQL> create restore point before_201712151111 guarantee flashback database; Restore point created. SQL> create table scott.t as select * from scott.dept; Table created. SQL> truncate table scott.t; Table truncated. SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 9.4067E+10 bytes Fixed Size 2263936 bytes Variable Size 9663677568 bytes Database Buffers 8.4289E+10 bytes Redo Buffers 112766976 bytes Database mounted. SQL> flashback database to restore point before_201712151111; Flashback complete. SQL> alter database open resetlogs; Database altered. 此时主库scott.t已不存在： SQL> select * from scott.t; select * from scott.t * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist 此时从库的scott.依旧存在，主备同步终止 解决方案：在主库创建快照时间点，从库自动停止应用日志，等主库闪回后，重新应用日志即可。 如果已经做了上述 *** 作，从库可以选择重建 ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/xx/xx/archive.dbf';" to before drop ; Flashback complete. SQL> show recyclebin; ORIGINAL NAME RECYCLEBIN NAME OBJECT TYPE DROP TIME ---------------- ------------------------------ ------------ ------------------- T BIN$YEh2QcvddJLgUxyAgQpnVQ==select scn, STORAGE_SIZE ,to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') time,NAME from v$restore_point; select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database; SQL> set line 200; SQL> set pagesize 2000; SQL> select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database; DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE DB_UNIQUE_NAME FLASHBACK_ON ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------ PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY testdbms NO SQL> ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO SNAPSHOT STANDBY; Database altered. SQL> select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database; DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE DB_UNIQUE_NAME FLASHBACK_ON ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------ SNAPSHOT STANDBY MOUNTED testdbms RESTORE POINT ONLY SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> select open_mode from v$database; OPEN_MODE -------------------- READ WRITE 此时备库 *** 作： SQL> select * from scott.emp; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20 KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10 rows selected. SQL> truncate table scott.emp; Table truncated. 主库 *** 作： SQL> create table scott.t as select * from scott.dept; Table created. SQL> select * from scott.t; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ADDR ---------- -------------- ------------- ------------------------------ ACCOUNTING NEW YORK RESEARCH DALLAS SALES CHICAGO 备库恢复到物理standby SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 9.4067E+10 bytes Fixed Size 2263936 bytes Variable Size 9663677568 bytes Database Buffers 8.4289E+10 bytes Redo Buffers 112766976 bytes Database mounted. SQL> ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO PHYSICAL STANDBY; Database altered. SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01507: database not mounted ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup ; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 9.4067E+10 bytes Fixed Size 2263936 bytes Variable Size 9663677568 bytes Database Buffers 8.4289E+10 bytes Redo Buffers 112766976 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. ##此时备库的数据已经恢复到转变snapshot standby时间点 SQL> select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database; DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE DB_UNIQUE_NAME FLASHBACK_ON ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------ PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY testdbms NO SQL> select * from scott.emp; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- SMITH CLERK 7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00 800 20 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00 1600 300 30 WARD SALESMAN 7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00 1250 500 30 JONES MANAGER 7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00 2975 20 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00 1250 1400 30 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00 2850 30 CLARK MANAGER 7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00 2450 10 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00 3000 20 KING PRESIDENT 1981-11-17 00:00:00 5000 10 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00 1500 0 30 ADAMS CLERK 7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00 1100 20 JAMES CLERK 7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00 950 30 FORD ANALYST 7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00 3000 20 MILLER CLERK 7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00 1300 10 rows selected. SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect; Database altered. SQL> select * from scott.t; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ADDR ---------- -------------- ------------- ------------------------------ ACCOUNTING NEW YORK RESEARCH DALLAS SALES CHICAGO SQL> select database_role,open_mode,db_unique_name,flashback_on from v$database; DATABASE_ROLE OPEN_MODE DB_UNIQUE_NAME FLASHBACK_ON ---------------- -------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------ PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY WITH APPLY testdbms NOTABLE 2017-12-14:15:07:54 SQL> flashback table t to before drop rename to tt; Flashback complete.
备注：即使不开始flashback，只要开启了recyclebin，那么就可以闪回DROP表。
但如果连续覆盖，就需要指定恢复的表名，如果已经存在表，则需要恢复重命名。
(5)闪回归档(增加、修改、重命名、删除表的列、truncate表、修改表的约束、以及修改分区表的分区规范)3、闪回注意事项
数据库闪回必须在mounted状态下进行，基于快照的可以再open下进行闪回库
闪回数据库主要是将数据库还原值过去的某个时间点或SCN，用于数据库出现逻辑错误时，需要open database resetlogs
a.全库闪回
数据库闪回示例
三、备注b.快照闪回
针对主库和备库都可以创建闪回快照点，然后恢复到指定的快照点，但主库一旦恢复到快照点，备库的同步则需要重新同步
1、相关数据字典c.闪回snapshot standby
此功能在11GR2非常实用，可自动创建闪回点、开启闪回日志，可完成线上数据测试后，然后做数据库闪回恢复主备关系
2、常用查询语句(1)查看数据库状态
SQL> select NAME,OPEN_MODE ,DATABASE_ROLE,CURRENT_SCN,FLASHBACK_ON from v$database;
NAME OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE CURRENT_SCN FLASHBACK_ON
------------- -------------------- ---------------- ----------- ------------------
TESTDB READ WRITE PRIMARY 16812246 YES
(1)数据库闪回需要在mounted下进行，并且open时需要使用resetlogs
(2)闪回DROP只能用于非系统表空间和本地管理的表空间，外键约束无法恢复，对方覆盖、重命名需注意
(3)表DROP，对应的物化视图会被彻底删除，物化视图不会存放在recyclebin里
(4)闪回表，如果在做过dml，然后进行了表结构修改、truncate等DDL *** 作，新增/删除结构无法做闪回
(5)闪回归档，必须在assm管理tablespace和undo auto管理下进行
(6)注意闪回区管理，防止磁盘爆满，闪回区空间不足等
(7)主库做库的闪回，会影响备库，需要重新同步
(8)snapshot standby 不支持最高保护模式
(2)获取当前数据库的系统时间和SCN
SQL> select to_char(systimestamp,'yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS') as sysdt , dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number scn from dual;
SYSDT SCN
------------------- ----------
2017-12-14 14:28:33 16813234
V$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG ##查看数据库可闪回的时间点/SCN等信息 V$flashback_database_stat ##查看闪回日志空间记录信息
(3)查看数据库可恢复的时间点
SQL> select * from V$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG; OLDEST_FLASHBACK_SCN OLDEST_FLASHBACK_TI RETENTION_TARGET FLASHBACK_SIZE ESTIMATED_FLASHBACK_SIZE -------------------- ------------------- ---------------- -------------- ------------------------ 16801523 2017-12-14 11:35:05 4320 104857600 244113408(4)查看闪回日志空间情况
SQL> select * from V$flashback_database_stat; BEGIN_TIME END_TIME FLASHBACK_DATA DB_DATA REDO_DATA ESTIMATED_FLASHBACK_SIZE ------------------- ------------------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------ 2017-12-14 14:34:53 2017-12-14 14:56:43 1703936 9977856 1487872 0(5)SCN和timestamp装换关系查询
select scn,to_char(time_dp,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')from sys.smon_scn_time;(6)查看闪回restore_point
select scn, STORAGE_SIZE ,to_char(time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') time,NAME from v$restore_point;(7)闪回语句
FLASHBACK DATABASE TO TIMESTAMP to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:28:33','yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS');;
flashback database to scn 16813234;
flashback table table_name to before drop; flashback table table_name to before drop rename to table_name_new;
flashback table table_name to scn scn_number;
flashback table table_name to timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:28:33','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
select * from table_name as of timestamp to_timestamp('2017-12-14 14:28:33','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
select * from scott.dept as of scn 16801523;
create restore point before_201712151111 guarantee flashback database; flashback database to restore point before_201712151111;
a.闪回数据库
(7)闪回空间爆满问题处理b.闪回DROP
其中table_name可以是删除表名称，也可以是别名
c.闪回表
d.闪回查询
e.闪回快照
请参照 基于ORA-19815闪回空间爆满问题的处理方法
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