linux有什么命令可以提取指定的字符串

1. 例子

提取字符串以下字符串 error: 与 : 之间的子字符串。并消除空格。

"src/network/misc/nv_net_udp.c:17: fatal error: nv_net_tools.h: No such file or directory"1

2. 命令

echo "src/network/misc/nv_net_udp.c:17: fatal error: nv_net_tools.h: No such file or directory" | sed -r 's/.*error\:(.*)\:.*/\1/' | sed s/[[:space:]]//g1

该命令涉及 sed 命令的’反向引用’章节, \1 代表 (.*)

3. 结果

nv_net_tools.h1

4. 拓展 ： 解决编译错误

leon$  make clean && make all arm-hisiv100nptl-linux-gcc -c -fPIC -Wall -g -ggdb -O0 -DHI3518_CHIP -DLINUX -I./src/include -I./src/include/common -I./src/include/camera -I./src/include/conf -I./src/include/log -I./src/include/network -I./src/include/upnp -I/home/leon/nvc/arm-hisiv100nptl-linux/include src/common/nv_conf.c -o build/objs/hi3518/src/common/nv_conf.o/*省略中间部分*/arm-hisiv100nptl-linux-gcc -c -fPIC -Wall -g -ggdb -O0 -DHI3518_CHIP -DLINUX -I./src/include -I./src/include/common -I./src/include/camera -I./src/include/conf -I./src/include/log -I./src/include/network -I./src/include/upnp -I/home/leon/nvc/arm-hisiv100nptl-linux/include src/network/misc/nv_net_udp.c -o build/objs/hi3518/src/network/misc/nv_net_udp.o

src/network/misc/nv_net_udp.c:17: fatal error: nv_net_tools.h: No such file or directory

compilation terminated.make: *** [build/objs/hi3518/src/network/misc/nv_net_udp.o] Error 112345678

note: 在以上编译过程中我们发现,编译器提示说找不到nv_net_tools.h文件，而现实中我们也不需要这个文件的包含了，需要删除包含nv_net_tools.h 文件中的该行代码。

5.字符串提取 (命令行)

目标字符串

"from":"0802070975","to":"0802071013","url":"http://cn.update.mynetvue.com:8060/firmware/ce7e4228521be4556f69ef2bfcb7d665.tar.gz","md5":"ace4b34383f964442a591559d0afb296","level":0 12

需要提取 from , to, url , md5, level 等5个关键字后面的内容。

//提取 from  内容echo

"from":"0802070975","to":"0802071013","url":"http://cn.update.mynetvue.com:8060/firmware/ce7e4228521be4556f69ef2bfcb7d665.tar.gz","md5":"ace4b34383f964442a591559d0afb296","level":0 |  sed "s/.*from:\(.*\)/\1/" |  cut -d ',' -f1

//提取 to 内容echo

"from":"0802070975","to":"0802071013","url":"http://cn.update.mynetvue.com:8060/firmware/ce7e4228521be4556f69ef2bfcb7d665.tar.gz","md5":"ace4b34383f964442a591559d0afb296","level":0 |  sed "s/.*to:\(.*\)/\1/" |  cut -d ',' -f1

//提取 url  内容echo

"from":"0802070975","to":"0802071013","url":"http://cn.update.mynetvue.com:8060/firmware/ce7e4228521be4556f69ef2bfcb7d665.tar.gz","md5":"ace4b34383f964442a591559d0afb296","level":0 |  sed "s/.*url:\(.*\)/\1/" |  cut -d ',' -f1

//提取 md5 内容echo

"from":"0802070975","to":"0802071013","url":"http://cn.update.mynetvue.com:8060/firmware/ce7e4228521be4556f69ef2bfcb7d665.tar.gz","md5":"ace4b34383f964442a591559d0afb296","level":0 |  sed "s/.*md5:\(.*\)/\1/" |  cut -d ',' -f1

//提取 level 内容echo

"from":"0802070975","to":"0802071013","url":"http://cn.update.mynetvue.com:8060/firmware/ce7e4228521be4556f69ef2bfcb7d665.tar.gz","md5":"ace4b34383f964442a591559d0afb296","level":0 |  sed "s/.*level:\(.*\)/\1/" |  cut -d ',' -f112345678910111213141516

6.字符串提取 (脚本文件)

ret_val="\"from\":\"0804020982\",\"to\":\"0804020998\",\"url\":\"http://cn.update.mynetvue.com:8060/firmware/ce7e4228521be4556f69ef2bfcb7d665.tar.gz\",\"md5\":\"408d261924e6c271200fdf14d3a230cc\",\"level\":0" echo ret_val is : [ $ret_val ]from="$(echo $ret_val | sed 's/.*from\"\:\(.*\)/\1/' |  cut -d ',' -f1 |  sed 's/"//g')"

echo from: $from to="$(echo $ret_val | sed 's/.*to\"\:\(.*\)/\1/' |  cut -d ',' -f1 |  sed 's/"//g')"

echo to: $to url="$(echo $ret_val | sed 's/.*url\"\:\(.*\)/\1/' |  cut -d ',' -f1 |  sed 's/"//g')"

echo url: $url md5="$(echo $ret_val | sed 's/.*md5\"\:\(.*\)/\1/' |  cut -d ',' -f1 | sed 's/"//g')"

echo md5: $md5 level="$(echo $ret_val | sed 's/.*level\"\:\(.*\)/\1/' |  cut -d ',' -f1 | sed 's/"//g')"

echo level: $level12345678910111213141516171819

执行结果：

ret_val is : [ "from":"0804020982","to":"0804020998","url":"http://cn.update.mynetvue.com:8060/firmware/ce7e4228521be4556f69ef2bfcb7d665.tar.gz","md5":"408d261924e6c271200fdf14d3a230cc","level":0 ]

from: 0804020982

to: 0804020998

url: http://cn.update.mynetvue.com:8060/firmware/ce7e4228521be4556f69ef2bfcb7d665.tar.gzmd5: 408d261924e6c271200fdf14d3a230cc

level: 0

I.总结

要注意命令行执行，与脚本文件执行之间的差异性。

grep ingcn -rl /assign-path | xargs sed -i 's/ingcn/.ingcn/g'

或

sed -i 's/ingcn/.ingcn/g' `grep ingcn -rl /assign-path`

还有一种比较复杂的写法：

grep ingcn * -R | awk -F: '{print $1}' | sort | uniq | xargs sed -i 's/ingcn/.ingcn/g'

其中命令awk用于分割字符串、uniq对结果进行除重。

、网络上现成的资料

格式: sed -i s/查找字段/替换字段/g `grep 查找字段 -rl 路径`

linux sed 批量替换多个文件中的字符串

sed -i s/oldstring/newstring/g `grep oldstring -rl yourdir`

例如：替换/home下所有文件中的.111cn.为111cn.

sed -i s/.111cn./111cn./g `grep .111cn. -rl /home`

exp:sed -i s/shabi/$/g `grep shabi -rl ./`

2、自己额外附加

2.1 将文件1.txt内的文字garden替换成mirGarden

# sed -i s/garden/mirGarden/g

1.txt sed -i 很简单

2.2 将当前目录下的所有文件内的garden替换成mirGarden

## sed -i s/garden/mirGarden/g `ls` 其实也就是ls出多个文件名而已

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