《liNUX实 *** ：CentOS7下利用Cobbler安装部署CentOS》要点：
本文介绍了liNUX实 *** ：CentOS7下利用Cobbler安装部署CentOS，希望对您有用。如果有疑问，可以联系我们。
CentOS7下应用Cobbler安装部署CentOS
Cobbler是一款快速的网络系统部署工具,其最大的特点是集合了所有系统部署所需服务,如DHCP、DNS、TFTP,这样你在部署一台 *** 作系统的时候不需要在各个服务之前协调切换,Cobbler都可以替你来管理,Cobbler内部集成了一个镜像版本仓库,你可以自定义相关配置文件,实现不同系统不同安装需求的选择；当然,Cobbler还提供了包含yum源管理、Web界面管理、API接口、电源管理等功能,方便你自定义开发管理.
1)安装epel源和cobbler
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm
[root@cobbler ~]# yum install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd xinetd -y
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start xinetd.service
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable xinetd.service
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start cobblerd.service
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
2)设置装备摆设cobbler
反省cobbler：
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The 'server' fIEld in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost,or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional,the 'next_server' fIEld in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1,and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
4 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders,you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them,or,if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting,you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. files in this directory,should you want to support all architectures,should include pxelinux.0,menu.c32,elilo.efi,and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easIEst way to resolve these requirements.
5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl
6 : debmirror package is not installed,it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositorIEs
7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed,try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one
8 : fencing tools were not found,and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
改动cobbler的配置文件：
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
# if you do not set this correctly,this will be manifested in TFTP open timeouts.
将“next_server: 127.0.0.1”改动为“next_server: 10.10.10.222”
将“server: 127.0.0.1”改动为“server: 10.10.10.222”
# set to 1 to enable Cobbler's DHCP management features.
# the choice of DHCP management engine is in /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
将“manage_dhcp: 0”改动为“manage_dhcp: 1”
修改cobbler默认的暗码：
将“default_password_crypted: "$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac."”修改为“default_password_crypted: "$1$wanwan$K9lP0CajD0pbFaxI0if84/"”
随机生成一个暗码：
[root@cobbler ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 'wanwan' 'RedHat12345'
$1$wanwan$K9lP0CajD0pbFaxI0if84/
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
将“disable = yes”修改为“disable = no”
重启rsync服务：
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start rsyncd.service
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
下载cobbler相关的包：
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2017-03-20_110931_get_loaders
task started (ID=Download Bootloader Content,time=Mon Mar 20 11:09:31 2017)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/copYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/copYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/copYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/copYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/copYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/copYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
淫乱 TASK COMPLETE 淫乱
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed,it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositorIEs
2 : fencing tools were not found,and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
[root@cobbler ~]# cd /etc/cobbler/
[root@cobbler cobbler]# ls
auth.conf dhcp.template ldap power rsync.template users.conf zone_templates
cheetah_macros dnsmasq.template modules.conf pxe secondary.template users.digest
cobbler_bash import_rsync_whiteList mongodb.conf reporting settings version
completions iso named.template rsync.exclude tftpd.template zone.template
3)设置装备摆设服务
[root@cobbler cobbler]# vim dhcp.template
subnet 10.10.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 10.10.10.2;
option domain-name-servers 10.10.10.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 10.10.10.100 10.10.10.200;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
class "pxeclIEnts" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-IDentifIEr,9) = "PXEClIEnt";
if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 {
filename "ia64/elilo.efi";
} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 {
filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";
} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 {
filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
} else {
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
}
}
备注：主要改动网段、DNS、网关等信息
[root@cobbler cobbler]# cobbler sync
通过cobbler管理的dhcp的配置文件
[root@cobbler cobbler]# egrep -v '^#|^$' /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style interim;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
ignore clIEnt-updates;
set vendorclass = option vendor-class-IDentifIEr;
option pxe-system-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;
subnet 10.10.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 10.10.10.2;
option domain-name-servers 10.10.10.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 10.10.10.100 10.10.10.200;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server 10.10.10.222;
class "pxeclIEnts" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-IDentifIEr,9) = "PXEClIEnt";
if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 {
filename "ia64/elilo.efi";
} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 {
filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";
} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 {
filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
} else {
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
}
}
group {
}
挂载并导入数据：
[root@cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected,mounting read-only
[root@cobbler ~]# df -h
filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root 50G 9.8G 41G 20% /
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 144K 1.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 9.0M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-home 46G 36M 46G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 1014M 175M 840M 18% /boot
tmpfs 378M 12K 378M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /mnt
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=CentOS-7.3 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2017-03-20_113200_import
task started (ID=Media import,time=Mon Mar 20 11:32:00 2017)
Found a candIDate signature: breed=redhat,version=rhel6
Found a candIDate signature: breed=redhat,version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat,version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS-7.3-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-7.3-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS-7.3-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64 for CentOS-7.3-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
KeePing repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/repodata
淫乱 TASK COMPLETE 淫乱
阐明：cobbler导入的镜像放在：/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror
[root@cobbler ks_mirror]# pwd
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror
[root@cobbler ks_mirror]# ls
CentOS-7.3-x86_64 config
默认kickstart文件寄存位置：/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@cobbler ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# ll
total 52
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115 Nov 17 03:09 default.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22 Nov 17 03:09 esxi4-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22 Nov 17 03:09 esxi5-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 56 Mar 20 10:39 install_profiles
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1424 Nov 17 03:09 legacy.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 292 Nov 17 03:09 pxerescue.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2916 Nov 17 03:09 sample_autoyast.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1825 Nov 17 03:09 sample_end.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 17 03:09 sample_esx4.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 324 Nov 17 03:09 sample_esxi4.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 386 Nov 17 03:09 sample_esxi5.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1784 Nov 17 03:09 sample.ks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3419 Nov 17 03:09 sample_old.seed
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5879 Nov 17 03:09 sample.seed
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler List
distros:
CentOS-7.3-x86_64
profiles:
CentOS-7.3-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report
name : CentOS-7.3-x86_64
TFTP Boot files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
distribution : CentOS-7.3-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
name Servers : []
name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server OverrIDe : <<inherit>>
Template files : {}
Virt auto Boot : 1
Virt BrIDge : xenbr0
Virt cpus : 1
Virt disk Driver Type : raw
Virt file Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
查看cobbler profile的赞助：
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --help
Usage: cobbler [options]
Options:
-h,--help show this help message and exit
--name=name name (Ex: F10-i386-webserver)
--uID=UID
--owners=OWNERS Owners (Owners List for authz_ownership (space
delimited))
--distro=disTRO distribution (Parent distribution)
--parent=PARENT Parent Profile
--enable-gpxe=ENABLE_GPXE
Enable gPXE? (Use gPXE instead of PXEliNUX for
advanced booting options)
--enable-menu=ENABLE_MENU
Enable PXE Menu? (Show this profile in the PXE menu?)
--kickstart=KICKSTART
Kickstart (Path to kickstart template)
--kopts=KERNEL_OPTIONS
Kernel Options (Ex: selinux=permissive)
--kopts-post=KERNEL_OPTIONS_POST
Kernel Options (Post Install) (Ex: clocksource=pit
noAPIc)
--ksMeta=KS_Meta Kickstart Metadata (Ex: dog=fang agent=86)
--proxy=PROXY Internal proxy (Internal proxy URL)
--repos=REPOS Repos (Repos to auto-assign to this profile)
--comment=COMMENT Comment (Free form text description)
--virt-auto-boot=VIRT_auto_BOOT
Virt auto Boot (auto boot this VM?)
--virt-cpus=VIRT_cpuS
Virt cpus (integer)
--virt-file-size=VIRT_file_SIZE
Virt file Size(GB)
--virt-disk-driver=VIRT_disK_DRIVER
Virt disk Driver Type (The on-disk format for the
virtualization disk)
--virt-ram=VIRT_RAM Virt RAM (MB)
--depth=DEPTH
--virt-type=VIRT_TYPE
Virt Type (Virtualization technology to use) (valID
options: xenpv,xenfv,qemu,kvm,vmware,openvz,SETTINGS:d
efault_virt_type)
--virt-path=VIRT_PATH
Virt Path (Ex: /directory OR VolGroup00)
--virt-brIDge=VIRT_BRIDGE
Virt BrIDge
--dhcp-tag=DHCP_TAG DHCP Tag (See manpage or leave blank)
--server=SERVER Server OverrIDe (See manpage or leave blank)
--ctime=CTIME
--mtime=MTIME
--name-servers=name_SERVERS
name Servers (space delimited)
--name-servers-search=name_SERVERS_SEARCH
name Servers Search Path (space delimited)
--mgmt-classes=MGMT_CLASSES
Management Classes (For external configuration
management)
--mgmt-parameters=MGMT_ParaMETERS
Management Parameters (Parameters which will be handed
to your management application (Must be valID YAML
dictionary))
--boot-files=BOOT_fileS
TFTP Boot files (files copIEd into tftpboot beyond the
kernel/initrd)
--fetchable-files=FETCHABLE_fileS
Fetchable files (Templates for tftp or wget/curl)
--template-files=TEMPLATE_fileS
Template files (file mapPings for built-in config
management)
--redhat-management-key=REDHAT_MANAGEMENT_KEY
Red Hat Management Key (Registration key for RHN,
Spacewalk,or Satellite)
--redhat-management-server=REDHAT_MANAGEMENT_SERVER
Red Hat Management Server (Address of Spacewalk or
Satellite Server)
--template-remote-kickstarts=TEMPLATE_REMOTE_KICKSTARTS
--clobber allow add to overwrite existing objects
--in-place edit items in kopts or ksMeta without clearing the
other items
改动kickstart文件：
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.3-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.3-x86_64.cfg
改动内核参数：
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.3-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler profile report
name : CentOS-7.3-x86_64
TFTP Boot files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
distribution : CentOS-7.3-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable files : {}
Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0','net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.3-x86_64.cfg
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
name Servers : []
name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server OverrIDe : <<inherit>>
Template files : {}
Virt auto Boot : 1
Virt BrIDge : xenbr0
Virt cpus : 1
Virt disk Driver Type : raw
Virt file Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2017-03-20_135014_sync
task started (ID=Sync,time=Mon Mar 20 13:50:14 2017)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7.3-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efIDefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7.3-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_List
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
copying: /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-7.3-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-7.3-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7.3-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-7.3-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS-7.3-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
淫乱 TASK COMPLETE 淫乱
安装完的CentOS6：
@H_404_435@
cobbler的图形化管理界面(默认用户名cobbler,默认暗码cobbler)：
弥补下,如果重启cobbler后发现dhcpd服务不能正常使用,很有可能是因为没设置自动启动
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl start dhcpd.service
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd.serviceCreated symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service.
相关附件可以到linux公社资源站下载：
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免费下载地址在 http://linux.linuxIDc.com/
用户名与暗码都是www.linuxIDc.com
具体下载目录在 /2017年材料/5月/26日/CentOS7下利用Cobbler安装部署CentOS/
下载办法见
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