RabbitMQ

RabbitMQ,第1张

RabbitMQ 学习目标
  • 了解RabbitMQ的作用及架构
  • 掌握RabbitMQ安装及基本使用
  • 掌握Springboot整合RabbitMQ
一.RabbitMQ安装 1.1 为什么使用RabbitMQ

1.降低耦合度

2.RabbitMQ速度快,微秒级别

3.学习成本低

4.支持多种语言

1.2 什么是RabbitMQ
  1. RabbitMQ是一个由erlang开发的AMQP(Advanced Message Queue 高级消息队列协议)的开源实现
  2. 能够实现异步消息处理
1.3 安装RabbitMQ
#在线安装
docker pull rabbitmq:management
#使用官方定义的端口号启动
docker run -d --hostname my-rabbit --name rabbit -p 15672:15672 -p 5672:5672 rabbitmq:management
二.RabbitMQ架构 2.1官方简单架构图

1.Publish-生产者(发布消息到RabbitMQ中的Exchange)

2.Exchange-交换机(与生产者建立连接并接收生产者的消息)

3.Routes-路由(交换机以什么样的策略消息发布到Queue)

4.Queue-队列(Exchange会将消息分发到指定的Queue,Queue和消费者进行交互)

5.Consumer-消费者(监听RabbitMQ中的Queue中的消息)

2.2Rabbit完整架构图

2.3查看图形化界面并创建一个Virtual Host

Virtual Host:相当于RabbitMQ上的虚拟机,建立connection连接的时Virtual Host!

创建一个全新的用户和全新的Virtual Host,并且将test用户设置上可以 *** 作/test-1的权限!

三.RabbitMQ使用 3.1RabbitMQ通讯方式

3.2 Java连接RabbitMQ
 public static Connection getConnection(){
        //创建Connection工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setVirtualHost("/test-1");
        factory.setPassword("test");
        factory.setUsername("test");
        factory.setHost("192.168.61.134");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        Connection connection = null;
        //拿到连接
        try {
            connection  = factory.newConnection();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return connection;
    }

3.3Hello-world

一个生产者,一个默认的交换机,一个队列,一个消费者

1、创建生产者,创建一个channel,发送消息到exchange,指定路由规则

//生产者
public static void publish() throws Exception {
    //1、获取connection
    Connection connection = RabbitConfig.getConnection();
    //2、创建channel
    Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
    //3、发送消息到exchange
      String msg = "hello world!!!";
    
    channel.basicPublish("", "helloworld", null,msg.getBytes());
    //PS:exchange是不会将消息持久化的,Queue可以持久化,得配置

    System.out.println("生产者发布消息成功!");
    //4、关闭管道和连接
    channel.close();
    connection.close();

}

2、创建一个消费者,创建一个channel,创建一个队列,并且消费队列

//消费者  
public static void consumer() throws Exception{
    //1、获取连对象、
    Connection connection = RabbitConfig.getConnection();

    //2、创建channel
    Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

    //3、创建队列-helloworld
    
    channel.queueDeclare("helloworld",true,false,false,null);


    //4.开启监听Queue
    DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
        @Override
        public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
            System.out.println("接收到消息:"+new String(body,"UTF-8"));
        }
    };
    
    channel.basicConsume("helloworld",true,consumer);
    System.out.println("消费者开始监听队列");

    //5、键盘录入,让程序不结束!
    System.in.read();

    //6、释放资源
    channel.close();
    connection.close();

}
3.4 Work

一个生产者,一个默认的交换机,一个队列,两个消费者

只需要在consumer消费者端,添加Qos能力以及更改为ACK手动即可让消费者根据自己的能力消费,不是RabbitMQ默认的平均分配了

//1指定当前消费者一次能消费多少条消息
channel.basicQos(1);

//2.开启监听Queue
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
    @Override
    public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
        System.out.println("消费者1号接收到消息:"+new String(body,"UTF-8"));
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //手动ACK(接收信息,指定书否批量 *** 作)
        channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
    }
};
//3.关闭自动ACK
    channel.basicConsume("work",false,consumer);

3.5 Publish/Subscribe

一个生产者,一个交换机,两个队列,两个消费者

声明一个Fanout类型的exchange,并且将exchange和queue绑定在一起,绑定规则直接绑定。

1、让生产者创建一个exchange并且指定类型,和一个或多个队列绑定在一起。当生产者发送消息是会发送到exchange中,再由exchange到绑定的队列中

//3、通过channel创建自己的exchange 并且绑定队列
    

    channel.exchangeDeclare("publish-exchange", BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);
    channel.queueBind("pubsub-queue1","publish-exchange","");
    channel.queueBind("pubsub-queue2","publish-exchange","");

2、消费者还是监听指定队列即可。

3.6 Routing

一个生产者,一个交换机,两个队列,两个消费者

声明一个DIRECT类型的exchange,并且根据Routingkey绑定指定的队列

绑定生产者和消费者都可以做,因为两边都有channel

1、生产者在创建DIRECT类型的exchange后绑定相应的队列,并且指定Routingkey。在发送消息是也要指定消息的Routingkey

//3、创建exchange并且指定类型
channel.exchangeDeclare("routing-exchange", BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);

//4、绑定队列 routing-queue-error routing-queue-info
channel.queueBind("routing-queue-error", "routing-exchange", "ERROR");
channel.queueBind("routing-queue-info", "routing-exchange", "INFO");

//5、发送消息并且指定接收的队列的routingkey
channel.basicPublish("routing-exchange", "ERROR", null, "ERROR-MSG".getBytes());
channel.basicPublish("routing-exchange", "INFO", null, "INFO-1".getBytes());
channel.basicPublish("routing-exchange", "INFO", null, "INFO-2".getBytes());
channel.basicPublish("routing-exchange", "INFO", null, "INFO-3".getBytes());

2、消费者没变化,监听自己的队列即可

3.7 Topics

一个生产者,一个交换机,两个队列,两个消费者

1、生产者创建Topic的exchange并且并且指定队列,这次绑定可以通过*和#匹配关键字,对指定RoutingKey内容进行匹配。

*(星号)可以代替一个单词。

#(哈希)可以替代零个或多个单词。

//3、创建exchange
channel.exchangeDeclare("topics-exchange", BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

//4、绑定队列 topics-queue-1 topics-queue-2
channel.queueBind("topics-queue-1", "topics-exchange", "zhang.*");
channel.queueBind("topics-queue-2", "topics-exchange", "wang.*");
channel.queueBind("topics-queue-2", "topics-exchange", "wang.#;");

//3、发送消息到exchange
channel.basicPublish("topics-exchange", "zhang.sna", null, "张三".getBytes());
channel.basicPublish("topics-exchange", "zhang.sna.sna", null, "张三三".getBytes());
channel.basicPublish("topics-exchange", "wang.wu", null, "王五".getBytes());
channel.basicPublish("topics-exchange", "wang.ergou", null, "王二狗".getBytes());
System.out.println("生产者发布消息成功!");

2、消费者无变化,监听指定的队列即可

四. Springboot整合RabbitMQ 4.1 helloword 模型 配置文件
spring:
  # 配置虚拟主机
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: test
    password: test
    virtual-host: /test
引入依赖


    4.0.0

    
        org.springframework.boot
        spring-boot-starter-parent
        2.4.1
         
    
    org.example
    demo1
    1.0-SNAPSHOT

    
        8
    
    

        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-web
        



        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-amqp
        

        
            org.springframework.amqp
            spring-rabbit-test
            test
        
        
            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-test
            test
            
                
                    org.junit.vintage
                    junit-vintage-engine
                
            
        

    

    
        
            
                org.springframework.boot
                spring-boot-maven-plugin
            
        
    



创建生产者
package com.ak.demo;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqSpringApplication.class)
public class MyTest {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public  void test(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("hello","hello world");
    }
}

创建消费者
package com.ak.demo.hello;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare =@Queue("hello"))
public class HelloCustomer {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void kk(String message){
        System.out.println(message);
    }
}

目录结构

4.2 workquene 模型 修改work 类
 @Test
    public  void test2(){
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("work","work 模型");
        }
    }

创建消费者
package com.ak.demo.work;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class WorkConsumer {

    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare =@Queue("work"))
    public void receive(String messaage){
        System.out.println("消费者1---"+messaage);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare =@Queue("work"))
    public void receive2(String messaage){
        System.out.println("消费者2--"+messaage);
    }
}


4.3 广播模式 创建生产者
 
    @Test
    public  void test3(){

        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("kk","","广播信息");
        }
    }

创建消费者
package com.ak.demo.fanout;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class FanOutConsumer {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value =@Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "kk",type = "fanout")
            )
    })
    public void receive(String message){
        System.out.println("----");
        System.out.println("广播信息1"+message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value =@Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "kk",type = "fanout")
            )
    })
    public void receive2(String message){
        System.out.println("----");
        System.out.println("广播信息2"+message);
    }
}


4.4 直连模式 创建生产者
    @Test
    public void testDirect(){
        String []routeKey={"error","info","waring","debug"};
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            int temp=new Random().nextInt(100)%4;
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directs",routeKey[temp],routeKey[temp]+"的日志信息");
        }

    }

创建消费者
package com.ak.demo.router;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class DirectConsumer {

    String []routeKey={"error","info","waring","debug"};
    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,// 临时队列
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "directs",type = "direct"),
                    key={"error","info","waring","debug"}
            )
    })
    public void receive(String message){
        System.out.println("接受全部信息--"+message);
    }


    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,// 临时队列
                    exchange = @Exchange(value = "directs",type = "direct"),
                    key={"error"}
            )
    })
    public void receive2(String message){
        System.out.println("只接受error--"+message);
    }
}


4.5 Topic 模式 创建生产者
@Test
    public void testFive(){
        String []routeKey={"user.save","user.add","admin.add","admin.save"};
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
            int temp=new Random().nextInt(100)%4;
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topics",routeKey[temp],routeKey[temp]+"信息");
        }
    }

消费者
package com.ak.demo.topic;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class TopicConsumer {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(name = "topics",type = "topic"),
                    key={"user.*"}
            )
    })
    public void receive(String message){
        System.out.println("user类---"+message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = {
            @QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue,
                    exchange = @Exchange(name = "topics",type = "topic"),
                    key={"admin.*"}
            )
    })
    public void receive2(String message){
        System.out.println("admin 类--"+message);
    }
}


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