centos怎么安装mysql

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centos6.5下安装mysql

时间:2014-08-12 01:11来源:blog.csdn.net 作者:brushli 举报 点击:17509次

1.使用yum命令安装mysql

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[root@bogon ~]# yum -y install mysql-server

2.设置开机启动

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[root@bogon ~]# chkconfig mysqld on

3.启动MySQL服务

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[root@bogon ~]# service mysqld start

4.设茄滑置MySQL的root用户设置密码

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[root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root

mysql>select user,host,password from mysql.user

+------+-----------+----------+

| user | host | password |

+------+-----------+----------+

| root | localhost | |

| root | bogon | |

| root | 127.0.0.1 | |

| | localhost | |

| | bogon | |

+------+-----------+----------+

5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

查询用户的密码，都为空，用下面的命令设置root的密码为root

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mysql>set password for root@localhost=password('root')

mysql>exit

5.用新密码登陆

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[root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

6.创建mysql新用户test_user

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mysql>create user 'test_user'@'%' identified by 'test_user'

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

7.给新用户test_user授权，让他可以从外部登陆和本地弯山登陆

注意：@左边是用户名，右边是域名、IP和%，表示可以访问mysql的域名和IP，%表埋纳中示外部任何地址都能访问。

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mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to 'test_user'@'localhost' identified by 'test_user'

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to 'test_user'@'%' identified by 'test_user'

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>select user,host,password from mysql.user

+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

| user | host | password |

+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

| root | localhost | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B |

| root | bogon | |

| root | 127.0.0.1 | |

| | localhost | |

| | bogon | |

| test_user | % | *3046CF87132BBD4FDDF06F321C6859074843B7D3 |

| test_user | localhost | *3046CF87132BBD4FDDF06F321C6859074843B7D3 |

+----------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>flush privileges

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

8.查看mysql5.1的默认存储引擎

从下面的执行结果可以看出，mysql的默认引擎是MyISAM，这个引擎是不支持事务的。

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mysql>show engines

+------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

| Engine | Support | Comment| Transactions | XA | Savepoints |

+------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO |

| CSV| YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO |

| MyISAM | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance | NO | NO | NO |

| InnoDB | YES | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES|

| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO |

+------------+---------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

也可以以下面的方式查看

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mysql>show variables like 'storage_engine'

+----------------+--------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------+--------+

| storage_engine | MyISAM |

+----------------+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

9.修改mysql的默认引擎为InnoDB

9.1 停止mysql

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mysql>exit

[root@bogon ~]# service mysqld stop

9.2 修改/etc/my.cnf

[mysqld] 后加入

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default-storage-engine=InnoDB

加入后my.cnf的内容为：

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[root@bogon etc]# more my.cnf

[mysqld]

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

user=mysql

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

default-storage-engine=InnoDB

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

9.3 启动mysql

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[root@bogon etc]# service mysqld start

Starting mysqld: [ OK ]

9.4 查看mysql默认存储引擎

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[root@bogon etc]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>show variables like 'storage_engine'

+----------------+--------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------+--------+

| storage_engine | InnoDB |

+----------------+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

10.CentOS6.5开放mysql端口3306

CentOS6.5默认是不开放端口的，如果要让外部的系统访问CentOS6.5上的mysql，必须开放mysql的端口3306

10.1 修改/etc/sysconfig/iptables

添加下面一行

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-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

修改后iptables中的内容是

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[root@bogon etc]# more /etc/sysconfig/iptables

# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall

# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.

*filter

:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]

:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

#添加配置项

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 11211 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

COMMIT

11.重启防火墙

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[root@bogon etc]# service iptables restart

这样就可以从外部访问mysql了。

至此，mysql在CentOS6.5上的安装过程、用户创建、外部访问的步骤全部完成。

查看文件安装路径在终端输入：whereismysql回车，如果你安装好了mysql，就会显示文件安装的地址，例如我的显示(安装地址桐脊祥可能会不同)[root@localhost~]#whereismysqlmysql:/usr/bin/mysql/usr/lib/mysql/usr/share/mysql/局搏usr/share/man/man1/mysql.1.gz说明：usr/野粗lib/mysql是指：mysql的安装路径

免编译版本的MySQL很方便，省了好多时间，我用的是mysql5.5-x86_64版本，接下来是在CentOS6.5安装过程，就那么几个步骤。

#安装依赖包

yum install -y libaio-devel

#创建用户

useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql

#创建数据目录

mkdir -p /data/mysql

#赋予权限

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

#解压

tar zxvf mysql-5.5.42-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

#移动到指定目录

mv mysql-5.5.42-linux2.6-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

#因为系统有一个默认my.cnf，咱们给它改下名字

mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.default

#复制我们需要的my.cnf到指定目录升伍

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf

#在support-files目录下有几个cnf，根据内存大小来选择

my-small.cnf （内存<=64M）

my-medium.cnf （内存128M）

my-large.cnf （内存512M）

my-huge.cnf （内存1G-2G）

my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf （内存4GB）

#编辑我们复制过去的my.cnf，并且在[mysqld]的下一行那里插入以下内容

vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql

character-set-server=utf8

#添加环境变量，在末尾插入以下内容

vi /etc/profile

PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

export PATH

#让刚才的修改生效

source /etc/profile

#复制启动脚本到指定目录

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

#准备工作都做完了，开始初始化数据库

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql

#启动数据库

service mysqld start

#开机启动

chkconfig mysqld on

#初始化迟笑举mysql的一些设置

mysql_secure_installation

#回车

Enter current password for root (enter for none):

#y，设置mysql的root密码

Set root password?[Y/n] y

#以下都yes

Remove anonymous users?[Y/码碧n] y

Disallow root login remotely?[Y/n] y

Remove test database and access to it?[Y/n] y

Reload privilege tables now?[Y/n] y

ThanksforusingMySQL!

OK，完成。

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