1.配置hostname
[root@oracledb ~]#hostnamectl set-hostname oracledb
[root@oracledb ~]#echo " 10.100.1.10 oracledb" >>/etc/hosts
2.关闭selinux和防火墙
[root@oracledb ~]#sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
[root@oracledb ~]#setenforce 0
[root@oracledb ~]#systemctl stop firewalld
[root@oracledb ~]#systemctl disable firewalld
[root@oracledb ~]#systemctl status firewalld
3.下载Oracle软件包 且上传到服务器上,进行解压缩
建议使用winSCP工具进行上传到服务器的/opt目录下
[root@oracledb ~]# ls -lh /opt/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2G Mar 30 16:12 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1G Mar 30 16:11 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
4.安装oracle环境所需要的依赖包-配置YUM源
安装依赖包之前,一定要设置好服务器上的安装源,原因是:可以在没有互联网的时候安装服务所需依赖包;常用的安装源有两种方式:
(1) 配置本地yum源
新建配置文件vi /etc/yum.repos.d/localsource.repo输入如下内容:
[localsource]
name=localsource
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
(2) 生成本地yum 缓存
注意:从Oracle 11g 11.2.0.2版本开始,在Linux x86_64上安装时,只需要安装64位的软件包,但是,对于11.2.0.2之前的任何Oracle database 11g,下表中列出的32位和64位的安装包都必须安装
5.安装oracle环境所需要的依赖包-安装依赖包
(1)安装依赖包
[root@oracledb ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel zlib zlib-devel pcre-devel unzip
(2)安装完成后,检查依赖是否全部安装成功
[root@oracledb ~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel zlib zlib-devel pcre-devel unzip | grep "not installed"
(3)创建所需的用户组和用户
如果要安装Oracle数据库,通常需要以下本地 *** 作系统用户组和用户:
Oracle inventory组(通常为 oinstall)
OSDBA组 (通常为 dba)
OSOPER组 (通常为 oper)
Oracle软件所有者(通常为 oracle)
创建用户组和用户:
[root@oracledb ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@oracledb ~]# groupadd dba
[root@oracledb ~]# groupadd oper
[root@oracledb ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
(4)修改oracle用户密码:建议密码配置为字符+数字+特殊字符
[root@oracledb ~]# passwd oracle
6.配置内核参数和资源限制
(1)编辑配置文件vi /etc/sysctl.conf添加如下参数:
vm.max_map_count = 655360
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 ###最小值: 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
注意:如果系统中某个参数高于上面的参数的值 ,保留较大的值,上面的数值只是官方要求的最小值,可以根据系统调整数值,以优化系统性能
(2)使内核参数生效
[root@oracledb ~]# sysctl -p
7.创建oracle安装目录
如下目录,根据自己的实际情况可做修改:
[root@oracledb ~]# mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
[root@oracledb ~]# cd /data/app/oracle/
[root@oracledb oracle]# mkdir oradata inventory fast_recovery_area
[root@oracledb ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/app/oracle
[root@oracledb ~]# chmod -R 775 /data/app/oracle
8.配置oracle用户环境变量
编辑配置文件vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile添加如下内容:
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
9. 解压下载好的两个Oracle数据库文件
[root@oracledb ~]# cd /opt
[root@oracledb ~]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data
[root@oracledb ~]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data
10. 编辑静默安装响应文件
(1)切换到oracle用户执行
[root@oracledb ~]# su - oracle
(2)切换到响应文件的目录下
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ cp -R /data/database/response/ .
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ cd response/
[oracle@oracledb response]$ ls
dbca.rsp db_install.rsp netca.rsp
11.修改配置文件:vi /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp,修改以下变量的值
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
12. 开始静默安装Oracle 11g
(1)开始安装oracle数据库
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ cd /data/database
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
注意:安装期间可以使用tail命令查看oracle的安装日志,且日志文件名称是根
据自己的实际执行时间确定的,安装日志文件会在安装时提示,需要等待3分钟左右,注意不要停止运行;安装完成后有如下提示,如果有类似如下提示,说明安装完成。
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run
/data/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
13.使用 root用户执行脚本
(1)切换到root用户执行
[root@oracledb ~]# su - root
(2)执行两个用户脚本
[root@oracledb ~]# sh /data/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@oracledb ~]# sh /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
14.配置监听程序
(1)切换到oracle用户执行(建议退出重进oracle用户)
[root@oracledb ~]# su - oracle
(2)配置监听,查看输出结果
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp
(3)查看监听服务状态,若没启动需要启动
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl status
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl start
查看结果:
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /data/etc/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
Running Listener Control:
/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
(4)查看监听端口
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ netstat -tnpl | grep 1521
15.静默创建数据库
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY = " 6552 "
##其中TOTALMEMORY = " 6552 " 为6552 MB,物理内存8G*80%
(2)切换到oracle用户执行
[root@oracledb ~]# su - oracle
(3)执行静默建库
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
执行过程如下:
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/data/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.
(4)查看进程
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
(5)再次查看监听状态进行确认
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl status
结果显示:
The command completed successfully
16.至此数据库就安装成功了,下面我们登录下数据库
(1)切换到oracle用户执行
[root@oracledb ~]# su - oracle
(2)登录数据库
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
(3)查询实例状态
SQL>select status from v$instance
(4)查看数据库版本
SQL>select * from v$version
(5)激活scott用户
SQL>alter user scott account unlock
SQL>alter user scott identified by tiger
SQL>select username,account_status from dba_users
17.设置Oracle开机启动
(1)修改配置文件vi /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart 修改如下内容:
将脚本中的ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1,修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
(2)修改配置文件vi /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut 修改如下内容:
将脚本中的ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1,修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
(3)修改配置文件 vi /etc/oratab修改如下内容,
orcl:/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y
(4)新建文件:vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle 注意:建议全部复制脚本内容
#! /bin/bash
# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2
# chkconfig: 345 90 10
# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.
# processname: oracle
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case "$1" in
start)
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]then
echo $0 already running.
exit 1
fi
echo -n #34Starting Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
touch $LOCKFILE
stop)
if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]then
echo $0 already stopping.
exit 1
fi
echo -n #34Stopping Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
rm -f $LOCKFILE
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
status)
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]then
echo $0 started.
else
echo $0 stopped.
fi
*)
echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
(5)给 /etc/init.d/oracle添加执行权限
[root@oracledb ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle
(6)开机启动oracle
[root@oracledb ~]# chkconfig oracle on
(7)给启动文件加权限
[root@oracledb ~]# cd /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
[root@oracledb bin]# chmod 6751 oracle
[root@oracledb bin]# cd /var/tmp
[root@oracledb tmp]# chown -R oracle:oinstall .oracle
(8)重启测试
[root@oracledb ~]# reboot
(9)切换到oracle用户登录状态下
[root@oracledb ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
(10)解除锁定
SQL>alter user SYSTEM account unlock
(11)这时候就可以用Navicat连接了
SQL>conn
用户名:SYSTEM
密码:oracle
如果不能正确连接,改下密码试试
alter user system identified by 新密码
[root@oracledb ~]# mkdir -p /data/szzt
[root@oracledb ~]# cd /data/
[root@oracledb data]# chown oracle:oinstall -R szzt
[root@oracledb data]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 20 Apr 8 21:14 app
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 128 Aug 21 2009 database
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 6 Apr 14 16:17 szzt
[root@oracledb ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL>conn cshi
Enter password: 登录失败
Connected.
SQL>create temporary tablespace DB_DATA_TMP tempfile'/data/szzt/DB_DATA_TMP.dbf' size 500m autoextend on next 100m maxsize 10240m extent management local
显示结果:
Tablespace created.
SQL>create tablespace DB_DATA logging datafile'/data/szzt/DB_DATA.dbf' size 2048m autoextend on next 100m maxsize 10240m extent management local
显示结果:
Tablespace created.
SQL>create user ceshi identified by ceshi default tablespace DB_DATA temporary tablespace DB_DATA_TMP
显示结果:
User created.
SQL>grant dba to ceshi
显示结果:
Grant succeeded.
SQL>conn ceshi ###用户名和密码一样,此时登录成功
[oracle@oracledb ~]$ cd /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
注意:数据库导出 *** 作是在 源服务器 上进行
[oracle@oracledb bin]$ exp 用户名/密码@ IP地址 /orcl file =/data/szzt/ceshi.dmp owner='用户名'
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
注意:数据库导入 *** 作是在 目标服务器 上进行
[oracle@oracledb bin]$ imp ceshi/ceshi@ 10.100.1.10 /orcl file=/data/szzt/ceshi.dmp fromuser=ceshi touser=ceshi
显示结果:可以看到导入的表过程(10.100.1.10是自己的目标数据库服务器)
Import terminated successfully without warnings .
(1)、数据导入完毕后,我们可以使用DBeaver对数据库进行远程管理
(2)、测试连接,没问题后完成新建
(3)、连接上来后,我们就可以使用工具来进行管理数据库
*** 作顺序如下:1.创建实例启动用的参数文件。在程序默认的参数文件里修改即可:重命名规则 initSID.ora
/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/ 下,目录尽量使用绝对路径,采用ORACLE_BASE等环境变量有可能报错。
例 initcrm.ora
db_name='crm'--修改
#memory_target=500m --注释掉
sga_target=200m --添加
pga_aggregate_target=60m--添加
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/crm/adump' --建立目录
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area' --建立目录
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/u01/oracle'---修改
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
2.创建相应目录:
mkdir -p /u01/oracle/admin/ora11g/adump
mkdir -p /u01/oracle/admin/ora11g/dpdump
mkdir -p /u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area
3.创建密码文件:命名规则 orapwSID,目录依旧是 /u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
Linux下orapw+实例名
Windows下pwd+实例名
$ orapwd file=orapwora11g password=oracle
4.创建数据库实例
设置环境变量 export ORACLE_SID=crm
执行以下命令
sqlplus /nolog
conn / as sysdba
注意:本处可能报错需要可能的原因: a)glibc-devel-2.5-58.el5_6.4、libaio-0.3.106-5包是否已安装,命令分别为rpm -q glibc-devel、rpm -q libaio
b)oracle目录权限不足或属组不对,chmod 6751 oracle 授权、chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01/oracle 修改属组
执行建库脚本:
startup nomount pfile="/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/dbs/initcrm.ora"
CREATE DATABASE "crm"
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/system01.dbf' SIZE 1024M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE
SMALLFILE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE
SMALLFILE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS1" DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/undo01.dbf' SIZE 300M REUSE
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/oracle/oradata/log01.dbf') SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/oracle/oradata/log02.dbf') SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/oracle/oradata/log03.dbf') SIZE 50M
创建USERS表空间
CREATE SMALLFILE TABLESPACE "USERS" LOGGING DATAFILE '/u01/app/oradata/user01.dbf' SIZE 1000M REUSE EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS"
------------------------------------------
SQL>create spfile from pfile
File created.
-----------------------------------------
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL>show user
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb
使用system用户编译
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/sqlplus/admin/help/hlpbld.sql helpus.sql
使用sys用户编译
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/javavm/install/initjvm.sql
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/xdk/admin/initxml.sql
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/xdk/admin/xmlja.sql
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catjava.sql
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catexf.sql
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catqm.sql change_on_install SYSAUX TEMP YES
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catxdbj.sql
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/rdbms/admin/catrul.sql
spool /oracle/admin/edidb/scripts/ordinst.log append
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/ord/admin/ordinst.sql SYSAUX SYSAUX
spool off
spool /u01/oracle/admin/ora11g/scripts/interMedia.log append
@/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0.1/db1/ord/im/admin/iminst.sql
spool off
set echo on
spool /oracle/admin/edidb/scripts/lockAccount.log append
BEGIN
FOR item IN ( SELECT USERNAME FROM DBA_USERS WHERE ACCOUNT_STATUS IN ('OPEN', 'LOCKED', 'EXPIRED') AND USERNAME NOT IN (
'SYS','SYSTEM') )
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line('Locking and Expiring: ' || item.USERNAME)
execute immediate 'alter user ' ||
sys.dbms_assert.enquote_name(
sys.dbms_assert.schema_name(
item.USERNAME),false) || ' password expire account lock'
END LOOP
END
/
spool off
到此,数据库实例建立完毕。
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