Through the Marketing course we have learned the definition, concept and importance of marketing. Here I try to make a report on what we have learned, and why we should study marketing.
1. What is marketing?
There are many different definitions of marketing. We could cite the followings:
“The all-embracing function that links the business with customer needs and wants in order to get the right product to the right place at the right time”
“The achievement of corporate goals through meeting and exceeding customer needs better than the competition”
“The management process that identifies, anticipates and supplies customer requirements efficiently and profitably”
“Marketing may be defined as a set of human activities directed at facilitating and consummating exchanges”
These definition are all correct. They all try to embody the essence of marketing:
* Marketing is about meeting the needs and wants of customers
* Marketing is a business-wide function – it is not something that operates alone from other business activities
* Marketing is about understanding customers and finding ways to provide products or services which customers demand
2. Marketing concept and orientation
It is a fundamental idea of marketing that organisations survive and prosper through meeting the needs and wants of customers. This important perspective is commonly known as the marketing concept.
The marketing concept is about matching a company's capabilities with customer wants. This matching process takes place in what is called the marketing environment.
Businesses do not undertake marketing activities alone. They face threats from competitors, and changes in the political, economic, social and technological environment. All these factors have to be taken into account as a business tries to match its capabilities with the needs and wants of its target customers.
An organisation that adopts the marketing concept accepts the needs of potential customers as the basis for its operations. Success is dependent on satisfying customer needs.
3. Why Study Marketing?
After considering the definition of marketing, one can understand some of the obvious reasons why the study of marketing is relevant. In this section we discuss several perhaps less obvious reasons why one should study marketing.
The marketing field offers a variety of interesting and challenging career opportunities, such as personal selling, advertising, packaging, transport, storage, marketing research, product development, wholesaling, and retailing. In addition, many individuals who work for non-business organisations engage in marketing activities. Marketing skills are used to promote political, cultural, church, civic, and charitable activities. Whether a person earns a living through marketing activities or performs them without compensation in non-business settings, marketing knowledge and skills are valuable assets.
A business organisation must sell products to survive and to grow. Directly or indirectly, marketing activities help sell an organisations products. By doing so, they generate financial resources that can be used to develop innovative products. New products allow a firm to better satisfy customers' changing needs, which in turn enables the firm to generate more profits.
Our highly complex economy depends heavily on marketing activities. They help produce the profits that are essential not only to the survival of individual businesses, but also to the health and ultimate survival of the economy as a whole. Profits are essential to economic growth because without them businesses find it difficult, if not impossible, to buy more raw materials, hire more employees, attract more capital, and create the additional products that in turn make more profits.
corporate culture
英 [ˈkɔːp(ə)rət ˈkʌltʃə]
美 [ˈkɔrp(ə)rət ˈkəltʃər]
企业文化；公司文化；公司企业文化
网络释义
企业文化 公司文化 组织文化 机构文化 企业文明
双语例句
The corporate culture, values and norms of behavior. shared by the company staff
企业文化，全体职工共同具有的价值观念和行为准则
Composing the companys anthem could promote organizational morale agglomerating and corporate culture propelling.
企业文化的建设应突出特色，公司司歌的创作有助于凝聚组织士气，推进企业文化。
Everyone could join in building and improving the corporate culture—PDE is a family!
每个人都可以参与建设新的公司文化——加入一个新的家庭！
Therefore, the corporate culture can be all-round play the role of an incentive.
因此，企业文化可以全方位起到一种激励的作用。
In a knowledge-based economy era, the role of corporate culture is very important.
在知识经济的时代，企业文化的作用非常重大。
Objective management location makes corporate culture attain to the best resonant effect.
目标管理定位使国有商业银行的企业文化达到最佳的共鸣效果.
Corporate culture is an important factor that decides the idiosyncracy of corporations.
企业文化正是决定企业特质的重要因素.
Do your best in fostering a corporate culture of honesty and integrity
为营造诚信、正直的公司文化尽你的全力
This article has conducted systematical research to Chinese chuangye corporate culture construction.
本文对中国创业企业文化建设进行了系统研究.
Therefore, we could use power of corporate culture for marketing bring vitality.
故而, 利用企业文化力进行营销必能给企业带来勃勃生机.
Cross-Cultural CommunicationThe key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. First, it is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems. Second, it is important to assume that one’s efforts will not always be successful, and adjust one’s behavior appropriately.
For example, one should always assume that there is a significant possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems, and be willing to be patient and forgiving, rather than hostile and aggressive, if problems develop. One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges, not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said.
William Ury’s suggestion for heated conflicts is to stop, listen, and think, or as he puts it "go to the balcony" when the situation gets tense. By this he means withdraw from the situation, step back, and reflect on what is going on before you act. This helps in cross cultural communication as well. When things seem to be going badly, stop or slow down and think. What could be going on here? Is it possible I misinterpreted what they said, or they misinterpreted me? Often misinterpretation is the source of the problem.
Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out–by repeating what one thinks he or she heard, one can confirm that one understands the communication accurately. If words are used differently between languages or cultural groups, however, even active listening can overlook misunderstandings.
Often intermediaries who are familiar with both cultures can be helpful in cross-cultural communication situations. They can translate both the substance and the manner of what is said. For instance, they can tone down strong statements that would be considered appropriate in one culture but not in another, before they are given to people from a culture that does not talk together in such a strong way. They can also adjust the timing of what is said and done. Some cultures move quickly to the pointothers talk about other things long enough to establish rapport or a relationship with the other person. If discussion on the primary topic begins too soon, the group that needs a "warm up" first will feel uncomfortable. A mediator or intermediary who understands this can explain the problem, and make appropriate procedural adjustments.
Yet sometimes intermediaries can make communication even more difficult. If a mediator is the same culture or nationality as one of the disputants, but not the other, this gives the appearance of bias, even when none exists. Even when bias is not intended, it is common for mediators to be more supportive or more understanding of the person who is of his or her own culture, simply because they understand them better. Yet when the mediator is of a third cultural group, the potential for cross-cultural misunderstandings increases further. In this case engaging in extra discussions about the process and the manner of carrying out the discussions is appropriate, as is extra time for confirming and re-confirming understandings at every step in the dialogue or negotiating process.
对有效的跨文化沟通的关键是知识。首先，至关重要的是，人们了解跨文化沟通的潜在问题，并有意识地努力克服这些问题。其次，重要的是假设一个人的努力并不总是成功，并调整自己的行为正确。
例如，一要始终假定有一个重要的文化差异可能造成沟通问题，并愿意耐心等待和原谅，而不是敌对和侵略性，如果问题继续发展。每个人都应该响应速度很慢，小心在跨文化的交流，而不是跳跃的结论是，你知道什么是正想了想，说。
威廉尤里对激烈冲突的建议是停止，听，想，或如他所说 “走出去阳台”当形势变得紧张。他通过这种方式退出的情况，退后一步，反映是怎么回事之前就采取行动。这有助于以及在跨文化沟通。当事情似乎越来越糟糕，停止或减缓和思考。还有什么比这回事？难道他们说我误解了，或者他们误解我？误解往往是问题的根源。
积极倾听有时可以用来检查了这一点，重复什么人会认为他或她听到，人们可以证实，一个准确的沟通理解。如果语言使用不同的语言或文化群体之间，然而，即使积极倾听可以忽略误解。
通常中介谁是既熟悉文化可以在跨文化沟通的情况很有帮助。他们可以翻译的实质和说了什么方式。例如，他们可以淡化，将be认为适当的一种文化，但没有一个强劲的陈述，然后才考虑从一个文化的does not谈话中这样一来人们强烈地together。他们还可以调整的时机是说，做什么。有些文化迅速采取行动，这一点，其他人谈论其他事情足够长的时间建立关系或与其他人的关系。如果在主要议题的讨论也开始不久，该集团需要一个“热身”第一会觉得不舒服。调解员或中介谁明白这可以解释这个问题，并作出适当的程序调整。
然而，有时可以使中介机构的沟通变得更加困难。如果调解员是同一文化或国籍的争论者之一，而不是其他，这给了偏见的外观，即使不存在。即使是无意的偏见，这是常见的调解员要更加支持或更多的人谁是他或她自己的文化的认识，只是因为他们知道他们更好。然而，当调解员的第三个文化团体，跨文化误解的可能性进一步增加。在这个过程中对案件进行额外的讨论和开展讨论的方式是适当的，因为是确认和重新确定了每个步骤的对话或谈判过程的理解更多的时间。
更好的翻译建议
感谢您为 Google 翻译提供翻译建议。
提供更好的翻译建议：
跨文化交流的重要性 <br><br>跨文化交际 <br>策略 <br>对有效的跨文化沟通的关键是知识。首先，至关重要的是，人们了解跨文化沟通的潜在问题，并有意识地努力克服这些问题。其次，重要的是假设一个人的努力并不总是成功，并调整自己的行为正确。 <br><br>例如，一要始终假定有一个重要的文化差异可能造成沟通问题，并愿意耐心等待和原谅，而不是敌对和侵略性，如果问题继续发展。每个人都应该响应速度很慢，小心在跨文化的交流，而不是跳跃的结论是，你知道什么是正想了想，说。 <br><br>威廉尤里对激烈冲突的建议是停止，听，想，或如他所说“走出去阳台”当形势变得紧张。他通过这种方式退出的情况，退后一步，反映是怎么回事之前就采取行动。这有助于以及在跨文化沟通。当事情似乎越来越糟糕，停止或减缓和思考。还有什么比这回事？难道他们说我误解了，或者他们误解我？误解往往是问题的根源。 <br><br>积极倾听有时可以用来检查了这一点，重复什么人会认为他或她听到，人们可以证实，一个准确的沟通理解。如果语言使用不同的语言或文化群体之间，然而，即使积极倾听可以忽略误解。 <br><br>通常中介谁是既熟悉文化可以在跨文化沟通的情况很有帮助。他们可以翻译的实质和说了什么方式。例如，他们可以淡化，将be认为适当的一种文化，但没有一个强劲的陈述，然后才考虑从一个文化的does not谈话中这样一来人们强烈地together。他们还可以调整的时机是说，做什么。有些文化迅速采取行动，这一点，其他人谈论其他事情足够长的时间建立关系或与其他人的关系。如果在主要议题的讨论也开始不久，该集团需要一个“热身”第一会觉得不舒服。调解员或中介谁明白这可以解释这个问题，并作出适当的程序调整。 <br><br>然而，有时可以使中介机构的沟通变得更加困难。如果调解员是同一文化或国籍的争论者之一，而不是其他，这给了偏见的外观，即使不存在。即使是无意的偏见，这是常见的调解员要更加支持或更多的人谁是他或她自己的文化的认识，只是因为他们知道他们更好。然而，当调解员的第三个文化团体，跨文化误解的可能性进一步增加。在这个过程中对案件进行额外的讨论和开展讨论的方式是适当的，因为是确认和重新确定了每个步骤的对话或谈判过程的理解更多的时间。
这一篇也可以的
Importance of cross-cultural communication
Communication is an important mean of expressing yourself because it exists different ways of expression and so different kind of communication depending on the culture you belong to .
The way of communicating will not be the same as other countries and it is important to know some values of other cultures and so of other ways of communicating for, first of all, avoiding some misunderstandings and then knowing better some aspects of different cultures .
That is why cross-cultural communication is an essential exercise to doa person who come from a certain country does not necessarily get the same ideas about time, death, identity, as an other one from a different country because each person has its own identity .
First, a national identity, defned by a surname, a first name, citizenship, and a "personal" identity perceived as what are your activities, your opinions about issues or your experience in life .
Sometimes, your own identity can be modified or influenced by different factors, for example religion, your environment, your family.
The latter example seems to be a paradox because you can get your own opinions about something but you can be "influenced" by your familial surrounding or the society where you live(especially some notions that parents and even society teach you when you are a child, as patriotism or nationalism) .
This influence can replace your previous vision of life and changing your way of expressing yourself and so your way of communicating but you can also adapt this influence to your own way of thinking and it can be resulted in a different way of communicating .
In spite of a certain influence coming from a close surrounding, everyone can develop its own identity through its opinions and experience and this is interesting to notice that even within a close group of people, each person get different identities which are expressed through diverse means of communication .
重要性跨文化交际
沟通是一个重要的表达自己的意思，因为它存在不同的方式表达等不同形式的沟通取决于你属于文化。
该通信不会被其他国家一样，它是重要知道其他一些价值观念和文化的交流，以便为其他方式，首先，避免一些误会，然后更好地了解不同文化的某些方面的方式。
这就是为什么跨文化沟通是一个重要的工作要做，一个人谁从某国来并不一定得到相同的想法的时候，死亡，身份，从另外一个不同的国家，因为每个人都有自己的身份。
首先，国家认同，defned一个姓氏，一个名字，国籍，和“个人”身份，你有什么活动，对您的问题或意见，认为你的生活经验。
有时候，你可以修改自己的身份或由不同因素的影响，例如宗教，你的环境，你的家人。
后者的例子似乎是一个悖论，因为你可以得到什么事你自己的意见，但你可以成为“会影响你的家庭或周围的社会，你的生活（”特别是一些概念，家长，甚至社会教你当你是一个孩子作为爱国主义或民族主义）。
这种影响可以代替你的生活改变你以前的理想和表达自己，所以你的沟通方式，但你也可以适应这种影响到你的思维方式和它自己的方式可以在不同的沟通方式造成的。
在某从一来影响周围的密切尽管如此，每个人都可以发展自己的意见和经验，通过自己的身份，这很有趣地看到，即使在一组的人接近，每个人可以分得的是通过多手段表达不同沟通。
欢迎分享，转载请注明来源：内存溢出
微信扫一扫
支付宝扫一扫
评论列表（0条）