被克隆主机:Hadoop01(名称我随便起的,方便记忆)
克隆后的主机:Hadoop01(克隆后的主机名与被克隆的主机名一样后期会修改为Hadoop02)
错误原因:克隆的虚拟机主机名和被克隆的虚拟机名相同,而在启动Hadoop集群的时候,配置文件中读取的主机名不匹配,所以无法启动Hadoop集群。我们只需要修改配置信息和主机名就可以了,多台机器,只需要在需要启动Hadoop集群的机器上修改配置文件
解决方案:
第一步:首先要修改克隆后的主机ip
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
1>修改HWADDR:00:0c:29:xx:xx:xx(前六个数基本相同,后面六个数根据虚拟机设置查看)
2>修改IPADDR:192.168.xxx.xxx(具体IP地址根据被克隆主机的ip修改)
3>重启网卡:service network restart
第二步:查看被克隆的主机的主机名并修改
1>vim /etc/sysconfig/network
例:原主机名Hadoop01 修改后------>Hadoop02
2>source /etc/sysconfig/network
第三步:建立主机名与ip地址一一对应的关系
vim /etc/hosts
例:192.168.247.151 Hadoop02
第四步:接下来修改Hadoop的配置文件
在这个路径下行:/home/software/hadoop-2.7.1/etc/hadoop
不同人可能路径可能存在差异
1>修改core-site.xml
凡是被克隆主机名均修改为现在的主机名,也就是将Hadoop01修改为Hadoop02
2>修改yarn-site.xml
凡是被克隆主机名均修改为现在的主机名,也就是将Hadoop01修改为Hadoop02
3>修改slaves
凡是被克隆主机名均修改为现在的主机名,也就是将Hadoop01修改为Hadoop02
4>删除tmp文件
在这个路径下/home/software/hadoop-2.7.1删除tmp文件
不同人路径可能不同
5>格式化namenode(请谨慎格式化)
hadoop namenode -format
第五步:执行start-all.sh和jps查看所有进程是否启动成功
本文只是记录自己学习过程中的疑难问题和解决方案,如果逻辑不通或者知识点有错,请不要吝啬批评和更正,共同学习进步,不喜勿喷,喷子止步,谢谢合作
事先准备,已经成功安装好pgsql9.6
1.citus安装
首先citus是pgsql的一个扩展,首先更新yum源,执行命令:yum update,然后安装citus,执行命令:
2.登录pgsql并创建citus扩展。执行命令:su postgres 然后执行:psql 登录pgsql里面,并执行sql命令 :
如下图所示:
然后会报如下图所示错误。
然后找到文件pg_hba.conf,在文件末尾处添加配置:
然后重启pgsql,一定要记得重启pgsql,修改的配置文件才生效。
然后在登录pgsql后,执行sql命令,创建citus扩展,如图所示:
最后,克隆其他2台机器,ip地址分别为192.168.1.235和192.168.1.236 。执行命令如下图,成功后也如图所示,代表集群创建成功。
一、环境准备主机IP 主机名 *** 作系统版本 PXC
192.168.244.146 node1 CentOS7.1 Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56-5.6.30
192.168.244.147 node2 CentOS7.1 Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56-5.6.30
192.168.244.148 node3 CentOS7.1 Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56-5.6.30
关闭防火墙或者允许3306, 4444, 4567和4568四个端口的连接
关闭SElinux
二、下载PXC
安装PXC yum源
# yum install http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-3/percona-release-0.1-3.noarch.rpm
这样会在/etc/yum.repos.d下生成percona-release.repo文件
安装PXC
# yum install Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56
最终下载下来的版本是Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56-5.6.30
注意:三个节点上均要安装。
三、配置节点
配置节点一
修改node1的/etc/my.cnf
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[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
user=mysql
# Path to Galera library
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so
# Cluster connection URL contains the IPs of node#1, node#2 and node#3
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.244.146,192.168.244.147,192.168.244.148
# In order for Galera to work correctly binlog format should be ROW
binlog_format=ROW
# MyISAM storage engine has only experimental support
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
# This changes how InnoDB autoincrement locks are managed and is a requirement for Galera
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
# Node #1 address
wsrep_node_address=192.168.244.146
# SST method
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
# Cluster name
wsrep_cluster_name=my_centos_cluster
# Authentication for SST method
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cret"
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启动node1
# systemctl start mysql@bootstrap.service
注意:这个是CentOS 7下的启动方式,如果是CentOS 6,则启动方式为 # /etc/init.d/mysql bootstrap-pxc
之所以采用bootstrap启动,其实是告诉数据库,这是第一个节点,不用进行数据的同步。
利用这种方式启动,相当于wsrep_cluster_address方式设置为gcomm://。
此时,可登录客户端查看数据库的状态
mysql>show status like 'wsrep%'
主要关注以下参数的状态
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+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| wsrep_local_state_uuid | 1fbb69e3-32a3-11e6-a571-aeaa962bae0c |
...
| wsrep_local_state| 4
| wsrep_local_state_comment| Synced |
...
| wsrep_cluster_size | 1
...
| wsrep_cluster_status | Primary |
| wsrep_connected | ON |
...
| wsrep_ready | ON |
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在上面的配置文件中,有个wsrep_sst_auth参数。该参数是用于其它节点加入到该集群中,利用XtraBackup执行State Snapshot Transfer(类似于全量同步)的。
所以,接下来是授权
mysql>CREATE USER 'sstuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 's3cret'
mysql>GRANT RELOAD, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'sstuser'@'localhost'
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES
配置节点二
修改node2的/etc/my.cnf
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[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
user=mysql
# Path to Galera library
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so
# Cluster connection URL contains the IPs of node#1, node#2 and node#3
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.244.146,192.168.244.147,192.168.244.148
# In order for Galera to work correctly binlog format should be ROW
binlog_format=ROW
# MyISAM storage engine has only experimental support
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
# This changes how InnoDB autoincrement locks are managed and is a requirement for Galera
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
# Node #2 address
wsrep_node_address=192.168.244.147
# SST method
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
# Cluster name
wsrep_cluster_name=my_centos_cluster
# Authentication for SST method
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cret"
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启动node2
# systemctl start mysql
如果是CentOS 6,则启动方式为 # /etc/init.d/mysql start
如果在启动的过程中出现问题,可查看mysql的错误日志,如果是RPM安装,默认是/var/lib/mysql/主机名.err
启动完毕后,也可通过mysql>show status like 'wsrep%'命令查看集群的信息。
配置节点三
修改node3的/etc/my.cnf
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[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
user=mysql
# Path to Galera library
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so
# Cluster connection URL contains the IPs of node#1, node#2 and node#3
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.244.146,192.168.244.147,192.168.244.148
# In order for Galera to work correctly binlog format should be ROW
binlog_format=ROW
# MyISAM storage engine has only experimental support
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
# This changes how InnoDB autoincrement locks are managed and is a requirement for Galera
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
# Node #3 address
wsrep_node_address=192.168.244.148
# SST method
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
# Cluster name
wsrep_cluster_name=my_centos_cluster
# Authentication for SST method
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cret"
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启动node3
# systemctl start mysql
登录数据库,查看集群的状态
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+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name| Value|
+------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| wsrep_local_state_uuid | 1fbb69e3-32a3-11e6-a571-aeaa962bae0c |
...
| wsrep_local_state| 4
| wsrep_local_state_comment| Synced |
...
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3
...
| wsrep_cluster_status | Primary |
| wsrep_connected | ON |
...
| wsrep_ready | ON
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通过wsrep_cluster_size可以看出集群有3个节点。
四、 测试
下面来测试一把,在node3中创建一张表,并插入记录,看node1和node2中能否查询得到。
node3中创建测试表并插入记录
root@node3 >create table test.test(id int,description varchar(10))
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
root@node3 >insert into test.test values(1,'hello,pxc')
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
node1和node2中查询
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root@node1 >select * from test.test
+------+-------------+
| id | description |
+------+-------------+
|1 | hello,pxc |
+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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root@node2 >select * from test.test
+------+-------------+
| id | description |
+------+-------------+
|1 | hello,pxc |
+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
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至此,Percona XtraDB Cluster搭建完毕~
总结:
1. 刚开始启动node2的时候,启动失败,错误日志中报如下信息:
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2016-06-15 20:06:09 4937 [ERROR] WSREP: failed to open gcomm backend connection: 110: failed to reach primary view: 110 (Connection timed out)
at gcomm/src/pc.cpp:connect():162
2016-06-15 20:06:09 4937 [ERROR] WSREP: gcs/src/gcs_core.cpp:gcs_core_open():208: Failed to open backend connection: -110 (Connection timed out)
2016-06-15 20:06:09 4937 [ERROR] WSREP: gcs/src/gcs.cpp:gcs_open():1387: Failed to open channel 'my_centos_cluster' at 'gcomm://192.168.244.146,192.168.244.147,192.168.244.148': -110 (Connection timed out)
2016-06-15 20:06:09 4937 [ERROR] WSREP: gcs connect failed: Connection timed out
2016-06-15 20:06:09 4937 [ERROR] WSREP: wsrep::connect(gcomm://192.168.244.146,192.168.244.147,192.168.244.148) failed: 7
2016-06-15 20:06:09 4937 [ERROR] Aborting
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2016-06-15 20:27:03 5870 [ERROR] WSREP: Failed to read 'ready <addr>' from: wsrep_sst_xtrabackup-v2 --role 'joiner' --address '192.168.244.147' --datadir '/var/lib/mysql/' --defaults-file '/etc/my.cnf' --defaults-group-suffix '' --parent '5870' ''
Read: '(null)'
2016-06-15 20:27:03 5870 [ERROR] WSREP: Process completed with error: wsrep_sst_xtrabackup-v2 --role 'joiner' --address '192.168.244.147' --datadir '/var/lib/mysql/' --defaults-file '/etc/my.cnf' --defaults-group-suffix '' --parent '5870' '' : 2 (No such file or directory)
2016-06-15 20:27:03 5870 [ERROR] WSREP: Failed to prepare for 'xtrabackup-v2' SST. Unrecoverable.
2016-06-15 20:27:03 5870 [ERROR] Aborting
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