替换两个字符
我给当前答案中的所有方法加上了一个额外的时间。
使用输入字符串
abc&def#ghi并替换
&-> &和
#-> #,最快的方法是将替换链接在一起,如下所示:
text.replace('&', '&').replace('#', '#')。
每个功能的时间:
- a)1000000次循环,每个循环最好为3:1.47 s
- b)1000000个循环,每个循环的最佳时间为3:1.51μs
- c)100000个循环,每个循环最好为3:12.3μs
- d)100000个循环,每个循环最好为3:12μs
- e)100000个循环,每个循环最好为3:3.27μs
- f)1000000次循环,最好为3:每个循环0.817μs
- g)100000个循环,每个循环中最好为3:3.64μs
- h)1000000次循环,每循环最好3:0.927μs
- i)1000000次循环,最佳3:每个循环0.814μs
功能如下:
def a(text): chars = "&#" for c in chars: text = text.replace(c, "\" + c)def b(text): for ch in ['&','#']: if ch in text: text = text.replace(ch,"\"+ch)import redef c(text): rx = re.compile('([&#])') text = rx.sub(r'', text)RX = re.compile('([&#])')def d(text): text = RX.sub(r'', text)def mk_esc(esc_chars): return lambda s: ''.join(['\' + c if c in esc_chars else c for c in s])esc = mk_esc('&#')def e(text): esc(text)def f(text): text = text.replace('&', '&').replace('#', '#')def g(text): replacements = {"&": "&", "#": "#"} text = "".join([replacements.get(c, c) for c in text])def h(text): text = text.replace('&', r'&') text = text.replace('#', r'#')def i(text): text = text.replace('&', r'&').replace('#', r'#')
像这样计时:
python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.a('abc&def#ghi')"python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.b('abc&def#ghi')"python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.c('abc&def#ghi')"python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.d('abc&def#ghi')"python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.e('abc&def#ghi')"python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.f('abc&def#ghi')"python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.g('abc&def#ghi')"python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.h('abc&def#ghi')"python -mtimeit -s"import time_functions" "time_functions.i('abc&def#ghi')"
替换17个字符
下面是类似的代码,它们可以执行相同的 *** 作,但是要转义更多的字符(`* _ {}>#+-。!$):
def a(text): chars = "\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$" for c in chars: text = text.replace(c, "\" + c)def b(text): for ch in ['\','`','*','_','{','}','[',']','(',')','>','#','+','-','.','!','$',''']: if ch in text: text = text.replace(ch,"\"+ch)import redef c(text): rx = re.compile('([&#])') text = rx.sub(r'', text)RX = re.compile('([\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$])')def d(text): text = RX.sub(r'', text)def mk_esc(esc_chars): return lambda s: ''.join(['\' + c if c in esc_chars else c for c in s])esc = mk_esc('\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$')def e(text): esc(text)def f(text): text = text.replace('\', '\').replace('`', '`').replace('*', '*').replace('_', '_').replace('{', '{').replace('}', '}').replace('[', '[').replace(']', ']').replace('(', '(').replace(')', ')').replace('>', '>').replace('#', '#').replace('+', '+').replace('-', '-').replace('.', '.').replace('!', '!').replace('$', '$')def g(text): replacements = { "\": "\", "`": "`", "*": "*", "_": "_", "{": "{", "}": "}", "[": "[", "]": "]", "(": "(", ")": ")", ">": ">", "#": "#", "+": "+", "-": "-", ".": ".", "!": "!", "$": "$", } text = "".join([replacements.get(c, c) for c in text])def h(text): text = text.replace('\', r'\') text = text.replace('`', r'`') text = text.replace('*', r'*') text = text.replace('_', r'_') text = text.replace('{', r'{') text = text.replace('}', r'}') text = text.replace('[', r'[') text = text.replace(']', r']') text = text.replace('(', r'(') text = text.replace(')', r')') text = text.replace('>', r'>') text = text.replace('#', r'#') text = text.replace('+', r'+') text = text.replace('-', r'-') text = text.replace('.', r'.') text = text.replace('!', r'!') text = text.replace('$', r'$')def i(text): text = text.replace('\', r'\').replace('`', r'`').replace('*', r'*').replace('_', r'_').replace('{', r'{').replace('}', r'}').replace('[', r'[').replace(']', r']').replace('(', r'(').replace(')', r')').replace('>', r'>').replace('#', r'#').replace('+', r'+').replace('-', r'-').replace('.', r'.').replace('!', r'!').replace('$', r'$')
这是相同输入字符串的结果abc&def#ghi:
- a)100000次循环,每循环3:6.72μs最佳
- b)100000个循环,每个循环最好为3:2.64μs
- c)100000个循环,每个循环最好3:11.9μs
- d)100000个循环,每个循环的最佳时间为3:4.92μs
- e)100000个循环,每个循环中最好为3:2.96μs
- f)100000个循环,每个循环最好为3:4.29μs
- g)100000个循环,每个循环最好为3:4.68μs
- h)100000次循环,每循环3:4.73μs最佳
- i)100000个循环,每个循环最好为3:4.24μs
并使用更长的输入字符串(## Something and [another] thing in a longer sentence with {more} things to replace$):
- a)100000个循环,每个循环的最佳时间为3:7.59μs
- b)100000个循环,每个循环最好3:6.54μs
- c)100000个循环,每个循环最好3:16.9μs
- d)100000个循环,每个循环的最佳时间为3:7.29μs
- e)100000个循环,最佳3:每个循环12.2μs
- f)100000个循环,每个循环最好为3:3.38μs
- g)10000个循环,每个循环最好3:21.7μs
- h)100000个循环,最佳3:每个循环5.7μs
- i)100000个循环,每个循环最好为3:5.13 s
添加几个变体:
def ab(text): for ch in ['\','`','*','_','{','}','[',']','(',')','>','#','+','-','.','!','$',''']: text = text.replace(ch,"\"+ch)def ba(text): chars = "\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$" for c in chars: if c in text: text = text.replace(c, "\" + c)
输入较短时:
- ab)100000个循环,每个循环中最好为3:7.05μs
- ba)100000个循环,最佳3:每个循环2.4μs
输入较长时:
- ab)100000个循环,每个循环最好为3:3.71μs
- ba)100000个循环,最佳3:每个循环6.08μs
因此,我将使用ba其可读性和速度。
附录
注释中出现提示,提示ab和之间的区别ba是if c in text:检查。让我们针对另外两个变体进行测试:
def ab_with_check(text): for ch in ['\','`','*','_','{','}','[',']','(',')','>','#','+','-','.','!','$',''']: if ch in text: text = text.replace(ch,"\"+ch)def ba_without_check(text): chars = "\`*_{}[]()>#+-.!$" for c in chars: text = text.replace(c, "\" + c)
在Python 2.7.14和3.6.3上,以及与早期版本不同的计算机上,每个循环的时间(以μs为单位),因此无法直接进行比较。
╭────────────╥──────┬───────────────┬──────┬──────────────────╮│ Py, input ║ ab │ ab_with_check │ ba │ ba_without_check │╞════════════╬══════╪═══════════════╪══════╪══════════════════╡│ Py2, short ║ 8.81 │ 4.22 │ 3.45 │ 8.01 ││ Py3, short ║ 5.54 │ 1.34 │ 1.46 │ 5.34 │├────────────╫──────┼───────────────┼──────┼──────────────────┤│ Py2, long ║ 9.3 │ 7.15 │ 6.85 │ 8.55 ││ Py3, long ║ 7.43 │ 4.38 │ 4.41 │ 7.02 │└────────────╨──────┴───────────────┴──────┴──────────────────┘
我们可以得出以下结论:
有支票的人的速度比没有支票的人快4倍
ab_with_check在Python 3上稍有领先,但是ba(带检查)在Python 2上有更大的领先
但是,这里最大的教训是Python 3比Python 2快3倍!Python 3上最慢的速度与Python 2上最快的速度之间没有太大的区别!
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