银联芯片卡为何不能在台湾ATM机取现？

一般来说，国内银行卡在境外ATM取款按本代本和他代本分2种模式处理:本代本: 走本行内部网络处理，即发卡银行和收单终端都是同一家银行的，自家内部搞定，清算快，手续费什么的也不用跟别人分成。目前，国内各大银行均在海外大规模扩张业务，例如工行，业务已经覆盖全球40个国家和地区，在澳门、香港、加拿大等华人密集的地区均开展了广泛的个人金融零售业务，所以在这些地区，假如你拿着宇宙行的yhk，一般可以找到宇宙行自己的ATM, 存取款转账肯定是可以成功的。不过台湾地区目前还未进入工行版图(据称有收购本地银行的计划),所以题主目前在台湾是无法找到工行自家ATM的，因此只能走下面第二条路了。他代本: 走卡组织网络处理，只要发卡银行和收单终端所属银行都是属于同一个国际卡组织，则可以进行正常的存取交易。

chip enable program error,芯片程序烧写错误。型号得对，自动烧写是先擦出，然后烧写，验证。直接写得先擦出，然后写，没擦出写不进去。芯片放进插座后，芯片引脚和插座接触不好，也会发生写不进去，动动芯片，重新夹紧再写。芯片得是能重新擦除烧写的芯片，不是一次性的芯片。再者就是芯片已经损坏，不能烧写了，都会出现

chip enable program error。

An automated teller machine (ATM) is a computerized telecommunications device that provides the customers of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public space without the need for a human clerk or bank teller. On most modern ATMs, the customer is identified by inserting a plastic ATM card with a magnetic stripe or a plastic smartcard with a chip, that contains a unique card number and some security information, such as an expiration date or CVC (CVV). Security is provided by the customer entering a personal identification number (PIN).

Using an ATM, customers can access their bank accounts in order to make cash withdrawals (or credit card cash advances) and check their account balances. ATMs are known by various casual terms including automated banking machine, money machine, bank machine, cash machine, hole-in-the-wall, cashpoint or Bancomat (in Europe and Russia).

Fraud

As with any device containing objects of value, ATMs and the systems they depend on to function are the targets of fraud. Fraud against ATMs and people's attempts to use them takes several forms.

The first known instance of a fake ATM was installed at a shopping mall in Manchester, Connecticut in 1993. By modifying the inner workings of a Fujitsu model 7020 ATM, a criminal gang known as The Bucklands Boys were able to steal information from cards inserted into the machine by customers.[67]

In some cases, bank fraud could occur at ATMs whereby the bank accidentally stocks the ATM with bills in the wrong denomination, therefore giving the customer more money than should be dispensed.[68] The result of receiving too much money may be influenced on the Card Holder Agreement in place between the customer and the Bank.[69][70]

In a variation of this, WAVY-TV reported an incident in Virginia Beach of September 2006 where a hacker who had probably obtained a factory-default admin password for a gas station's white label ATM caused the unit to assume it was loaded with $5 USD bills instead of $20s, enabling himself--and many subsequent customers--to walk away with four times the money they said they wanted to withdraw.[71][72]

ATM behavior can change during what is called "stand-in" time, where the Bank's cash dispensing network is unable to access databases that contain account information (possibly for database maintenance). In order to give customers access to cash, customers may be allowed to withdraw cash up to a certain amount that may be less than their usual daily withdrawal limit, but may still exceed the amount of available money in their account, which could result in fraud.[73]

[edit] Card fraud

In an attempt to prevent criminals from shoulder surfing the customer's PINs, some banks draw privacy areas on the floor.

For a low-tech form of fraud, the easiest is to simply steal a customer's card. A later variant of this approach is to trap the card inside of the ATM's card reader with a device often referred to as a Lebanese loop. When the customer gets frustrated by not getting the card back and walks away from the machine, the criminal is able to remove the card and withdraw cash from the customer's account.

Another simple form of fraud involves attempting to get the customer's bank to issue a new card and stealing it from their mail.[74]

Some ATMs may put up warning messages to customers to not use them when it detects possible tampering.The concept and various methods of copying the contents of an ATM card's magnetic stripe on to a duplicate card to access other people's financial information was well known in the hacking communities by late 1990.[75]

In 1996 Andrew Stone, a computer security consultant from Hampshire in the UK was convicted of stealing in excess of £1 million Sterling (at the time equivalent to US$1.6 million) by pointing high definition video cameras at ATMs from a considerable distance, and by recording the card numbers, expiry dates, etc. from the embossed detail on the ATM cards along with video footage of the PINs being entered. After getting all the information from the videotapes, he was able to produce clone cards which not only allowed him to withdraw the full daily limit for each account, but also allowed him to sidestep withdrawal limits by using multiple copied cards. In court, it was shown that he could withdraw as much as £10,000 per hour by using this method. Stone was sentenced to five years and six months in prison.[76]

By contrast, a newer high-tech modus operandi involves the installation of a magnetic card reader over the real ATM's card slot and the use of a wireless surveillance camera or a modified digital camera to observe the user's PIN. Card data is then cloned onto a second card and the criminal attempts a standard cash withdrawal. The availability of low-cost commodity wireless cameras and card readers has made it a relatively simple form of fraud, with comparatively low risk to the fraudsters.[77]

In an attempt to stop these practices, countermeasures against card cloning have been developed by the banking industry, in particular by the use of smart cards which cannot easily be copied or spoofed by un-authenticated devices, and by attempting to make the outside of their ATMs tamper evident. Older chip-card security systems include the French Carte Bleue, Visa Cash, Mondex, Blue from American Express[78] and EMV '96 or EMV 3.11. The most actively developed form of smart card security in the industry today is known as EMV 2000 or EMV 4.x.

EMV is widely used in the UK (Chip and PIN) and parts of Europe, but when it is not available in a specific area, ATMs must fallback to using the easy to copy magnetic stripe to perform transactions. This fallback behaviour can be exploited.[79] However the fallback option has been removed by several UK banks, meaning if the chip is not read, the transaction will be declined.

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