监控命令：
[root@node1 ~]# watch -n 1 "pvs;echo =======;vgs;echo ========;lvs;echo ====;df -h /weixindata"
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): +1G
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB.
Partition #1 contains a xfs signature.
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: y
The signature will be removed by a write command.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (2099200-10485759, default 2099200):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2099200-10485759, default 10485759): +1G
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 1 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x657e7edc
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1 * 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 1026048 2050047 1024000 500M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vda3 2050048 16777215 14727168 7G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 5 GiB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xa14f4727
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vdb1 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vdb2 2099200 4196351 2097152 1G 8e Linux LVM
root@node1 ~]# udevadm settle 同步分区表
[root@node1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1 制作物理卷，处理物理分区叫物理卷
Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.
[root@node1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb2 制作物理卷，处理物理分区叫物理卷
Physical volume "/dev/vdb2" successfully created.
[root@node1 ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/vdb1 制作物理卷组
Volume group "vg0" successfully created
[root@node1 ~]# vgdisplay 查看物理卷组
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg0
System ID
Format lvm2
metadata Areas 1
metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 1020.00 MiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB pe是4M ，划分设备必须是pe的整数倍，所以在制做pv的时候可以指定pe的大小
Total PE 255
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 255 / 1020.00 MiB
VG UUID ZgN301-saXX-ZU5G-caK6-WHP4-eVf3-SC9qmI
[root@node1 ~]# vgremove vg0 删除vg0重新指定
Volume group "vg0" successfully removed
[root@node1 ~]# vgcreate -s 2M vg0 /dev/vdb1 制作vg时指定pe大小为2M
Volume group "vg0" successfully created
[root@node1 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg0
System ID
Format lvm2
metadata Areas 1
metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 1022.00 MiB
PE Size 2.00 MiB pe变成2M
Total PE 511
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 511 / 1022.00 MiB
VG UUID GhsiK9-KXD8-8Y6H-1yOF-aRnJ-mcFc-CtGQtl
[root@node1 ~]# lvcreate -L 22M -n lv0 vg0 -L 指定pe大小 -n名字 vg0表示在vg0取lv0
Logical volume "lv0" created.
[root@node1 ~]# lvcreate -L 22M -n lv0 vg0
Logical volume "lv0" created.
[root@node1 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/lv0 格式化lv0
meta-data=/dev/vg0/lv0 isize=512 agcount=1, agsize=5632 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=5632, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=1368, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /weixindata/ 挂载
3、lvm拉伸
[root@node1 ~]# lvextend -L 50M /dev/vg0/lv0 拉伸到50M
Size of logical volume vg0/lv0 changed from 22.00 MiB (11 extents) to 50.00 MiB (25 extents).
Logical volume vg0/lv0 successfully resized.
[root@node1 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg0/lv0 拉伸后，拉伸的空间也需要格式化
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 isize=512 agcount=1, agsize=5632 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=5632, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=1368, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 5632 to 12800
[root@node1 ~]# lvextend -L 1500M /dev/vg0/lv0 lvm拉伸到1500M不够情况
Insufficient free space: 725 extents needed, but only 486 available
[root@node1 ~]# vgextend vg0 /dev/vdb2 拉伸vg
Volume group "vg0" successfully extended
[root@node1 ~]# lvextend -L 1500M /dev/vg0/lv0 lvm拉伸就够用了
Size of logical volume vg0/lv0 changed from 50.00 MiB (25 extents) to 1.46 GiB (750 extents).
Logical volume vg0/lv0 successfully resized.
[root@node1 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg0/lv0 格式化
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 isize=512 agcount=3, agsize=5632 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=12800, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=1368, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 12800 to 384000
4、lvm缩减
[root@node1 ~]# umount /weixindata 卸载掉之前挂载，因为xfs格式不能缩减 [root@node1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/lv0 格式文件系统为ext4 [root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /weixindata/ 挂载 [root@node1 ~]# lvextend -L 1800M /dev/vg0/lv0 拉伸设备 [root@node1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv0 拉伸文件系统 resize2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019) Filesystem at /dev/vg0/lv0 is mounted on /weixindata; on-line resizing required old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1 The filesystem on /dev/vg0/lv0 is now 460800 (4k) blocks long [root@node1 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg0/lv0 检测，防止数据拉的过小对数据造成损坏 e2fsck 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/vg0/lv0: 11/120000 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 16862/460800 blocks [root@node1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv0 500M 缩减文件系统为500M resize2fs 1.45.4 (23-Sep-2019) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg0/lv0 to 128000 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/vg0/lv0 is now 128000 (4k) blocks long. [root@node1 ~]# lvreduce -L 500M /dev/vg0/lv0 缩减设备 WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 500.00 MiB. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce vg0/lv0? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume vg0/lv0 changed from <1.76 GiB (900 extents) to 500.00 MiB (250 extents). Logical volume vg0/lv0 successfully resized. [root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /weixindata/ 挂载 root@node1 ~]# vgreduce vg0 /dev/vdb2 /dev/vdb2 设备时闲置的可以取出来 若没有闲置需要取出来 [root@node1 ~]# vgreduce vg0 /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdb1设备没有闲置取不出来 Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" still in use [root@node1 ~]# pvmove /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdb2 将vdb1上的数据移动到vdb2上 /dev/vdb1: Moved: 2.40% /dev/vdb1: Moved: 100.00% [root@node1 ~]# vgreduce vg0 /dev/vdb1 缩减vg，取出vdb1 Removed "/dev/vdb1" from volume group "vg0" [root@node1 ~]# pvremove /dev/vdb1 缩减pv，直接删除掉pv Labels on physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully wiped.5 、lvm快照
[root@node1 ~]# touch /weixindata/westosfile{1..10} 建立文件
[root@node1 ~]# umount /weixindata/ 卸载
[root@node1 ~]# ls /weixindata/ 卸载后数据看不见
[root@node1 ~]# lvcreate -L 50M -s /dev/vg0/lv0 -n lv0-backup -s后面跟需要快照的设备 -n后面跟自己命名的快昭名字
Logical volume "lv0-backup" created.
[root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0-backup /weixindata/ 快照不需要格式化，可以直接挂载
[root@node1 ~]# ls /weixindata/
lost+found westosfile10 westosfile3 westosfile5 westosfile7 westosfile9
westosfile1 westosfile2 westosfile4 westosfile6 westosfile8
如何删除快照
[root@node1 ~]# umount /weixindata
[root@node1 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg0/lv0-backup 删除lvm快照
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg0/lv0-backup? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "lv0-backup" successfully removed
[root@node1 ~]# lvcreate -L 50M -n lv0-backup -s /dev/vg0/lv0 重新快照lvm
Logical volume "lv0-backup" created.
[root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0-backup /weixindata/ 挂载
[root@node1 ~]# ls /weixindata/ 数据又出现了
lost+found westosfile10 westosfile3 westosfile5 westosfile7 westosfile9
westosfile1 westosfile2 westosfile4 westosfile6 westosfile8
6、lvm删除
root@node1 ~]# umount /weixindata 卸载 [root@node1 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert lv0 vg0 owi-a-s--- 500.00m lv0-backup vg0 swi-a-s--- 50.00m lv0 0.06 [root@node1 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg0/lv0-backup 删除lvm快照 Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg0/lv0-backup? [y/n]: y Logical volume "lv0-backup" successfully removed [root@node1 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg0/lv0 删除lvm Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg0/lv0? [y/n]: y Logical volume "lv0" successfully removed [root@node1 ~]# vgremove vg0 删除vg0 Volume group "vg0" successfully removed [root@node1 ~]# pvremove /dev/vdb2 删除pv Labels on physical volume "/dev/vdb2" successfully wiped.7、vdo（虚拟机数据优化器）设备的企业需求及建立
vdo 压缩数据
uds 优化重复数据
[root@node1 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/vdb bs=1M count=1 清空分区
vdo建立
[root@node1 ~]# vdo create --name westos_vdo1 --device /dev/vdb 整块设备创建vdo
Creating VDO westos_vdo1
Logical blocks defaulted to 523108 blocks.
The VDO volume can address 2 GB in 1 data slab.
It can grow to address at most 16 TB of physical storage in 8192 slabs.
If a larger maximum size might be needed, use bigger slabs.
Starting VDO westos_vdo1
Starting compression on VDO westos_vdo1
VDO instance 0 volume is ready at /dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 生成设备文件
[root@node1 ~]# mkfs.xfs -K /dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 格式化
meta-data=/dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=130777 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=523108, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 /weixindata/ 挂载
[root@node1 ~]# vdo status --name westos_vdo1 | less 查看vdo信息
VDO status:
Date: '2021-10-23 09:14:51+08:00'
Node: node1
Kernel module:
Loaded: true
Name: kvdo
Version information:
kvdo version: 6.2.2.117
Configuration:
File: /etc/vdoconf.yml
Last modified: '2021-10-22 17:47:41'
VDOs:
westos_vdo1:
Acknowledgement threads: 1
Activate: enabled
Bio rotation interval: 64
Bio submission threads: 4
Block map cache size: 128M
Block map period: 16380
。。。。。。。。。。。
其中有两个参数必须开启：
Deduplication:enabled vdo检测并删除重复数据
compression:enabled vdo数据压缩功能开启
[root@node1 ~]# vdostats --human-readable 查看设备的存储状态
Device Size Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 5.0G 3.0G 2.0G 60% 98%
[root@node1 ~]# watch -n -1 vdostats --human-readable 监控设备的存储状态
Every 0.1s: vdostats --human-readable node1: Sat Oct 23 09:32:26 2021
Device Size Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 5.0G 3.5G 1.5G 70% 50%
[root@foundation50 images]# cd /var/www/html/westos/images/ 进入镜像
[root@foundation50 images]# scp install.img root@172.25.254.100:weixindata/ 将install.img文件拷贝到虚拟机node1上
[root@foundation50 images]# scp install.img root@172.25.254.100:/weixindata/install1.img
[root@node1 ~]# cd /weixindata/
[root@node1 weixindata]# ls
install1.img install.img 拷贝了两份相同的数据
但是vdo数据优化功能开启后，他只占用一份数据
8、vdo设备的挂载
vdo设备开机自动挂载/etc/fstab是在vdo服务启动之后才能挂载的,但是系统会先访问/etc/fstab，再启动服务，这样重启系统，系统就会启动不起来，挂载时需要加x-systemd.requires=vdo.service参数，可用man vdo查看
[root@node1 weixindata]# vim /etc/fstab /dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 /mnt xfs defaults,x-systemd.requires=vdo.service 0 09、vdo设备删除
[root@node1 ~]# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 907604 0 907604 0% /dev tmpfs 935400 0 935400 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 935400 9368 926032 2% /run tmpfs 935400 0 935400 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/vda3 7353344 4374696 2978648 60% / /dev/vda1 506528 218976 287552 44% /boot /dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 2082192 1136092 946100 55% /mnt tmpfs 187080 1180 185900 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs 187080 4 187076 1% /run/user/0 [root@node1 ~]# umount /mnt 卸载 [root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab 删除挂载 /dev/mapper/westos_vdo1 /mnt xfs defaults,x-systemd.requires=vdo.service 0 0 [root@node1 ~]# vdo stop --name westos_vdo1 关掉vdo设备 Stopping VDO westos_vdo1 [root@node1 ~]# vdo remove --name westos_vdo1 删除vdo
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