不幸的是,当您尝试对包含多个类的类属性值进行正则表达式匹配时,
BeautifulSoup会将正则表达式分别应用于每个单个类。
这一切都是因为
class是一个很特别的多值属性,每一次你解析HTML的一个
BeautifulSoup的树建设者(取决于解析器选择)内部分裂从一个类的字符串值入类(报价列表
HTMLTreeBuilder的docstring):
# The HTML standard defines these attributes as containing a# space-separated list of values, not a single value. That is,# means that the 'class' attribute has two values,# 'foo' and 'bar', not the single value 'foo bar'. When we# encounter one of these attributes, we will parse its value into# a list of values if possible. Upon output, the list will be# converted back into a string.
有多种解决方法,但这是一种hack-ish解决方案-
我们将通过制作简单的自定义树生成器来要求
BeautifulSoup不要将其
class作为多值属性来处理:
import refrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupfrom bs4.builder._htmlparser import HTMLParserTreeBuilderclass MyBuilder(HTMLParserTreeBuilder): def __init__(self): super(MyBuilder, self).__init__() # BeautifulSoup, please don't treat "class" specially self.cdata_list_attributes["*"].remove("class")bs = """<a href="www.example.com"">Example Text</a>"""bsObj = BeautifulSoup(bs, "html.parser", builder=MyBuilder())found_elements = bsObj.find_all("a", class_=re.compile(r"^name-single named+$"))print(found_elements)
在这种情况下,正则表达式将
class整体应用于属性值。
或者,您可以仅分析
xml启用了功能的HTML (如果适用):
soup = BeautifulSoup(data, "xml")
您还可以使用CSS选择器,将所有元素与
name-singleclass和以“ name”开头的类进行匹配:
soup.select("a.name-single,a[class^=name]")
然后,您可以根据需要手动应用正则表达式:
pattern = re.compile(r"^name-single named+$")for elm in bsObj.select("a.name-single,a[class^=name]"): match = pattern.match(" ".join(elm["class"])) if match: print(elm)
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