Javaweb学习-01-servlet

Javaweb学习-01-servlet,第1张

Javaweb学习-01-servlet Javaweb学习-01-servlet 1 servlet简介
  • servlet是sun公式开发的动态web的一门技术,servlet是JavaEE规范之一,规范就是接口。servlet是Javaweb三大组件之一(servlet程序,filter过滤器,listener监听器)。servlet就是运行在服务器上的一个java小程序,它可以接收客户端发送过来的请求,并响应数据给客户端。
  • 想开发一个servlet程序需要完成两个小步骤:1 编写一个类,实现servlet接口。2 把开发好的java类部署到web服务器中。
  • HttpServlet实例
  1. 新建一个maven项目文件,在pom.xml中加入依赖:java.servlet java.servlet.jsp
  2. 新建一个子模块,更新web.xml文件配置,将目录结构搭建完整




  1. 编写一个普通类,实现servlet接口,这里直接继承HttpServlet类
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
//    由于get或者post只是请求实现的不同的方式,可以相互调用,业务逻辑都一样
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入doGet");
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("Hello,Servlet ");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

4.编写servlet映射
我们写的是java程序,但是要通过浏览器访问,浏览器需要连接web服务器,所以我们需要在web服务器中注册我们写的Servlet,还需要给他一个浏览器能够访问的路径。


        helloServlet
        
          
        com.yang.servlet.HelloServlet
    
    
    
        helloServlet
        /hello
    

5.配置Tomcat

6.运行Tomcat服务器。

2 ServletContext
  • web容器在启动的时候,它会为每个web程序都创建一个SernletContext对象,它代表了当前的web应用
  • 共享数据
public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.getWriter().print("姓名:"+username);
    }
}
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String username = "李明";
        servletContext.setAttribute("username",username);
    }
}



    
        HelloServlet
        com.yang.servlet.HelloServlet
    
    
        HelloServlet
        /hello
    
    
    
    
        GetServlet
        com.yang.servlet.GetServlet
    
    
        GetServlet
        /getServlet
    


3 HttpServletResponse
  • web服务器接收到客户端的http请求,针对这个请求,分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象,代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse。如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数,找HttpServletRequest,如果要给客户端响应一些信息,找HttpServletResponse。
  • 简单分类
    负责向浏览器发送数据的方法:
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;

PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法:

    void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);

    void setContentLength(int var1);

    void setContentLengthLong(long var1);

    void setContentType(String var1);

    void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);

    void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);

    void setHeader(String var1, String var2);

    void addHeader(String var1, String var2);

    void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

    void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);

响应的状态码:
200:请求响应成功
2xx:请求重定向:重新到新位置去
4xx:找不到资源 404 资源不存在
5xx:服务器代码错误 500 502:网关错误

    int SC_ConTINUE = 100;
    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    int SC_OK = 200;
    int SC_CREATED = 201;
    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    int SC_NO_ConTENT = 204;
    int SC_RESET_ConTENT = 205;
    int SC_PARTIAL_ConTENT = 206;
    int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    int SC_FOUND = 302;
    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    int SC_ConFLICT = 409;
    int SC_GONE = 410;
    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
  • 常见应用
    1.下载文件
	1.要获取下载文件的路径
	2.下载的文件名是什么
	3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
	4.获取下载文件的输入流
	5.创建缓冲区
	6.获取OutputStream对象
	7.将FileOutputStream流写入buffer缓冲区
	8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端 
public class FileResponse extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        1.要获取下载文件的路径
        String realPath = "I:\Javaweb\servlet-04-response\target\classes\同花顺.png";
        System.out.println("获取文件的路径"+realPath);
//        2.下载的文件名是什么
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\") + 1);
//        3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名URLEncoder.encode编码
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
//        4.获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//        5.创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//        6.获取OutputStream对象
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();
//        7.将FileOutputStream流写入buffer缓冲区
//        8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
        while ( (len = inputStream.read(buffer)) > 0){
            outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        inputStream.close();
        outputStream.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

2.验证码功能

public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//        如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
//        在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//        得到图片
        Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
//        设置图片的颜色背景
        graphics.setColor(Color.white);
        graphics.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
//        给图片写数据
        graphics.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        graphics.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        graphics.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);

//        告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jpg");
//        不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
//        把图片写给浏览器
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream());

    }

//    生成随机数
    private String makeNum(){
        Random random = new Random();
        String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + "";
        StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < 7 - num.length(); i++) {
            stringBuffer.append("0");
        }
        num = stringBuffer.toString() + num;
        return num;
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

3.实现重定向
一个web资源收到客户端请求后,它会通知客户端去访问另一个web资源,这个过程叫做重定向。
常见场景:用户登录

public class RequestText extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("进入请求了");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(username+"+"+password);
        resp.sendRedirect("./success.jsp");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}


Hello World!
<%----%>




<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>


    Title



success



4 HttpServletRequest

HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问服务器,Http请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有的信息。

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doGet(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobbies");
        System.out.println(username+"+"+password);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbies));

//        通过请求转发
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        req.getRequestDispatcher("./success.jsp").forward(req,resp);

    }
}

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>


    登录



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