锁是计算机协调多个进程或线程并发访问某一资源的机制，在数据库中，除传统的计算资源（CPU、RAM、I/O）争用外，数据也是一种供许多用户共享的资源，如何保证数据并发访问的一致性，有效性是所有数据库必须解决的一个问题，锁冲突也是影响数据库并发访问性能的一个重要因素，从这个角度来说，锁对数据库而言是尤其重要，也更加复杂。MySQL中的锁，按照锁的粒度分为:1、全局锁，就锁定数据库中的所有表。2、表级锁，每次 *** 作锁住整张表。3、行级锁，每次 *** 作锁住对应的行数据。
全局锁就是对整个数据库实例加锁，加锁后整个实例就处于只读状态，后续的DML的写语句，DDL语句，已经更新 *** 作的事务提交语句都将阻塞。其典型的使用场景就是做全库的逻辑备份，对所有的表进行锁定，从而获取一致性视图，保证数据的完整性。但是对数据库加全局锁是有弊端的，如在主库上备份，那么在备份期间都不能执行更新，业务会受影响，第二如果是在从库上备份，那么在备份期间从库不能执行主库同步过来的二进制日志，会导致主从延迟。
解决办法是在innodb引擎中，备份时加上--single-transaction参数来完成不加锁的一致性数据备份。
添加全局锁: flush tables with read lock解锁 unlock tables。
表级锁,每次 *** 作会锁住整张表.锁定粒度大,发送锁冲突的概率最高,并发读最低,应用在myisam、innodb、BOB等存储引擎中。表级锁分为: 表锁、元数据锁(meta data lock, MDL)和意向锁。
表锁又分为: 表共享读锁 read lock、表独占写锁write lock
语法: 1、加锁 lock tables 表名 ... read/write
2、释放锁 unlock tables 或者关闭客户端连接
注意: 读锁不会阻塞其它客户端的读，但是会阻塞其它客户端的写，写锁既会阻塞其它客户端的读，又会阻塞其它客户端的写。大家可以拿一张表来测试看看。
元数据锁,在加锁过程中是系统自动控制的，无需显示使用，在访问一张表的时候会自动加上，MDL锁主要作用是维护表元数据的数据一致性，在表上有活动事务的时候，不可以对元数据进行写入 *** 作。为了避免DML和DDL冲突，保证读写的正确性。
在MySQL5.5中引入了MDL，当对一张表进行增删改查的时候，加MDL读锁(共享)；当对表结构进行变更 *** 作时，加MDL写锁(排他).
查看元数据锁:
select object_type,object_schema,object_name,lock_type,lock_duration from performance_schema_metadata_locks
意向锁，为了避免DML在执行时，加的行锁与表锁的冲突，在innodb中引入了意向锁，使得表锁不用检查每行数据是否加锁，使用意向锁来减少表锁的检查。意向锁分为,意向共享锁is由语句select ... lock in share mode添加。意向排他锁ix,由insert，update，delete，select。。。for update 添加。
select object_schema,object_name,index_name,lock_type,lock_mode,lock_data from performance_schema.data_lock
行级锁，每次 *** 作锁住对应的行数据，锁定粒度最小，发生锁冲突的概率最高，并发读最高，应用在innodb存储引擎中。
innodb的数据是基于索引组织的，行锁是通过对索引上的索引项加锁来实现的，而不是对记录加的锁，对于行级锁，主要分为以下三类:
1、行锁或者叫record lock记录锁，锁定单个行记录的锁，防止其他事物对次行进行update和delete *** 作，在RC,RR隔离级别下都支持。
2、间隙锁Gap lock,锁定索引记录间隙(不含该记录)，确保索引记录间隙不变，防止其他事物在这个间隙进行insert *** 作，产生幻读，在RR隔离级别下都支持。
3、临键锁Next-key-lock,行锁和间隙锁组合，同时锁住数据，并锁住数据前面的间隙Gap,在RR隔离级别下支持。
innodb实现了以下两种类型的行锁
1、共享锁 S: 允许一个事务去读一行，阻止其他事务获得相同数据集的排他锁。
2、排他锁 X: 允许获取排他锁的事务更新数据，阻止其他事务获得相同数据集的共享锁和排他锁。
insert 语句 排他锁 自动添加的
update语句 排他锁 自动添加
delete 语句 排他锁 自动添加
select 正常查询语句 不加锁 。。。
select 。。。lock in share mode 共享锁 需要手动在select 之后加lock in share mode
select 。。。for update 排他锁 需要手动在select之后添加for update
默认情况下，innodb在repeatable read事务隔离级别运行，innodb使用next-key锁进行搜索和索引扫描，以防止幻读。
间隙锁唯一目的是防止其它事务插入间隙，间隙锁可以共存，一个事务采用的间隙锁不会阻止另一个事务在同一间隙上采用的间隙锁。
mysql耗内存吗?很多人都说MySQL占用了很大的虚拟内存，那么这个问题应该怎么解决呢?下面是我收集整理的一些方法，现在分享给大家!
解决mysql耗内存的具体方法一：
在分析的过程中发现最耗内存的是MySQL，其中近1GB的内存被它吞了，而且不在任务管理器体现出来。这个数据库软件是EMS要用到了，所以必须要运行。这个软件在安装的时候会根据机器的实际内存自动进行配置，PC机物理内存越多，它默认占有的内存就越多，难怪3GB的内存被它给吞了近1GB。
优化方法：
1. 退出EMS client&server
2. 在CMD里运行：net stop mysql
3. 找到MySQL\MySQL Server的安装目录，里面有个my.ini文件，参考附件的配置对参数query_cache_size tmp_table_size myisam_sort_buffer_size key_buffer_size innodb_buffer_pool_size进行修改，注意不要改动innodb_log_file_size，修改前备份my.ini
4. 在CMD里运行：net start mysql，如果提示成功，则说明修改的参数没有什么问题，如果失败，重新调整一下上面的参数
5. 找到EMS 安装目录runGUI.bat runServer.bat脚本，找到-Xmx700m，改为-Xmx256m，注意修改前备份这两个文件，感谢Liping Sun提供帮助
6. 重新运行EMS
前后对比，对于3GB的PC，发现可以节省近1GB的内存。对于2GB的PC，也可以节省600-800MB。优化后发现EMS启动稍微慢一些，但是其它的软件运行速度提高了很多，不在经常出现卡机现象了。如果在运行过程中发现EMS特别慢的话，自己也可以适当放大上面提到的一些参数。
my.ini
# MySQL Server Instance Configuration File
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard
#
#
# Installation Instructions
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,
# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options
# (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to
# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.
#
# On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory
# of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To
# make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option
# "--defaults-file".
#
# To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a
# command line shell, e.g.
# mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"
#
# To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a
# command line shell, e.g.
# mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"
#
# And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g.
# net start MySQLXY
#
#
# Guildlines for editing this file
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports.
# If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program
# with the "--help" option.
#
# More detailed information about the individual options can also be
# found in the manual.
#
#
# CLIENT SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.
# Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed
# to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to
# honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the
# MySQL client library initialization.
#
[client]
port=3306
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
# SERVER SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that
# you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this
# file.
#
[mysqld]
# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3306
#Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
basedir="D:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.1/"
#Path to the database root
datadir="C:/Documents and Settings/All Users/Application Data/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.1/Data/"
# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
# created and no character set is defined
character-set-server=utf8
# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# Set the SQL mode to strict
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
# connection limit has been reached.
max_connections=1510
# Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them
# without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query
# cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your
# have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the
# "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value
# is high enough for your load.
# Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are
# textually different every time, the query cache may result in a
# slowdown instead of a performance improvement.
query_cache_size=16M
# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in
# section [mysqld_safe]
table_cache=3020
# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
# of them.
tmp_table_size=4M
# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
# disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't
# more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces
# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
# connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance
# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
thread_cache_size=64
#*** MyISAM Specific options
# The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while
# recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.
# If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created
# through the key cache (which is slower).
myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G
# If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger
# than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the
# key cache method. This is mainly used to force long character keys in
# large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.
myisam_sort_buffer_size=4M
# Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
# Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory
# is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using
# MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be
# used for internal temporary disk tables.
key_buffer_size=16M
# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.
# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
read_buffer_size=64K
read_rnd_buffer_size=256K
# This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in
# REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE
# into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with
# large settings.
sort_buffer_size=256K
#*** INNODB Specific options ***
# Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled
# but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space
# and speed up some things.
#skip-innodb
# Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata
# information. If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will
# start to allocate it from the OS. As this is fast enough on most
# recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this
# value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used.
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=9M
# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
# The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as
# it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed
# once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large
# (even with long transactions).
innodb_log_buffer_size=5M
# InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and
# row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to
# access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this
# parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it
# too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may
# cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you
# might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not
# set it too high.
innodb_buffer_pool_size=32M
# Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size
# of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid
# unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,
# note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the
# recovery process.
innodb_log_file_size=88M
# Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value
# depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS
# scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
innodb_thread_concurrency=8
解决mysql耗内存的具体方法二：
更改后如下：
innodb_buffer_pool_size=576M ->256M InnoDB引擎缓冲区占了大头，首要就是拿它开刀
query_cache_size=100M ->16M 查询缓存
tmp_table_size=102M ->64M 临时表大小
key_buffer_size=256m ->32M
重启mysql服务后，虚拟内存降到200以下.
另外mysql安装目录下有几个文件：my-huge.ini 、my-large.ini、my-medium.ini...这几个是根据内存大小作的建议配置，新手在设置的时候也可以参考一下。
2G内存的MYSQL数据库服务器 my.ini优化 (my.ini)
2G内存,针对站少,优质型的设置,试验特：
table_cache=1024 物理内存越大,设置就越大.默认为2402,调到512-1024最佳
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=8M 默认为2M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 等到innodb_log_buffer_size列队满后再统一储存,默认为1
innodb_log_buffer_size=4M 默认为1M
innodb_thread_concurrency=8 你的服务器CPU有几个就设置为几,默认为8
key_buffer_size=256M 默认为218 调到128最佳
tmp_table_size=64M 默认为16M 调到64-256最挂
read_buffer_size=4M 默认为64K
read_rnd_buffer_size=16M 默认为256K
sort_buffer_size=32M 默认为256K
max_connections=1024 默认为1210
试验一：
table_cache=512或1024
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=2M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_buffer_size=1M
innodb_thread_concurrency=8 你的服务器CPU有几个就设置为几,默认为8
key_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=128M
read_buffer_size=64K或128K
read_rnd_buffer_size=256K
sort_buffer_size=512K
max_connections=1024
试验二：
table_cache=512或1024
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_buffer_size=4M
innodb_thread_concurrency=8
key_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=128M
read_buffer_size=4M
read_rnd_buffer_size=16M
sort_buffer_size=32M
max_connections=1024
一般：
table_cache=512
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_buffer_size=4M
innodb_thread_concurrency=8
key_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=128M
read_buffer_size=4M
read_rnd_buffer_size=16M
sort_buffer_size=32M
max_connections=1024
经过测试.没有特殊情况,最好还是用默认的.
2G内存,针对站多,抗压型的设置,最佳：
table_cache=1024 物理内存越大,设置就越大.默认为2402,调到512-1024最佳
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=4M 默认为2M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1
(设置为0就是等到innodb_log_buffer_size列队满后再统一储存,默认为1)
innodb_log_buffer_size=2M 默认为1M
innodb_thread_concurrency=8 你的服务器CPU有几个就设置为几,建议用默认一般为8
key_buffer_size=256M 默认为218 调到128最佳
tmp_table_size=64M 默认为16M 调到64-256最挂
read_buffer_size=4M 默认为64K
read_rnd_buffer_size=16M 默认为256K
sort_buffer_size=32M 默认为256K
max_connections=1024 默认为1210
thread_cache_size=120 默认为60
query_cache_size=64M
优化mysql数据库性能的十个参数
(1)、max_connections：
允许的同时客户的数量。增加该值增加 mysqld 要求的文件描述符的数量。这个数字应该增加，否则，你将经常看到 too many connections 错误。 默认数值是100，我把它改为1024 。
(2)、record_buffer：
每个进行一个顺序扫描的线程为其扫描的每张表分配这个大小的一个缓冲区。如果你做很多顺序扫描，你可能想要增加该值。默认数值是131072(128k)，我把它改为16773120 (16m)
(3)、key_buffer_size：
索引块是缓冲的并且被所有的线程共享。key_buffer_size是用于索引块的缓冲区大小，增加它可得到更好处理的索引(对所有读和多重写)，到你能负担得起那样多。如果你使它太大，系统将开始换页并且真的变慢了。默认数值是8388600(8m)，我的mysql主机有2gb内存，所以我把它改为 402649088(400mb)。
4)、back_log：
要求 mysql 能有的连接数量。当主要mysql线程在一个很短时间内得到非常多的连接请求，这就起作用，然后主线程花些时间(尽管很短)检查连接并且启动一个新线程。
back_log 值指出在mysql暂时停止回答新请求之前的短时间内多少个请求可以被存在堆栈中。只有如果期望在一个短时间内有很多连接，你需要增加它，换句话说，这值对到来的tcp/ip连接的侦听队列的大小。你的 *** 作系统在这个队列大小上有它自己的限制。试图设定back_log高于你的 *** 作系统的限制将是无效的。
当你观察你的主机进程列表，发现大量 264084 | unauthenticated user | xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx | null | connect | null | login | null 的待连接进程时，就要加大 back_log 的值了。默认数值是50，我把它改为500。
(5)、interactive_timeout：
服务器在关闭它前在一个交互连接上等待行动的秒数。一个交互的客户被定义为对 mysql_real_connect()使用 client_interactive 选项的客户。 默认数值是28800，我把它改为7200。
(6)、sort_buffer：
每个需要进行排序的线程分配该大小的一个缓冲区。增加这值加速order by或group by *** 作。默认数值是2097144(2m)，我把它改为 16777208 (16m)。
(7)、table_cache：
为所有线程打开表的数量。增加该值能增加mysqld要求的文件描述符的数量。mysql对每个唯一打开的表需要2个文件描述符。默认数值是64，我把它改为512。
(8)、thread_cache_size：
可以复用的保存在中的线程的数量。如果有，新的线程从缓存中取得，当断开连接的时候如果有空间，客户的线置在缓存中。如果有很多新的线程，为了提高性能可以这个变量值。通过比较 connections 和 threads_created 状态的变量，可以看到这个变量的作用。我把它设置为 80。
(9)mysql的搜索功能
用mysql进行搜索，目的是能不分大小写，又能用中文进行搜索
只需起动mysqld时指定 --default-character-set=gb2312
(10)、wait_timeout：
服务器在关闭它之前在一个连接上等待行动的秒数。 默认数值是28800，我把它改为7200。
注：参数的调整可以通过修改 /etc/my.cnf 文件并重启 mysql 实现。这是一个比较谨慎的工作，上面的结果也仅仅是我的一些看法，你可以根据你自己主机的硬件情况(特别是内存大小)进一步修改。
Oracle、DB2、SQL Server 都支持。MySQL 触发器不支持 。
-- 创建测试主表. ID 是主键.
CREATE TABLE test_main (
id INT NOT NULL,
value VARCHAR(10),
PRIMARY KEY(id)
)
-- 创建测试子表.
CREATE TABLE test_sub (
id INT NOT NULL,
main_id INT ,
value VARCHAR(10),
PRIMARY KEY(id)
)
-- 插入测试主表数据.
INSERT INTO test_main(id, value) VALUES (1, 'ONE')
INSERT INTO test_main(id, value) VALUES (2, 'TWO')
-- 插入测试子表数据.
INSERT INTO test_sub(id, main_id, value) VALUES (1, 1, 'ONEONE')
INSERT INTO test_sub(id, main_id, value) VALUES (2, 2, 'TWOTWO')
Oracle
-- 创建外键(使用 ON DELETE CASCADE 选项，删除主表的时候，同时删除子表)
ALTER TABLE test_sub
ADD CONSTRAINT main_id_cons
FOREIGN KEY (main_id) REFERENCES test_main ON DELETE CASCADE
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER BeforeDeleteTest_sub
BEFORE DELETE ON test_sub
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('BEFORE DELETE test_sub')
dbms_output.put_line('Old value= ' || :old.value )
END
/
SQL>set serveroutput on
SQL>-- 测试删除主表数据. 将成功地执行.
SQL>DELETE
2TEST_MAIN
3 WHERE
4ID = 1
BEFORE DELETE test_sub
Old value= ONEONE
已删除 1 行。
SQL>
SQL>-- 测试检索子表，应该只有一条 main_id = 2 的数据.
SQL>SELECT
2*
3 FROM
4test_sub
IDMAIN_ID VALUE
---------- ---------- --------------------
2 2 TWOTWO
DB2
-- 日志信息表.
CREATE TABLE log_table ( log_data varchar(50))
-- 触发器.
CREATE TRIGGER AfterDeleteTest_sub
AFTER DELETE ON test_sub
REFERENCING OLD AS O
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO log_table VALUES ( 'Delete value = ' || O.value )
END
@
-- 外键约束.
ALTER TABLE test_sub
ADD CONSTRAINT main_id_cons
FOREIGN KEY (main_id)
REFERENCES test_main ON DELETE CASCADE
-- 测试删除主表数据. 将成功地执行.
DELETE
TEST_MAIN
WHERE
ID = 1
-- 检查日志信息表，看看触发器是否被触发.
db2 =>SELECT * FROM log_table
LOG_DATA
--------------------------------------------------
Delete value = ONEONE
1 条记录已选择。
-- 测试检索子表，应该只有一条 main_id = 2 的数据.
db2 => SELECT * FROM test_sub
ID MAIN_ID VALUE
----------- ----------- ----------
2 2 TWOTWO
1 条记录已选择。
SQL Server
-- 触发器.
CREATE TRIGGER AfterDeleteTest_sub
ON Test_sub
FOR DELETE
AS
DECLARE
@OldValue VARCHAR(10)
BEGIN
PRINT('AFTER DELETE')
SELECT @OldValue = value FROM deleted
PRINT('Old Value = ' + @OldValue)
END
go
-- 创建外键(使用 ON DELETE CASCADE 选项，删除主表的时候，同时删除子表)
ALTER TABLE test_sub
ADD CONSTRAINT main_id_cons
FOREIGN KEY (main_id) REFERENCES test_main ON DELETE CASCADE
GO
-- 测试删除主表数据. 将成功地执行.
1>DELETE TEST_MAIN WHERE ID = 1
2>GO
AFTER DELETE
Old Value = ONEONE
(1 行受影响)
-- 测试检索子表，应该只有一条 main_id = 2 的数据.
SELECT
*
FROM
test_sub
go
(1 行受影响)
id main_id value
----------- ----------- ----------
2 2 TWOTWO
(1 行受影响)
MySQL
-- 日志信息表.
CREATE TABLE log_table ( log_data varchar(50))
-- 触发器.
DELIMITER //
CREATE TRIGGER BeforeDeleteTest_sub
BEFORE DELETE ON Test_sub
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO log_table VALUES ( CONCAT('Delete Value = ', old.Value) )
END
//
DELIMITER
-- 外键.
ALTER TABLE test_sub ADD CONSTRAINT fk_main_id_cons
FOREIGN KEY (main_id) REFERENCES test_main(id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
-- 删除.
DELETE FROM test_main WHERE id = 1
-- 检查日志信息表，看看触发器是否被触发.
mysql>SELECT * FROM log_table
Empty set (0.00 sec)
MySQL 外键级联删除， 不会触发 子表的触发器
-- 测试检索子表，应该只有一条 main_id = 2 的数据.
mysql>SELECT * FROM test_sub
+----+---------+--------+
| id | main_id | value |
+----+---------+--------+
| 2 | 2 | TWOTWO |
+----+---------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/zh/triggers.html#create-trigger
注释：目前，触发程序不会被级联的 外键动作激活。该限制将会被尽早放宽。
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