现场应急救护程序d和r分别代表的是危险评估和检查伤病者反应。
急救是为了维持生命、防止伤病恶化、促进伤病恢复。而掌握“DRABC”这种简单又高效的急救方式,对于当事人和现场施救人员来说尤为重要。那么,这5个字母,分别代表的意思是:
1、D,是danger,即危险评估。当他人梁裤族需要救助时,施救者首先要判断救助行为是否会给自己带来危险,如在高速路上发现车祸,应先在前后各50米的范围内设置明显路障,再去查看车祸现场。
2、R,是response,即检查伤病者反应。当发现有纯告人需要救助时,应首先拨打120或其他电话呼救专业人员,同时观察救助者的反应。
3、A,是airway,即打开气道。去除口鼻异物、压前额、抬下颌,确保气道畅通。
4、B,是breath,即人工呼吸。用5至10秒钟,观察伤病者是否仍有自主呼吸。如无自主呼吸,高声呼橡弊救,并施行人工呼吸。
5、C,是dirculation,即胸外按压,恢复血液循环。
现场应急救护的原则
1、先复后固的原则
遇有心跳、呼吸骤停又有骨折者,应首先用口对口呼吸和胸外按压等技术使心、肺、脑复苏,直至心跳呼吸恢复后,再进行骨折固定。
2、先止后包的原则
遇有大出血又有创口者时,首先立即用指压、止血带或药物等方法止血,接着再消毒,并对创口进行包扎。
3、先重后轻的原则
指遇有垂危的和较轻的伤病员时,应优先抢救危重者,后抢救较轻的伤病员。
意思是“读和写”。
read :
英语单词,在汉语中有多种译法和解释,同时又是计算机语言函数和命令,用在不没虚租同的位置有不同的译法、解释及作用,应视情而定。
音标:[ri:d]
汉译:读
例子:
I want to read a book . ——我想读一本书。
The sign reads "No Smoking" . ——那个标牌写着"禁止吸烟"。
and:
And是英语中一个普通的枯兆连词,然而and并非只作并列连词用,它还具有一些不太常见的表达方式和意义,应根据上下文的特殊环境,作出判断才能准确理解其用法和意思。
音标:[ənd]
汉译:和
例子:
Peter dipped his whole head under, hat and all.——彼得连同帽子把整个头都浸在水里。
He jumped into the water, clothes and all.——他和衣跳进水里。
write:
write是一个英语单词,也是Unix命令行程誉渣序和内建指令。
音标:[raɪt]
汉译:写
例子:
He would write if you would answer. ——如果你回信的话,他就写信。
Please write your name and address in print.——姓名和地址请用印刷体书写。
//注意,如您使用的MCU没有那个功能,就不要 *** 作相应的寄存器//注意,如您使用的MCU没有那那么大的扩展SRAM,就不要 *** 作超过范围的SRAM
#include<reg51.h>
#include<则神中intrins.h>瞎则
sfr S2CON= 0x9A
//孙山S2SM0,S2SM1,S2SM2,S2REN,S2TB8,SRB8,S2TI,S2RI
sfr IE2= 0xAF
//X,X,X,X,X,X,ESPI,ES2
sfr S2BUF= 0x9B
sfr AUXR= 0x8e
sfr BRT = 0x9c
sfr IAP_CONTR = 0xC7
sfr CCON= 0xD8
sfr CMOD= 0xD9
sfr CL = 0xE9
sfr CH = 0xF9
sfr CCAP0L = 0xEA
sfr CCAP0H = 0xFA
sfr CCAPM0 = 0xDA
sfr CCAPM1 = 0xDB
sbit CR = 0xDE
sbit MCU_Start_Led = P1^7
sbit S2_Interrupt_Receive_Led = P1^4
//unsigned char self_command_array[4] = {0x22,0x33,0x44,0x55}
#define Self_Define_ISP_Download_Command 0x22
#define RELOAD_COUNT 0xfb //18.432MHz,12T,SMOD=0,9600bps
void serial_port_one_initial()
void send_UART_one(unsigned char)
void UART_one_Interrupt_Receive(void)
void serial_port_two_initial()
void send_UART_two(unsigned char)
void UART_two_Interrupt_Receive(void)
void soft_reset_to_ISP_Monitor(void)
void delay(void)
void display_MCU_Start_Led(void)
void send_PWM(void)
void main(void)
{
unsigned int array_point = 0
unsigned char xdata Test_array_one[512]=
{
0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27,
0x28, 0x29, 0x2a, 0x2b, 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e, 0x2f,
0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37,
0x38, 0x39, 0x3a, 0x3b, 0x3c, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x3f,
0x40, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46, 0x47,
0x48, 0x49, 0x4a, 0x4b, 0x4c, 0x4d, 0x4e, 0x4f,
0x50, 0x51, 0x52, 0x53, 0x54, 0x55, 0x56, 0x57,
0x58, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x5b, 0x5c, 0x5d, 0x5e, 0x5f,
0x60, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x67,
0x68, 0x69, 0x6a, 0x6b, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x6f,
0x70, 0x71, 0x72, 0x73, 0x74, 0x75, 0x76, 0x77,
0x78, 0x79, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0x7c, 0x7d, 0x7e, 0x7f,
0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87,
0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f,
0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97,
0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f,
0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7,
0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf,
0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7,
0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf,
0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7,
0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf,
0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7,
0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf,
0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7,
0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef,
0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7,
0xf8, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe, 0xff,
0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0xfc, 0xfb, 0xfa, 0xf9, 0xf8,
0xf7, 0xf6, 0xf5, 0xf4, 0xf3, 0xf2, 0xf1, 0xf0,
0xef, 0xee, 0xed, 0xec, 0xeb, 0xea, 0xe9, 0xe8,
0xe7, 0xe6, 0xe5, 0xe4, 0xe3, 0xe2, 0xe1, 0xe0,
0xdf, 0xde, 0xdd, 0xdc, 0xdb, 0xda, 0xd9, 0xd8,
0xd7, 0xd6, 0xd5, 0xd4, 0xd3, 0xd2, 0xd1, 0xd0,
0xcf, 0xce, 0xcd, 0xcc, 0xcb, 0xca, 0xc9, 0xc8,
0xc7, 0xc6, 0xc5, 0xc4, 0xc3, 0xc2, 0xc1, 0xc0,
0xbf, 0xbe, 0xbd, 0xbc, 0xbb, 0xba, 0xb9, 0xb8,
0xb7, 0xb6, 0xb5, 0xb4, 0xb3, 0xb2, 0xb1, 0xb0,
0xaf, 0xae, 0xad, 0xac, 0xab, 0xaa, 0xa9, 0xa8,
0xa7, 0xa6, 0xa5, 0xa4, 0xa3, 0xa2, 0xa1, 0xa0,
0x9f, 0x9e, 0x9d, 0x9c, 0x9b, 0x9a, 0x99, 0x98,
0x97, 0x96, 0x95, 0x94, 0x93, 0x92, 0x91, 0x90,
0x8f, 0x8e, 0x8d, 0x8c, 0x8b, 0x8a, 0x89, 0x88,
0x87, 0x86, 0x85, 0x84, 0x83, 0x82, 0x81, 0x80,
0x7f, 0x7e, 0x7d, 0x7c, 0x7b, 0x7a, 0x79, 0x78,
0x77, 0x76, 0x75, 0x74, 0x73, 0x72, 0x71, 0x70,
0x6f, 0x6e, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x6b, 0x6a, 0x69, 0x68,
0x67, 0x66, 0x65, 0x64, 0x63, 0x62, 0x61, 0x60,
0x5f, 0x5e, 0x5d, 0x5c, 0x5b, 0x5a, 0x59, 0x58,
0x57, 0x56, 0x55, 0x54, 0x53, 0x52, 0x51, 0x50,
0x4f, 0x4e, 0x4d, 0x4c, 0x4b, 0x4a, 0x49, 0x48,
0x47, 0x46, 0x45, 0x44, 0x43, 0x42, 0x41, 0x40,
0x3f, 0x3e, 0x3d, 0x3c, 0x3b, 0x3a, 0x39, 0x38,
0x37, 0x36, 0x35, 0x34, 0x33, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30,
0x2f, 0x2e, 0x2d, 0x2c, 0x2b, 0x2a, 0x29, 0x28,
0x27, 0x26, 0x25, 0x24, 0x23, 0x22, 0x21, 0x20,
0x1f, 0x1e, 0x1d, 0x1c, 0x1b, 0x1a, 0x19, 0x18,
0x17, 0x16, 0x15, 0x14, 0x13, 0x12, 0x11, 0x10,
0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08,
0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00
}
unsigned char i = 0
serial_port_one_initial() //串口1初始化
//serial_port_two_initial() //串口2初始化
display_MCU_Start_Led() //点亮发光二极管表示单片机开始工作
// send_UART_two(0x55) //串口2发送数据表示单片机串口正常工作
// send_UART_two(0xaa) //串口2发送数据表示单片机串口正常工作
/*
for(array_point=0array_point<512array_point++)
{
send_UART_two(Test_array_one[array_point])
}
*/
send_UART_one(0x34) //串口1发送数据表示单片机串口正常工作
send_UART_one(0xa7) //串口1发送数据表示单片机串口正常工作
for(array_point=0array_point<512array_point++)
{
send_UART_one(Test_array_one[array_point])
}
//send_PWM()//6kHz PWM, 50% duty
while(1)
}
void serial_port_one_initial()
{
SCON= 0x50 //0101,0000 8位可变波特率,无奇偶校验位
// TMOD= 0x21 //0011,0001 设置顶时器1为8位自动重装计数器
//TH1 = RELOAD_COUNT //设置定时器1自动重装数
//TL1 = RELOAD_COUNT
//TR1 = 1 //开定时器1
BRT = RELOAD_COUNT
// BRTR = 1, S1BRS = 1, EXTRAM = 1 ENABLE EXTRAM
AUXR = 0x11// T0x12,T1x12,UART_M0x6,BRTR,S2SMOD,BRTx12,EXTRAM,S1BRS
ES = 1 //允许串口中断
EA = 1 //开总中断
}
void serial_port_two_initial()
{
//sfr SCON= 0x98
//SM0,SM1,SM2,REN,TB8,RB8,TI,RI
//sfr S2CON= 0x9A
//S2SM0,S2SM1,S2SM2,S2REN,S2TB8,S2RB8,S2TI,S2RI
//sfr S2BUF= 0x9B
//sfr IE2= 0xAF
//X,X,X,X,X,X,ESPI,ES2
S2CON= 0x50 //0101,0000 8位可变波特率,无奇偶校验位,允许接收
BRT = RELOAD_COUNT
// BRTR = 1, S1BRS = 1, EXTRAM = 0 ENABLE EXTRAM
AUXR = 0x11// T0x12,T1x12,UART_M0x6,BRTR,S2SMOD,BRTx12,EXTRAM,S1BRS
//ES = 1 //允许串口1中断
// ES2 = 1
IE2 = 0x01//允许串口2中断,ES2=1
EA = 1 //开总中断
}
void send_UART_one(unsigned char i)
{
ES = 0 //关串口中断
TI = 0 //清零串口发送完成中断请求标志
SBUF = i
while(TI ==0)//等待发送完成
TI = 0 //清零串口发送完成中断请求标志
ES = 1 //允许串口中断
}
void send_UART_two(unsigned char i)
{
//sfr SCON= 0x98
//SM0,SM1,SM2,REN,TB8,RB8,TI,RI
//sfr S2CON= 0x9A
//S2SM0,S2SM1,S2SM2,S2REN,S2TB8,S2RB8,S2TI,S2RI
//sfr S2BUF= 0x9B
//sfr IE2= 0xAF
//X,X,X,X,X,X,ESPI,ES2
unsigned char temp = 0
//ES = 0 //关串口1中断
IE2 = 0x00//关串口2中断,es2=0
//TI = 0 //清零串口1发送完成中断请求标志
S2CON = S2CON &0xFD//B'11111101,清零串口2发送完成中断请求标志
//SBUF = i
S2BUF = i
//while(TI ==0)//等待发送完成
do
{
temp = S2CON
temp = temp &0x02
}while(temp==0)
// TI = 0 //清零串口发送完成中断请求标志
S2CON = S2CON &0xFD//B'11111101,清零串口2发送完成中断请求标志
//ES = 1 //允许串口1中断
// ES2 = 1
IE2 = 0x01//允许串口2中断,ES2=1
}
void UART_one_Interrupt_Receive(void) interrupt 4
{
unsigned char k = 0
if(RI==1)
{
RI = 0
k = SBUF
if(k==Self_Define_ISP_Download_Command) //是自定义下载命令
{
delay() //延时1秒就足够了
delay() //延时1秒就足够了
soft_reset_to_ISP_Monitor() //软复位到系统ISP监控区
}
send_UART_one(k+1)
}
else
{
TI = 0
}
}
void UART_two_Interrupt_Receive(void) interrupt 8
{
//sfr SCON= 0x98
//SM0,SM1,SM2,REN,TB8,RB8,TI,RI
//sfr S2CON= 0x9A
//S2SM0,S2SM1,S2SM2,S2REN,S2TB8,S2RB8,S2TI,S2RI
//sfr S2BUF= 0x9B
//sfr IE2= 0xAF
//X,X,X,X,X,X,ESPI,ES2
unsigned char k = 0
k = S2CON
k = k &0x01
//if(S2RI==1)
if(k==1)
{
//RI = 0
S2CON = S2CON &0xFE//1111,1110
S2_Interrupt_Receive_Led = 0
k = S2BUF
if(k==Self_Define_ISP_Download_Command) //是自定义下载命令
{
delay() //延时1秒就足够了
delay() //延时1秒就足够了
soft_reset_to_ISP_Monitor() //软复位到系统ISP监控区
}
send_UART_two(k+1)
}
else
{
//TI = 0
S2CON = S2CON &0xFD//1111,1101
}
}
void soft_reset_to_ISP_Monitor(void)
{
IAP_CONTR =0x60 //0110,0000 软复位到系统ISP监控区
}
void delay(void)
{
unsigned int j = 0
unsigned int g = 0
for(j=0j<5j++)
{
for(g=0g<60000g++)
{
_nop_()
_nop_()
_nop_()
_nop_()
_nop_()
}
}
}
void display_MCU_Start_Led(void)
{
//sbit MCU_Start_Led = P1^7
unsigned char i = 0
for(i=0i<1i++)
{
MCU_Start_Led = 0 //顶亮MCU开始工作指示灯
delay()
MCU_Start_Led = 1 //熄灭MCU开始工作指示灯
delay()
MCU_Start_Led = 0 //顶亮MCU开始工作指示灯
}
}
void send_PWM(void)
{
CMOD= 0x00 // CIDL - - - - CPS1 CPS0 ECF Setup PCA Timer
// CPS1 CPS0 = 00, Fosc/12 is PCA/PWM clock
// 18432000/12/256 = 6000
CL = 0x00
CH = 0x00
CCAP0L = 0x80 //Set the initial value same as CCAP0H
CCAP0H = 0x80 //50% Duty Cycle
CCAPM0 = 0x42 //0100,0010 Setup PCA module 0 in 8BIT PWM, P3.7
CR = 1 //启动 PCA/PWM 定时器
}
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