Cookie原理总结

Cookie原理总结,第1张

Cookie原理总结

cookie的使用
  • 十二、cookie的使用
    • 12.1 什么是 cookie
    • 12.2 创建 cookie
    • 12.3 获取cookie
    • 12.4 修改 cookie
    • 12.5 cookie编码与解码
      • 12.5.1创建带中文cookie
      • 12.5.2读取带中文cookie
    • 12.6 cookie优点和缺点
      • 12.6.1 优点
      • 12.6.2 缺点

十二、cookie的使用 12.1 什么是 cookie
  • cookie是在浏览器访问Web服务器的某个资源时,由Web服务器在HTTP响应消息头中附带传送给浏览器的一小段数据。

  • 一旦Web浏览器保存了某个cookie,那么它在以后每次访问该Web服务器时,都应在HTTP请求头中将这个cookie回传给Web服务器。

  • —个cookie主要由标识该信息的名称(name)和值(value)组成。


12.2 创建 cookie
package com.hyqwsq.cookies;

import com.hyqwsq.servlet1.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/cs")
public class cookieServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1. 服务器创建cookie对象
        cookie cookie = new cookie("username","gavin");

        // 1.1 设置cookie的访问路径
        //cookie.setPath("//Servlet_code_demo1_war_exploded");    // 如果是项目名称,代表该项目下所有资源都可以使用这个cookie
        cookie.setPath("//Servlet_code_demo1_war_exploded/get");    //只有该项目里的get或者get下面的资源才可以访问

        // 1.2 设置cookie的有效期
        cookie.setMaxAge(60*60);

        // 2. 将cookie响应给客户端
        resp.addcookie(cookie); // 添加一个cookie到resp对象里,并响应给客户端
    }
}

查看创建的cookie


12.3 获取cookie

只需要保证 cookie 的 key 和 路径(Path) 一致即可修改

package com.hyqwsq.cookies;

import com.hyqwsq.servlet1.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/get")
public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1. 通过request对象获取所有的cookie
        cookie[] cookies = req.getcookies();

        
        if(cookies != null){
            // 2. 因为得到的是cookie数组,不知道有几个cookie
            //      所以通过循环遍历cookie
            for(cookie cookie : cookies){
                System.out.println(cookie.getName()+":"+cookie.getValue()+"路径:" +cookie .getPath());
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

  • 注意:如果改变cookie的name和有效路径会新建cookie,而改变cookie值、有效期会覆盖原有cookie

12.4 修改 cookie
package com.hyqwsq.cookies;

import com.hyqwsq.servlet1.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/csc")
public class Changecookie extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 修改cookie需要key和路径同时一致
        cookie cookie = new cookie("username","mark");
        cookie.setPath("/Servlet_code_demo1_war_exploded/get");

        cookie.setMaxAge(60*24*7);

        resp.addcookie(cookie);
    }
}

当访问cs后通过访问getServlet得到 username = ‘gavin’的cookie,这时候访问csc修改key为username 且Path为/Servlet_code_demo1_war_exploded/get的cookie,最后通过访问get来打印结果:


12.5 cookie编码与解码

cookie默认不支持中文,只能包含ASCII字符,所以cookie需要对Unicode字符进行编码,否则会出现乱码

  • 编码可以使用java.net.URLEncoder类的encode(String str,String encoding) 方法
  • 解码使用java.net.URLEncoder类的decode(String str,String encoding)方法
12.5.1创建带中文cookie
package com.hyqwsq.URLEncoder;

import com.hyqwsq.servlet1.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/cs3")
public class URLEncoderServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        cookie cookie = new cookie("姓名","张三");

        cookie.setPath("/Servlet_code_demo1_war_exploded/get");

        cookie.setMaxAge(600);

        resp.addcookie(cookie);

    }
}

package com.hyqwsq.cookies;

import com.hyqwsq.servlet1.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

@WebServlet("/cs3")
public class URLEncoderServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        cookie cookie = new cookie(
                URLEncoder.encode("姓名","UTF-8"),
                URLEncoder.encode("何义竏","UTF-8")
        );

        cookie.setPath("/Servlet_code_demo1_war_exploded/get");

        cookie.setMaxAge(600);

        resp.addcookie(cookie);

    }
}

12.5.2读取带中文cookie
package com.hyqwsq.cookies;

import com.hyqwsq.servlet1.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;

@WebServlet("/get")
public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1. 通过request对象获取所有的cookie
        cookie[] cookies = req.getcookies();

        
        if(cookies != null){
            // 2. 因为得到的是cookie数组,不知道有几个cookie
            //      所以通过循环遍历cookie
            for(cookie cookie : cookies){
                System.out.println(
                        URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getName(),"UTF-8")+
                        ":"+URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"UTF-8")+
                        "  路径:" +cookie.getPath()
                );
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}


12.6 cookie优点和缺点 12.6.1 优点
  • 可配置到期规则
  • 简单性:cookie是一种基于文本的轻量结构,包含简单的键值对
  • 数据持久性:cookie默认在过期之前是可以一直存在客户端浏览器上的
12.6.2 缺点
  • 大小受到限制:大多数浏览器对cookie的大小有4K、8K字节的限制。
  • 用户配置为禁用:有些用户禁用了浏览器或客户端设备接收cookie的能力,因此限制了这一功能
  • 潜在的安全风险:cookie可能会被篡改。会对安全性造成潜在风险或者导致依赖于cookie的应用程序失败

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