linux跟换source.list文件

Ubuntu18.04或16.04下更改apt源为阿里云源

1.命令如下：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

sudo chmod 777 sources.list

2.清空sources.list

echo "">/etc/apt/sources.list

3.将下列源路径粘贴到sources.list

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

4.更新

sudo apt-get update

apt-cache search package 搜索软件包。

apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等。

sudo apt-get install package 安装包。

sudo apt-get install package --reinstall 重新安装包。

sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装。

sudo apt-get remove package 删除包。

sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包，包括配置文件等。

sudo apt-get update 更新源。

sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包。

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统。

apt-cache depends package 了解使用该包依赖那些包。

apt-cache rdepends package 查看该包被哪些包依赖。

sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境。

apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码。

sudo apt-get clean &&sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包。

sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖。

linux系统基本上分两大类：

RedHat系列：Redhat、Centos、Fedora等。

Debian系列：Debian、Ubuntu等 。

RedHat 系列 ：

常见的安装包格式 rpm包,安装rpm包的命令是“rpm -参数”。

包管理工具 yum。

支持tar包 。

Debian系列 ：

常见的安装包格式 deb包,安装deb包的命令是“dpkg -参数”。

包管理工具 apt-get。

支持tar包 。

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