Replacing an Atmel TS80C51U2 w

Abstract: The DS80C320/323 microcontroller is a higher performance alternaTIve to the Atmel 80C51 (TS80C51U2). Details of converTIng applicaTIon code from an Atmel microcontroller to the DS80C320/DS80C323 are shown including TIming changes, SFR differences and new features.

IntroductionDallas Semiconductor developed an innovative family of 8051 microcontrollers running at 4 clocks-per-machine cycle instead of the original 12 clocks. While some of the instructions increased in machine cycles, the overall improvement in performance achieved by most applications will be 2.5X. The Atmel 8051 family runs at 6 clocks-per-machine cycle, compared to the original 12, without increasing the number of machine cycles per instruction. This results in an improvement of 2X over the original 8051 architecture. The DS80C320 also contains several feature enhancements over the original 8051 including dual data pointers, power-management mode, enhanced watchdog timer, a ring oscillator, and stretch cycles for external memory (MOVX) access.

The purpose of this application note is to provide information on converting application code from the Atmel TS80C51U2 to the faster DS80C320. FeaturesTable 1. DS80C320/323 vs. TS80C51U2 FEATURE DESCRIPTION DALLAS ATMEL Maximum Operating Frequency 4.5V to 5.5V 33MHz (82.5MHz equivalent) 30MHz (60MHz equivalent) Maximum Operating Frequency 2.7V to 5.5V 18MHz (45MHz equivalent) 20MHz (40MHz equivalent) MOVX Stretch Stretch external data read/write to allow access to slower peripherals Y N External Interrupt Sources 6 2 Ports 0, 1, 2, 3 Y Y Three 16-Bit Timer/Counters Timer 0, 1, 2 Y Y 256 Bytes Internal RAM Y Y Dual Data Pointer DPTR0, DPTR1 Y Y Power Saving Modes Idle mode, sleep Y Y Power-Fail Reset Brownout detector Y N Power-Fail Warning Early power-fail warning interrupt Y N Programmable Watchdog Timer Y Y Watchdog Interrupt Y N Interrupt Priority Levels Programmable interrupt levels 2 4 Two Full-Duplex Serial UARTs 7 or 8 data bits, 1 or 2 stop bits, parity, framing error recognition, address recognition Y Y PinoutTable 2. DS80C320/323 and TS80C51U2 pinout differences PIN NAME DIFFERENCE IN DS80C320 DESCRIPTION/COMMENT DIP PLCC TQFP, VQFP 20 22, 23 16, 17 VSS Two ground connections provided On TS80C51U2, PLCC pin 23 and VQFP44 pin 17 are N.C. These pins can be left floating on the DS80C320/323 without problems. 9 10 4 RST Reset. DS80C320/323 does not require an external capacitor, however, if one is placed it does not affect behavior. Alternate Function Comment 3 4 42 P1.2 No difference (Note 1) RXD1 Serial port 1 Input 4 5 43 P1.3 No difference (Note 1) TXD1 Serial port 1 Output 5 6 44 P1.4 Can be used as external interrupt INT2 External Interrupt TS80C51U2 only has two external interrupts. 6 7 1 P1.5 Can be used as external interrupt (Note 1) Active-Low INT3 External Interrupt TS80C51U2 only has two external interrupts. 7 8 2 P1.6 Can be used as external interrupt (Note 1) INT4 External Interrupt TS80C51U2 only has two external interrupts. Can be serial 1 output on TS80C51U2. 8 9 3 P1.7 Can be used as external interrupt (Note 1) Active-Low INT5 External Interrupt TS80C51U2 only has two external interrupts. Can be serial 1 output on TS80C51U2. -- 12 6 N.C. No Connect Optional serial port1 input on TS80C51U2 (Note 1) -- 34 28 N.C. No Connect Optional serial port1 output on TS80C51U2 (Note 1) -- 1 39 N.C. No Connect VSS on TS80C51U2, grounding pin on DS80C320/323 causes no problems Note 1: TS80C51U2 serial port 1 input/output can be located on different positions, depending on AUXR bit M1UA1 and M0UA_1 bit. SFR Memory MapTable 3. SFR differences REGISTER BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1 BIT 0 ADDR COMMENT DPL1 84H TS80C51U2 DPL1/DPL use SFR address 82h (DPL on DS80C320/323). DPH1 85H TS80C51U2 DPH1/DPH use SFR address 83h (DPH on DS80C320/323). DPS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SEL 86H TS80C51U2 uses DPS bit in AUXR1 SFR. CKCON
DS80C320/323 WD1 WD0 T2M T1M T0M MD2 MD1 MD0 8Eh WD1,0 watchdog timeout. See Watchdog Section T2M, T1M, T0M (timer speed); See Timer Section MD2, MD1, MD0 (Stretch MOVX) TS80C51U2 does not support stretch. M1UA_1/M0UA_1 on TS80C51U2 selects UART1 pin out. AUXR
TS80C51U2 M1UA_1 M0UA_1 -- -- -- -- -- A0 CKCON
TS80C51U2 only X2 8Fh 12/6 clock select on TS80C51U2, register not used on DS80C320/323. EXIF IE5 IE4 IE3 IE2 -- RGMD RGSL BGS 91h IE5, 4, 3, 2
Additional external interrupts supported by DS80C320/323. BRL
TS80C51U2 only BRL7 BRL6 BRL5 BRL4 BRL3 BRL2 BRL1 BRL0 9Ah Baud rate generator on TS80C51U2. Register not used on DS80C320/323. BDRCON
TS80C51U2 -- -- -- BRR TBCK_0 RBCK_0 SPD SRC 9Bh See serial port baud section below. BDRCON_1
TS80C51U2 SMOD1_1 SMOD0_1 RCLK_1 TCLK_1 TBCK_1 RBCK_1 -- -- 9Ch See serial port baud section below. AUXR1
TS80C51U2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- DPS A2h DPS select is handled in register DPS.0 on DS80C320/323. WDTRST
TS80C51U2 A6h Watchdog reset handled in WDCON register on DS80C320/323. WDTPRG
TS80C51U2 T4 T3 T2 T1 T0 S2 S1 S0 A7h Watchdog timeout handled in CKCON register on DS80C320/323. IPH
TS80C51U2 -- PSH_1 PT2H PSH_0 PT1H PX1H PT0H PX0H B7h Interrupt priorities handled in IP and EIP registers on DS80C320/323. STATUS PIP HIP LIP 1 1 1 1 1 C5h Interrupt status for clock control. Not present in Atmel TS80C51U2. TA C7h Timed Access Control EIE -- -- -- EWD1 EX5 EX4 EX3 EX2 E8h Enable watchdog interrupt and enable extended interrupts. Additional features not supported on TS80C51U2. EIP -- -- -- PWDI PX5 PX4 PX3 PX2 F8h Watchdog interrupt and extended interrupts. Additional features not supported on TS80C51U2. Dual Data PointersUnlike the Atmel TS80C51U2 that uses shadow registers, the DS80C320/323 maps the two data pointers to different registers. DPL0 is at SFR address 82h, DPH0 is at 83h, DPL1 is at 84h, and DPH1 is at 85h. DPL is mapped at SFR 82h and DPH is at SFR 83h on the Atmel TS80C51U2. To toggle between the active DPTR on the DS80C320/323, use DPS.0 instead of AUXR1 on the TS80C51U2. Having separate registers for the dual data pointers allows access to either set of registers without having to change the active DPTR. Watchdog TimerThe Dallas DS80C320/323 implements an advanced watchdog reset with support for a watchdog interrupt prior to reset of the device on expiration of the timer. The watchdog interrupt vector is located at 63h and is vectored to 512 cycles prior to the watchdog timeout. An application can either reset the watchdog and hold off the reset or it can perform clean-up functions and let the reset happen at the end of the 512 cycles.

The WD1 and WD0 bits in the CKCON register control the watchdog timeout values. Table 4 shows the possible settings. Prior to changing the values of the WD1 and WD0 bits, the reset watchdog timer bit (WDCON.0) should be set to avoid corruption of the watchdog count. Setting the EWDI (EIE.4) bit enables the watchdog timer interrupt and the EWT (WDCON.1) enables the watchdog timer. To reset the watchdog timer, application code sets the RWT (WDCON.0) bit. To avoid a watchdog timeout, this bit must be set by application code prior to the timeout. Timed access, DS80C320/323 data sheet page 18, protects both the watchdog enable and the watchdog reset bits, preventing runaway code from accidentally resetting or disabling the watchdog timer.

Table 4. Watchdog settings WD1 WD0 INTERRUPT TIMEOUT TIME (ms) (AT 33MHz) RESET TIMEOUT TIME (ms) (AT 33MHz) 0 0 217 clocks 3.97 217 + 512 clocks 4 0 1 220 clocks 31.76 220 + 512 clocks 31.79 1 0 223 clocks 254.2 223 + 512 clocks 254.22 1 1 226 clocks 2034 226 + 512 clocks 2037
The SFR register WDTRG bits S0, S1, and S2 program the TS80C51U2 watchdog timeout period. The timeout is programmable from 3.26ms to 418ms at 30MHz. The Atmel microcontrollers require that a 1Eh and then an E1h be written to the WDTRST SFR to enable or reset the timer. TimersThe DS80C320/323 allows timers 0, 1, and 2 to be run in original 8051 Xtal/12 or from Xtal/4 mode. To run in the 4-clock timer mode, T2M, T1M, or T0M bits must be set for each timer. Unlike the TS80C51U2, the timers can be set independently to run in either 12- or 4-clock mode. This allows the DS80C320/323 more flexibility in timer rates. On the TS80C51U2, all timers either run in 6-clock or 12-clock mode depending on the X2 bit in CKCON.

The reload values for each timer must be recalculated to account for the difference in Xtal/6 or Xtal/4 modes. Refer to the DS80C320/323 data sheet for detailed functions for calculating the reload values. PCON UART ControlBoth the DS80C320/323 and the TS80C51 allow baud-rate doubling and framing-error detection. The baud-rate doubling flags for the DS80C320/323 are SMOD_0 in PCON and SMOD_1 in WDCON. Setting these bits enables baud-rate doubling. To enable framing-error detection set SMOD0 (PCON.6). UARTThe TS80C51U2 includes a dedicated baud-rate generator that is not available in the DS80C320/323. It is necessary to convert serial code that uses the baud-rate generator to use an available timer. Refer to the High-Speed Microcontroller User's Guide for specifics on baud-rate generation with the timers (Section 12.3). InterruptsThe DS80C320/323 provide 2 levels of interrupt priority with natural priority selection. Table 5 shows the priority levels of the DS80C320/323 compared to the TS80C51U2.

Note: The TS80C51 serial port 1 interrupt vector is located at address 33h. On the DS80C320/323 the serial port 1 interrupt vector is located at 3Bh and the power-fail interrupt is at 33h.

Table 5. Interrupt priorities NAME DALLAS
LEVEL ATMEL
LEVEL VECTOR COMMENT Power-Fail Indicator 1 Not Available 33h Warning ATMEL serial port 1 interrupt vector External Interrupt 0 2 1 03h Timer 0 Overflow 3 2 0Bh External Interrupt 1 4 3 13h Timer 1 Overflow 5 4 1Bh Serial Port 0 6 5 23h Timer 2 Overflow 7 6 2Bh Serial Port 1 8 7 3Bh Warning ATMEL serial port 1 vector at 33h External Interrupt 2 9 Not Available 43h External Interrupt 3 10 Not Available 4Bh External Interrupt 4 11 Not Available 53h External Interrupt 5 12 Not Available 5Bh Watchdog Interrupt 13 Not Available 63h Reset and Power-FailThe DS80C320/323 includes an internal bandgap reset circuit, which monitors voltage on VCC to ensure that the proper operation levels are maintained. If the operating voltage falls past the power-fail warning level, a power-fail interrupt is triggered, which allows application code to cleanly shut down the system. The Atmel TS80C51U2 does not include a bandgap reset, and typically requires the usage of an external IC for this purpose, increasing overall cost, part count, and operating current.