前言
说到文本搜索工具，大家一定会知道 grep, 它是 linux 最有用并最常用的工具之一。
但如果要再一个大的工程项目中搜索某个关键词，大家也一定知道它比较耗时。
所以就有了很多替代工具，之前最出名的是 Ack，Ag
而最近又有了新的替代者 Ripgrep, 这个工具和 Ack/Ag 一样都使用了多线程的方法，但 rg 比它们更快
简介
ripgrep 是一个以行为单位的搜索工具， 它根据提供的 pattern 递归地在指定的目录里搜索。它是由 Rust 语言写成，相较与同类工具，它的特点就是无与伦比地快。
几个特点如下：
- 自动递归搜索 （grep 需要-R）
- 自动忽略.gitignore 中的文件以及 2 进制文件
- 可以搜索指定文件类型（rg -tpy foo限定 python 文件， rg -Tjs foo排除 js 文件)
- 支持大部分 grep 的 feature(常用的都有)
- 支持各种文件编译（UTF-8， UTF-16， latin-1, GBK, EUC-JP, Shift_JIS 等等）
- 支持搜索常见压缩文件(gzip, xz, lzma, bzip2, lz4)
- 自动高亮匹配的结果
- 更少的命令名称 rg (grep 是四个字符)
- 不支持多行搜索和花哨的正则
安装 ripgrep
先安装 RUST
curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
然后一路 enter 就好了
用 RUST 安装 rigpre
git clone https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep cd ripgrep cargo build --release cp ./target/release/rg /usr/local/bin/
最后一步根据你的情况把它放到某个在 PATH 里的路径里
使用
搜索结果展示
用法总体格式
USAGE: rg [OPTIONS] PATTERN [PATH ...] rg [OPTIONS] [-e PATTERN ...] [-f PATTERNFILE ...] [PATH ...] rg [OPTIONS] --files [PATH ...] rg [OPTIONS] --type-list command | rg [OPTIONS] PATTERN
输入参数
ARGS:
<PATTERN>
A regular expression used for searching. To match a pattern beginning with a
dash, use the -e/--regexp flag.
For example, to search for the literal '-foo', you can use this flag:
rg -e -foo
You can also use the special '--' delimiter to indicate that no more flags
will be provided. Namely, the following is equivalent to the above:
rg -- -foo
<PATH>...
A file or directory to search. Directories are searched recursively. Paths specified on
the command line override glob and ignore rules.
options
Description
other
{type}:{attribute}:{value}
magenta, yellow, white, black
{type}: path, line, column, match
style: nobold, bold, nointense
{attribute}: fg, bg, style
intense, nounderline, underline
{value}: a color or a text style
Example:
{type}:none会清空{type}的颜色设定
rg --colors 'match:fg:magenta' --colors 'line:bg:yellow' foo
{value}使用，如果终端支持 ANSI color
rg <options> --files [PATH...]方式使用，不能加 pattern
rg --max-depth 0 dir/不执行任何搜索
--color always --heading --line-number
rg -e -foo
rg --type-add 'foo:*.foo' -tfoo PATTERN
实例展示
实例一
$ rg 'name' ./
实例二
搜索name为独立单词的内容(-w), 相当于<pattern>
$ rg -w 'name' ./
实例三
只打印包含匹配内容的文件名(-l)
$ rg -w 'name' ./ -l src/cpp/epoll_server.cpp src/cpp/uart_xtor.cpp
实例四
只搜索cpp文件(-t), 可以用-T来不搜索某种类型文件
$ rg -w 'name' ./ -tcpp
实例五
正则搜索(-e)
$ rg -e "sa.*port" ./ -tcpp
实例六
显示匹配内容及上下各两行(-C), -A/-B类似
$ rg -e "sa.*port" ./ -tcpp -C2
实例七
显示不含"debug"的行(-v)
$ rg -v "debug" -tcpp ./
实例八
只显示匹配部分(-o)
$ rg -e "if.*debug" ./ -tcpp -o
实例九
忽略大小写(-i)
$ rg -ie "if.*debug" ./ -tcpp -o
实例十
把pattern当成常量字符(-F), 像.(){}*+不需要escape，如果要搜索的字符是以-开头，那么要用--来作为分隔符，或者用rg -e "-foo"
rg -F "i++)" ./ -tcpp
实例十一
打印所有将被搜索的文件 --files
rg --files
实例十二
输出内置识别文件类型
$ rg --type-list agda: *.agda, *.lagda aidl: *.aidl amake: *.bp, *.mk asciidoc: *.adoc, *.asc, *.asciidoc asm: *.S, *.asm, *.s ats: *.ats, *.dats, *.hats, *.sats avro: *.avdl, *.avpr, *.avsc awk: *.awk bazel: *.bzl, BUILD, WORKSPACE bitbake: *.bb, *.bbappend, *.bbclass, *.conf, *.inc bzip2: *.bz2 c: *.H, *.c, *.cats, *.h cabal: *.cabal cbor: *.cbor ceylon: *.ceylon clojure: *.clj, *.cljc, *.cljs, *.cljx cmake: *.cmake, CMakeLists.txt coffeescript: *.coffee config: *.cfg, *.conf, *.config, *.ini cpp: *.C, *.H, *.cc, *.cpp, *.cxx, *.h, *.hh, *.hpp, *.hxx, *.inl creole: *.creole crystal: *.cr, Projectfile cs: *.cs csharp: *.cs cshtml: *.cshtml css: *.css, *.scss csv: *.csv cython: *.pyx d: *.d dart: *.dart dhall: *.dhall docker: *Dockerfile* elisp: *.el elixir: *.eex, *.ex, *.exs elm: *.elm erlang: *.erl, *.hrl fidl: *.fidl fish: *.fish fortran: *.F, *.F77, *.F90, *.F95, *.f, *.f77, *.f90, *.f95, *.pfo fsharp: *.fs, *.fsi, *.fsx gn: *.gn, *.gni go: *.go groovy: *.gradle, *.groovy gzip: *.gz h: *.h, *.hpp haskell: *.c2hs, *.cpphs, *.hs, *.hsc, *.lhs hbs: *.hbs hs: *.hs, *.lhs html: *.ejs, *.htm, *.html idris: *.idr, *.lidr java: *.java, *.jsp jinja: *.j2, *.jinja, *.jinja2 jl: *.jl js: *.js, *.jsx, *.vue json: *.json, composer.lock jsonl: *.jsonl julia: *.jl jupyter: *.ipynb, *.jpynb kotlin: *.kt, *.kts less: *.less license: *[.-]LICEN[CS]E*, AGPL-*[0-9]*, APACHE-*[0-9]*, BSD-*[0-9]*, CC-BY-*, COPYING, COPYING[.-]*, COPYRIGHT, COPYRIGHT[.-]*, EULA, EULA[.-]*, GFDL-*[0-9]*, GNU-*[0-9]*, GPL-*[0-9]*, LGPL-*[0-9]*, LICEN[CS]E, LICEN[CS]E[.-]*, MIT-*[0-9]*, MPL-*[0-9]*, NOTICE, NOTICE[.-]*, OFL-*[0-9]*, PATENTS, PATENTS[.-]*, UNLICEN[CS]E, UNLICEN[CS]E[.-]*, agpl[.-]*, gpl[.-]*, lgpl[.-]*, licen[cs]e, licen[cs]e.* lisp: *.el, *.jl, *.lisp, *.lsp, *.sc, *.scm log: *.log lua: *.lua lz4: *.lz4 lzma: *.lzma m4: *.ac, *.m4 make: *.mak, *.mk, GNUmakefile, Gnumakefile, Makefile, gnumakefile, makefile man: *.[0-9][cEFMmpSx], *.[0-9lnpx] markdown: *.markdown, *.md, *.mdown, *.mkdn matlab: *.m md: *.markdown, *.md, *.mdown, *.mkdn mk: mkfile ml: *.ml msbuild: *.csproj, *.fsproj, *.proj, *.props, *.targets, *.vcxproj nim: *.nim nix: *.nix objc: *.h, *.m objcpp: *.h, *.mm ocaml: *.ml, *.mli, *.mll, *.mly org: *.org pdf: *.pdf perl: *.PL, *.perl, *.pl, *.plh, *.plx, *.pm, *.t php: *.php, *.php3, *.php4, *.php5, *.phtml pod: *.pod protobuf: *.proto ps: *.cdxml, *.ps1, *.ps1xml, *.psd1, *.psm1 puppet: *.erb, *.pp, *.rb purs: *.purs py: *.py qmake: *.prf, *.pri, *.pro r: *.R, *.Rmd, *.Rnw, *.r rdoc: *.rdoc readme: *README, README* rst: *.rst ruby: *.gemspec, *.rb, .irbrc, Gemfile, Rakefile rust: *.rs sass: *.sass, *.scss scala: *.sbt, *.scala sh: *.bash, *.bashrc, *.csh, *.cshrc, *.ksh, *.kshrc, *.sh, *.tcsh, *.zsh, .bash_login, .bash_logout, .bash_profile, .bashrc, .cshrc, .kshrc, .login, .logout, .profile, .tcshrc, .zlogin, .zlogout, .zprofile, .zshenv, .zshrc, bash_login, bash_logout, bash_profile, bashrc, profile, zlogin, zlogout, zprofile, zshenv, zshrc smarty: *.tpl sml: *.sig, *.sml soy: *.soy spark: *.spark sql: *.psql, *.sql stylus: *.styl sv: *.h, *.sv, *.svh, *.v, *.vg svg: *.svg swift: *.swift swig: *.def, *.i systemd: *.automount, *.conf, *.device, *.link, *.mount, *.path, *.scope, *.service, *.slice, *.socket, *.swap, *.target, *.timer taskpaper: *.taskpaper tcl: *.tcl tex: *.bib, *.cls, *.ltx, *.sty, *.tex textile: *.textile tf: *.tf toml: *.toml, Cargo.lock ts: *.ts, *.tsx twig: *.twig txt: *.txt vala: *.vala vb: *.vb verilog: *.sv, *.svh, *.v, *.vh vhdl: *.vhd, *.vhdl vim: *.vim vimscript: *.vim webidl: *.idl, *.webidl, *.widl wiki: *.mediawiki, *.wiki xml: *.xml, *.xml.dist xz: *.xz yacc: *.y yaml: *.yaml, *.yml zsh: *.zsh, .zlogin, .zlogout, .zprofile, .zshenv, .zshrc, zlogin, zlogout, zprofile, zshenv, zshrc
总结
ripgrep的搜索速度真是快的飞起来，在浏览代码时对我的帮助非常大。我相信它对于每一个码农的价值都是无限大的，特别是结合FZF之后。
唯一的弱点是对正则的支持，但这是一个取舍，如果采用如PCRE那样的库的话，一定会极大影响速度。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
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