MYSQL如何添加索引

1.添加PRIMARY KEY（主键索引） mysqlALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD PRIMARY KEY ( `column` ) 2.添加UNIQUE(唯一索引) mysqlALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD UNIQUE ( `column` ) 3.添加INDEX(普通索引) mysqlALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD INDEX index_name ( `column` ) 4.添加FULLTEXT(全文索引) mysqlALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD FULLTEXT ( `column`) 5.添加多列索引 mysqlALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD INDEX index_name ( `column1`, `column2`, `column3` )

二级索引？？

mysql中每个表都有一个聚簇索引（clustered index ），除此之外的表上的每个非聚簇索引都是二级索引，又叫辅助索引（secondary indexes）。

以InnoDB来说，每个InnoDB表具有一个特殊的索引称为聚集索引。如果您的表上定义有主键，该主键索引是聚集索引。如果你不定义为您的表的主键时，MySQL取第一个唯一索引（unique）而且只含非空列（NOT NULL）作为主键，InnoDB使用它作为聚集索引。如果没有这样的列，InnoDB就自己产生一个这样的ID值，它有六个字节，而且是隐藏的，使其作为聚簇索引。

聚簇索引主要是为了方便存储。。所以二级索引应该都是对聚簇索引的索引。

下面是Mysql Manual上的原话，也可能我理解有误。

Every InnoDB table has a special index called the clustered index where the data for the rows is stored. If you define a PRIMARY KEY on your table, the index of the primary key is the clustered index.

If you do not define a PRIMARY KEY for your table, MySQL picks the first UNIQUE index that has only NOT NULL columns as the primary key and InnoDB uses it as the clustered index. If there is no such index in the table, InnoDB internally generates a hidden clustered index on a synthetic column containing row ID values. The rows are ordered by the ID that InnoDB assigns to the rows in such a table. The row ID is a 6-byte field that increases monotonically as new rows are inserted. Thus, the rows ordered by the row ID are physically in insertion order.

Accessing a row through the clustered index is fast because the row data is on the same page where the index search leads. If a table is large, the clustered index architecture often saves a disk I/O operation when compared to storage organizations that store row data using a different page from the index record. (For example, MyISAM uses one file for data rows and another for index records.)

In InnoDB, the records in non-clustered indexes (also called secondary indexes) contain the primary key value for the row. InnoDB uses this primary key value to search for the row in the clustered index. If the primary key is long, the secondary indexes use more space, so it is advantageous to have a short primary key.

1、首先打开Navicate，连接到数据库，打开表设计页面。

2、然后点击切换到索引，打开索引界面。

3、设置索引名，按下选择栏，打开栏位页面这里显示的是表的字段，选择要设置唯一索引的字段。

4、然后按下索引类型的下拉按钮，选择unique就是唯一索引的意思。

5、最后按下索引方式选择btree，按下快捷键Crtl＋S保存就完成唯一索引设置了。

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