元宇宙里的新零售（DMall）技术（前端+智能合约）验证

文章目录 起因DMall是什么商业模式技术实现 背景虚拟世界里的资产运营Decentraland（一个完整的元宇宙世界该有的样子） DMall为什么是有效的数字化创新技术验证智能合约Python调用智能合约示例Decentraland的smart item示例关键代码

起因

站在今天，回头看传统企业数字化的起点，不管是大型国有企业，还是民间风云老板，都投入了极大的热情，遗憾的是，那个时候并没有人想明白这数字化到底该咋做。转眼6年，当有人模糊弄明白了这事儿的时候，企业们已都开始却步了。其实，数字化也就是件要做的事儿，做的方法也不会有啥特殊，两步即可：定清目标路径、理顺组织执行。目标包括且只能包括两个部分：建设和使用降本提效的工具、开拓和经营绑定科技的业务。组织一定是按照目标分为成本中心和业务实体两部分，其管理也一定要符合科技特征（可参见上篇文章）。这篇文章就是想举个例子说明啥是传统企业的，绑定科技的新业务。当然，对于不同的产业，新业务也不一样，这个例子仅适用于运营传统线下商业的企业。

DMall是什么 商业模式

第一步，DMall是元宇宙中的用户，购买商户投放的，土地所有者控制的建筑构件（墙、天花板、地面等）上显示的商品，的购物场景。用户、商户、土地所有者和达猫基于智能合约分配利益。
第二步，DMall是附加上元宇宙中的万达广场，即，既有分布式的购物场景，也有集中式的生活中心。增加的部分的商业模式与实体万达广场一致。
第三步，DMall会将元宇宙里的万达广场与实体万达广场融合，构建线上线下融合的生活中心。
第四步，DMall会将引领所有web2.0时代的应用进化到web3.0时代，改变数据生产和应用的模式。

技术实现

元宇宙的技术支撑包含两个方面：新前端技术（就是钱学森翻译的灵境）、去中心化的交易技术（就是基于区块链的智能合约，包括NFT、数字货币等）。DMall的核心是后者。

背景 虚拟世界里的资产运营

Decentraland（一个完整的元宇宙世界该有的样子）

Decentraland（分布式大陆）是一个基于以太坊区块链实现的，分布式虚拟现实平台。在Decentraland平台中，用户可以创建、体验、和变现他们的内容和应用。
Decentraland中的，可游逛的有限3D虚拟空间，被成为Land。Land是一种非同质数字化资产（NFT），它被一个以太坊智能合约维护。Land被分为Parcel，Parcel被用笛卡尔坐标系标识。这些Parcel被社区的成员们永久持有，可以用MANA（马那币）购买，MANA是Decentraland的加密数字货币。这给了用户全权控制他们创建的环境和应用的权力。这些环境和应用包括从任何静态3D场景到更可交互的应用或者游戏。
一些Parcel进一步被组织为主题社区或者District。靠将parcel组织成district，社区可以创造由共同兴趣和用途的共享空间。你可以在这个Github地址找到最初的District建议列表。组成Decentraland的内容被储存和部署通过一个分布式网络，同时，所有权和交易在以太坊区块链上被验证。

DMall为什么是有效的数字化创新

对于传统线下商业运营组织，DMall可以是其“绑定科技的业务”的选项之一：

生意的本质高度一致，传统线下商业运营组织擅长在不同的城市轻资产的运营生意元宇宙是下一个流量入口，抢先者可以享受新一轮流量红利基于数字人民币实现智能合约，符合整体金融和科技导向在海外元宇宙平台，出海中国制造，与整体方向保持一致科技含量高坚决去中心化（本质是坚决拥护一个中心），阿里等大型互联网企业里的个人既得利益者不会接受跟进可进一步发展为生活中心，让个人（和国家）成为数据的主人，所有的企业都能用到数据（付费给个人）强大的生态：希壤，抖音，腾讯，omega，啫喱 技术验证 智能合约

//SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED

pragma solidity >=0.7.0 <0.9.0;

// Merchant must call MANAToken to approve DMall to spend MANA for itself first. 
// Once DMall fails to transfer MANA from merchant to others, its ads will be invalid. 
interface MANAToken {
    function approve(address _sender, uint256 _value) external returns (bool);
    function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) external returns (bool);
}

contract DMall {
    enum AdState { Undefined, Created, Approved, Updated, Invalid } 

    enum ClickState { Undefined, Clicked, Bought } 

    struct Ad {
        uint m2L;
        uint m2O;
        uint m2C;
        AdState state;
        mapping(address => mapping(address => ClickState)) clicks;
    }

    MANAToken manaToken;
    mapping(address => mapping(uint => Ad)) public ads;
    address public op;

    constructor(address _manaToken) {
        op = msg.sender;
        manaToken = MANAToken(_manaToken);
    }
    
    event AdCrted(address merchant, uint adId, uint m2L, uint m2O, uint m2C);
    event AdUpted(address merchant, uint adId, uint oM2L, uint oM2O, uint oM2C, uint m2L, uint m2O, uint m2C);
    event AdAppred(address merchant, uint adId);
    event AdClicked(address merchant, uint adId, address landowner, address consumer);
    event AdInvalid(address merchant, uint adId);
    event AdBought(address merchant, uint adId, address landowner, address consumer);

    function uptAd(uint _adId, uint _m2L, uint _m2O, uint _m2C) public {
        Ad storage ad = ads[msg.sender][_adId];
        if (ad.state == AdState.Undefined) {
            ad.state = AdState.Created;
            ad.m2L = _m2L;
            ad.m2O = _m2O;
            ad.m2C = _m2C;
            emit AdCrted(msg.sender, _adId, _m2L, _m2O, _m2C);
        }
        else {
            ad.state = AdState.Updated;
            uint oM2L = ad.m2L;
            uint oM2O = ad.m2O;
            uint oM2C = ad.m2C;
            ad.m2L = _m2L;
            ad.m2O = _m2O;
            ad.m2C = _m2C;
            emit AdUpted(msg.sender, _adId, oM2L, oM2O, oM2C, _m2L, _m2O, _m2C);
        }
    }

    function apprAd(address _merchant, uint _adId) public {
        require(msg.sender == op, "Only DMall operator can approve the deployment of Ad");
        require(ads[_merchant][_adId].state != AdState.Undefined && ads[_merchant][_adId].state != AdState.Approved , "The ad of merchant with the ID does not exist or has been approved");
        ads[_merchant][_adId].state = AdState.Approved;
        emit AdAppred(_merchant, _adId);
    }

    function clickAd(address _merchant, uint _adId, address _landowner) public {
        require(ads[_merchant][_adId].state == AdState.Approved, "The ad of merchant with the ID has not been approved");
        require(ads[_merchant][_adId].clicks[_landowner][msg.sender] != ClickState.Clicked, "The clicking had been paid but does not lead to buying yet");
        if (manaToken.transferFrom(_merchant, _landowner, ads[_merchant][_adId].m2L) && manaToken.transferFrom(_merchant, op, ads[_merchant][_adId].m2O) ) {
            ads[_merchant][_adId].clicks[_landowner][msg.sender] = ClickState.Clicked;
            emit AdClicked(_merchant, _adId, _landowner, msg.sender);
        }
        else {
            ads[_merchant][_adId].state = AdState.Invalid;
            emit AdInvalid(_merchant, _adId);
        }
    }

    function buyAd(address _merchant, uint _adId, address _landowner) public {
        require(ads[_merchant][_adId].clicks[_landowner][msg.sender] == ClickState.Clicked, "The consumer does not click the ad or has bought");
        if (manaToken.transferFrom(_merchant, msg.sender, ads[_merchant][_adId].m2C)) {
            ads[_merchant][_adId].clicks[_landowner][msg.sender] = ClickState.Bought;
            emit AdBought(_merchant, _adId, _landowner, msg.sender);
        }
        else {
            ads[_merchant][_adId].state = AdState.Invalid;
            emit AdInvalid(_merchant, _adId);
        }        
    }
}

Python调用智能合约示例

import time

from eth_abi.codec import ABICodec
from web3 import Web3, HTTPProvider, WebsocketProvider
from web3._utils.events import get_event_data
from web3.types import ABIEvent

import contract_abi
from web3.logs import STRICT, IGNORE, DISCARD, WARN

dmall_address = Web3.toChecksumAddress('0xD1F7012D2b5E2B8aDB02C62F6899ce01EFFD043f')
manatoken_address = Web3.toChecksumAddress('0x2a8fd99c19271f4f04b1b7b9c4f7cf264b626edb')

merchant_private_key = ''
merchant_address = '0x9a1d7Ad2C21Bb462DE2D5cdeD44ed72343AFc257'

landowner_private_key = ''
landowner_address = '0xd6Cd1Cc3E779b958eA24943EfAa2e8a8a3752863'

consumer_private_key = ''
consumer_address = '0xc5E1d07D6653e7DC935ff3efC388a074Ee266FCB'

# w3 = Web3(HTTPProvider('https://ropsten.infura.io/v3/dd4cc999659f448d905400a4e8fb4e9d'))
w3 = Web3(WebsocketProvider('wss://ropsten.infura.io/ws/v3/dd4cc999659f448d905400a4e8fb4e9d'))

# w3.eth.enable_unaudited_features()

dmall_contract = w3.eth.contract(address=dmall_address, abi=contract_abi.dmall_abi)
manatoken_contract = w3.eth.contract(address=manatoken_address, abi=contract_abi.manatoken_abi)


def m_appr_dmall(dmall, amount):
    nonce = w3.eth.getTransactionCount(merchant_address)

    txn_dict = manatoken_contract.functions.approve(dmall, amount).buildTransaction({
        'chainId': 3,
        'gas': 140000,
        'gasPrice': w3.toWei('40', 'gwei'),
        'nonce': nonce,
    })

    signed_txn = w3.eth.account.signTransaction(txn_dict, private_key=merchant_private_key)

    result = w3.eth.sendRawTransaction(signed_txn.rawTransaction)

    tx_receipt = None

    count = 0
    while tx_receipt is None and (count < 30):
        time.sleep(10)
        try:
            tx_receipt = w3.eth.get_transaction_receipt(result)

            print(tx_receipt)
        except Exception as e:
            print('error: ', e)

    if tx_receipt is None:
        return {'status': 'failed', 'error': 'timeout'}

    processed_receipt = manatoken_contract.events.Approval().processReceipt(tx_receipt, errors=IGNORE)

    print(processed_receipt)

    # output = "Address {} approved address {} with the value {}" \
    #     .format(processed_receipt[0].args.owner, processed_receipt[0].args.spender, processed_receipt[0].args.value)
    # print(output)

    return {'status': 'added', 'processed_receipt': processed_receipt}


def m_pub_ad(ad_id, m_2_l, m_2_o, m_2_c):
    nonce = w3.eth.getTransactionCount(merchant_address)

    txn_dict = dmall_contract.functions.uptAd(ad_id, m_2_l, m_2_o, m_2_c).buildTransaction({
        'chainId': 3,
        'gas': 140000,
        'gasPrice': w3.toWei('40', 'gwei'),
        'nonce': nonce,
    })

    signed_txn = w3.eth.account.signTransaction(txn_dict, private_key=merchant_private_key)

    result = w3.eth.sendRawTransaction(signed_txn.rawTransaction)

    tx_receipt = None

    count = 0
    while tx_receipt is None and (count < 30):
        time.sleep(10)
        try:
            tx_receipt = w3.eth.get_transaction_receipt(result)

            print(tx_receipt)
        except Exception as e:
            print('error: ', e)

    if tx_receipt is None:
        return {'status': 'failed', 'error': 'timeout'}

    processed_receipt = dmall_contract.events.AdCrted().processReceipt(tx_receipt)

    print(processed_receipt)

    # output = "Address {} approved address {} with the value {}" \
    #    .format(processed_receipt[0].args.owner, processed_receipt[0].args.spender, processed_receipt[0].args.value)
    # print(output)

    return {'status': 'added', 'processed_receipt': processed_receipt}


def m_pub_ad_without_reciept(ad_id, m_2_l, m_2_o, m_2_c):
    nonce = w3.eth.getTransactionCount(merchant_address)

    txn_dict = dmall_contract.functions.uptAd(ad_id, m_2_l, m_2_o, m_2_c).buildTransaction({
        'chainId': 3,
        'gas': 140000,
        'gasPrice': w3.toWei('40', 'gwei'),
        'nonce': nonce,
    })

    signed_txn = w3.eth.account.signTransaction(txn_dict, private_key=merchant_private_key)

    result = w3.eth.sendRawTransaction(signed_txn.rawTransaction)

    print(result)


def handle_event(event):
    print(event)
    print(Web3.toJSON(event))
    receipt = w3.eth.waitForTransactionReceipt(event['transactionHash'])
    print(receipt)
    # evt = get_event_data(codec, ABIEvent(contract_abi.dmall_abi), event)
    # print(evt)
    # and whatever


def log_loop(event_filter, poll_interval):
    while True:
        for event in event_filter.get_new_entries():
            handle_event(event)
        time.sleep(poll_interval)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # event AdCrted(address merchant, uint adId, uint m2L, uint m2O, uint m2C);
    # event AdUpted(address merchant, uint adId, uint oM2L, uint oM2O, uint oM2C, uint m2L, uint m2O, uint m2C);
    # event AdAppred(address merchant, uint adId);
    # event AdClicked(address merchant, uint adId, address landowner, address consumer);
    # event AdInvalid(address merchant, uint adId);
    # event AdBought(address merchant, uint adId, address landowner, address consumer);

    #e_filter = dmall_contract.events.AdCrted.createFilter(fromBlock="latest", address='0x551ca7Ca4e41bC5F9dE5A527544Cb7a9fA533DF1')

    # e_filter = w3.eth.filter({'address': '0x551ca7Ca4e41bC5F9dE5A527544Cb7a9fA533DF1'})

    #m_pub_ad_without_reciept(4, 13, 14, 15)
    #log_loop(e_filter, 5)
    m_appr_dmall(dmall_address, 100)

Decentraland的smart item示例关键代码

    ent.addComponent(
      new OnPointerDown(
        async function () {
            // Setup steps explained in the section above
            const provider = await getProvider()
            const requestManager = new RequestManager(provider)
            const factory = new ContractFactory(requestManager, abi)
            const contract = (await factory.at(
              "0xD1F7012D2b5E2B8aDB02C62F6899ce01EFFD043f"
            )) as any
            const address = await getUserAccount()
            log(address)
        
            // Perform a function from the contract
            const res = await contract.clickAd(
              "0x9a1d7Ad2C21Bb462DE2D5cdeD44ed72343AFc257",
              0,
              "0xd6Cd1Cc3E779b958eA24943EfAa2e8a8a3752863",
			  {
				from: address,
			  }
            )
            // Log response
            log(res)
            openExternalURL("https://item.jd.com/10045659650093.html")
        },
        {
          button: ActionButton.PRIMARY,
          hoverText: locationString,
        }
      )
    )