我有以下想法：每个客户端通过公钥auth连接到[email protected].用户备份有一个特殊的authorized_keys文件,如下所示：
command="internal-sftp" chroot="/backup/clIEnt-1/data" ssh-rsa (key1)command="internal-sftp" chroot="/backup/clIEnt-2/data" ssh-rsa (key2)command="internal-sftp" chroot="/backup/clIEnt-3/data" ssh-rsa (key3)etc...
这样做的好处是我不需要为每个客户端使用单独的用户,并且我可以使用脚本轻松地自动生成authorized_keys文件.
只有一个问题：chroot = …不起作用. OpenSSH的authorized_keys文件似乎没有ChrootDirectory的等效文件(在/ etc / ssh / sshd_config中可以在全局或匹配用户块中使用).
有没有一种相当简单的方法来实现我想要的OpenSSH？也许以聪明的方式使用command = …指令？
或者,是否有其他SFTP服务器可以做我想要的？
编辑：为了更清楚地说明我想要实现的目标：我希望几个客户端能够在我的服务器上存储文件.每个客户端都不应该能够看到任何其他客户端的文件.而且我不想用几十个用户帐户丢弃我的服务器,所以我想要一个易于管理的解决方案,让客户共享一个用户帐户,但仍然无法访问彼此的文件.
解决方法Alternatively,are there other SFTP servers that can do what I want?
是的,你可以使用proftpd
准备用户环境.使用ProFTPD,无需向用户提供有效的shell.
# useradd -m -d /vhosts/backup/user1/ -s /sbin/nologin user1# passwd --lock user1Locking password for user user1.passwd: Success# mkdir /vhosts/backup/user1/.sftp/# touch /vhosts/backup/user1/.sftp/authorized_keys# chown -R user1:user1 /vhosts/backup/user1/# chmod -R 700 /vhosts/backup/user1/
要在SFTPAuthorizedUserKeys中使用OpenSSH公钥,必须将它们转换为RFC4716格式.您可以使用ssh-keygen工具执行此 *** 作：
# ssh-keygen -e -f user1.public.key > /vhosts/backup/user1/.sftp/authorized_keys
设置ProFTPD
Servername "ProFTPD Default Installation"ServerType standaloneDefaultServer offLoadModule mod_tls.cLoadModule mod_sftp.cLoadModule mod_rewrite.cTLSProtocol TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2# disable default ftp serverPort 0UseReversednS offIDentLookups off# Umask 022 is a good standard umask to prevent new dirs and files# from being group and world writable.Umask 022# PersistentPasswd causes problems with NIS/LDAP.PersistentPasswd offMaxInstances 30# Set the user and group under which the server will run.User nobodyGroup nobody# normally,we want files to be overwriteable.AllowOverwrite onTimesGMT offSetEnv TZ :/etc/localtime<VirtualHost sftp.example.net> Servername "SFTP: Backup server." DefaultRoot ~ Umask 002 Port 2121 RootRevoke on SFTPEngine on SFTPLog /var/log/proftpd/sftp.log SFTPHostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key SFTPHostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key SFTPDHParamfile /etc/pki/proftpd/dhparam_2048.pem SFTPAuthorizedUserKeys file:~/.sftp/authorized_keys SFTPCompression delayed SFTPAuthMethods publickey</VirtualHost><Global> RequireValIDShell off AllowOverwrite yes DenyFilter \*.*/ <limit SITE_CHMOD> DenyAll </limit></Global>LogFormat default "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b"LogFormat auth "%v [%P] %h %t \"%r\" %s"ExtendedLog /var/log/proftpd/access.log read,write
创建DH(DiffIE-Hellman)组参数.
# openssl dhparam -out /etc/pki/proftpd/dhparam_2048.pem 2048
配置任何SFTP客户端.我用过fileZilla
如果在调试模式下运行ProFPTD
# proftpd -n -d 3
在控制台中,您将看到类似以下内容的内容
2016-02-21 22:12:48,275 sftp.example.net proftpd[50511]: using PCRE 7.8 2008-09-052016-02-21 22:12:48,279 sftp.example.net proftpd[50511]: mod_sftp/0.9.9: using OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 20132016-02-21 22:12:48,462 sftp.example.net proftpd[50511] sftp.example.net: set core resource limits for daemon2016-02-21 22:12:48,462 sftp.example.net proftpd[50511] sftp.example.net: ProFTPD 1.3.5a (maint) (built Sun Feb 21 2016 21:22:00 UTC) standalone mode STARTUP2016-02-21 22:12:59,780 sftp.example.net proftpd[50512] sftp.example.net (192.168.1.2[192.168.1.2]): mod_cap/1.1: adding CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID capabilitIEs2016-02-21 22:12:59,780 sftp.example.net proftpd[50512] sftp.example.net (192.168.1.2[192.168.1.2]): SSH2 session opened.2016-02-21 22:12:59,863 sftp.example.net proftpd[50512] sftp.example.net (192.168.1.2[192.168.1.2]): Preparing to chroot to directory '/vhosts/backup/user1'2016-02-21 22:12:59,863 sftp.example.net proftpd[50512] sftp.example.net (192.168.1.2[192.168.1.2]): Environment successfully chroot()ed2016-02-21 22:12:59,863 sftp.example.net proftpd[50512] sftp.example.net (192.168.1.2[192.168.1.2]): USER user1: Login successful
以及/var/log/sftp.log中的以下行
2016-02-21 22:12:48,735 mod_sftp/0.9.9[50309]: sending acceptable userauth methods: publickey2016-02-21 22:12:48,735 mod_sftp/0.9.9[50309]: public key MD5 fingerprint: c2:2f:a3:93:59:5d:e4:38:99:4b:fd:b1:6e:fc:54:6c2016-02-21 22:12:48,735 mod_sftp/0.9.9[50309]: sending publickey OK2016-02-21 22:12:59,789 mod_sftp/0.9.9[50309]: public key MD5 fingerprint: c2:2f:a3:93:59:5d:e4:38:99:4b:fd:b1:6e:fc:54:6c2016-02-21 22:12:59,790 mod_sftp/0.9.9[50309]: sending userauth success2016-02-21 22:12:59,790 mod_sftp/0.9.9[50309]: user 'user1' authenticated via 'publickey' method
附：
包含授权密钥(SFTPAuthorizedUserKeys)的文件的已配置路径可以使用％u变量,该变量将使用要进行身份验证的用户的名称进行插值.此功能支持使用位于中央位置的授权密钥的每用户文件,而不是要求(或允许)用户管理自己的授权密钥.例如：
SFTPAuthorizedUserKeys file:/etc/sftp/authorized_keys/%u
I want several clIEnts to be able to store files on my server. Each clIEnt should not be able to see any other clIEnt’s files. And I do not want to litter my server with doZens of user accounts,so I’d like an easily manageable solution for the clIEnts to share a user account and still have no access to eachother’s files.
使用ProFTPD也是可能的.你只需要稍微修改我的初始配置
<VirtualHost sftp.example.net> ... SFTPAuthorizedUserKeys file:/etc/proftpd/sftp_authorized_keys AuthUserfile /etc/proftpd/sftp_users.passwd CreateHome on 0700 dirmode 0700 uID 99 gID 99 RewriteHome on RewriteEngine on RewriteLog /var/log/proftpd/rewrite.log RewriteCondition %m REWRITE_HOME RewriteRule (.*) /vhosts/backup/%u</VirtualHost>
并创建一个虚拟帐户
# ftpasswd --passwd --file /etc/proftpd/sftp_users.passwd --sha512 --gID 99 --uID 99 --shell /sbin/nologin --name user1 --home /vhosts/backup
就这样.对于每个额外的帐户,您只需将其公钥添加到/ etc / proftpd / sftp_authorized_keys
注意：文件最后必须包含新行！这一点很重要.
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