Java网络爬虫怎么实现？

网络爬虫是一个自动提取网页的程序，它为搜索引擎从万维网上下载网页，是搜索引擎的重要组成。\x0d\x0a传统爬虫从一个或若干初始网页的URL开始，获得初始网页上的URL，在抓取网页的过程中，不断从当前页面上抽取新的URL放入队列，直到满足系统的一定停止条件。对于垂直搜索来说，聚焦爬虫，即有针对性地爬取特定主题网页的爬虫，更为适合。\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a以下是一个使用java实现的简单爬虫核心代码：\x0d\x0apublic void crawl() throws Throwable { \x0d\x0awhile (continueCrawling()) { \x0d\x0aCrawlerUrl url = getNextUrl()//获取待爬取队列中的下一个URL\x0d\x0aif (url != null) { \x0d\x0aprintCrawlInfo() \x0d\x0aString content = getContent(url)//获取URL的文本信息\x0d\x0a \x0d\x0a//聚焦爬虫只爬取与主题内容相关的网页，这里采用正则匹配简单处理\x0d\x0aif (isContentRelevant(content, this.regexpSearchPattern)) { \x0d\x0asaveContent(url, content)//保存网页至本地\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a//获取网页内容中的链接，并放入待爬取队列中\x0d\x0aCollection urlStrings = extractUrls(content, url)\x0d\x0aaddUrlsToUrlQueue(url, urlStrings)\x0d\x0a} else { \x0d\x0aSystem.out.println(url + " is not relevant ignoring ...")\x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a//延时防止被对方屏蔽\x0d\x0aThread.sleep(this.delayBetweenUrls)\x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0acloseOutputStream()\x0d\x0a}\x0d\x0aprivate CrawlerUrl getNextUrl() throws Throwable { \x0d\x0aCrawlerUrl nextUrl = null\x0d\x0awhile ((nextUrl == null) &&(!urlQueue.isEmpty())) { \x0d\x0aCrawlerUrl crawlerUrl = this.urlQueue.remove()\x0d\x0a//doWeHavePermissionToVisit：是否有权限访问该URL，友好的爬虫会根据网站提供的"Robot.txt"中配置的规则进行爬取 \x0d\x0a//isUrlAlreadyVisited：URL是否访问过，大型的搜索引擎往往采用BloomFilter进行排重，这里简单使用HashMap \x0d\x0a//isDepthAcceptable：是否达到指定的深度上限。爬虫一般采取广度优先的方式。一些网站会构建爬虫陷阱（自动生成一些无效链接使爬虫陷入死循环），采用深度限制加以避免 \x0d\x0aif (doWeHavePermissionToVisit(crawlerUrl) \x0d\x0a&&(!isUrlAlreadyVisited(crawlerUrl)) \x0d\x0a&&isDepthAcceptable(crawlerUrl)) { \x0d\x0anextUrl = crawlerUrl\x0d\x0a// System.out.println("Next url to be visited is " + nextUrl)\x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0areturn nextUrl\x0d\x0a}\x0d\x0aprivate String getContent(CrawlerUrl url) throws Throwable { \x0d\x0a//HttpClient4.1的调用与之前的方式不同 \x0d\x0aHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient()\x0d\x0aHttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url.getUrlString())\x0d\x0aStringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer()\x0d\x0aHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpGet)\x0d\x0aif (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) { \x0d\x0aHttpEntity entity = response.getEntity()\x0d\x0aif (entity != null) { \x0d\x0aBufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader( \x0d\x0anew InputStreamReader(entity.getContent(), "UTF-8"))\x0d\x0aString line = null\x0d\x0aif (entity.getContentLength() >0) { \x0d\x0astrBuf = new StringBuffer((int) entity.getContentLength())\x0d\x0awhile ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { \x0d\x0astrBuf.append(line)\x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0aif (entity != null) { \x0d\x0ansumeContent()\x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a//将url标记为已访问 \x0d\x0amarkUrlAsVisited(url)\x0d\x0areturn strBuf.toString()\x0d\x0a}\x0d\x0apublic static boolean isContentRelevant(String content, \x0d\x0aPattern regexpPattern) { \x0d\x0aboolean retValue = false\x0d\x0aif (content != null) { \x0d\x0a//是否符合正则表达式的条件 \x0d\x0aMatcher m = regexpPattern.matcher(content.toLowerCase())\x0d\x0aretValue = m.find()\x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0areturn retValue\x0d\x0a}\x0d\x0apublic List extractUrls(String text, CrawlerUrl crawlerUrl) { \x0d\x0aMap urlMap = new HashMap()\x0d\x0aextractHttpUrls(urlMap, text)\x0d\x0aextractRelativeUrls(urlMap, text, crawlerUrl)\x0d\x0areturn new ArrayList(urlMap.keySet())\x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0aprivate void extractHttpUrls(Map urlMap, String text) { \x0d\x0aMatcher m = (text)\x0d\x0awhile (m.find()) { \x0d\x0aString url = m.group()\x0d\x0aString[] terms = url.split("a href=\"")\x0d\x0afor (String term : terms) { \x0d\x0a// System.out.println("Term = " + term)\x0d\x0aif (term.startsWith("http")) { \x0d\x0aint index = term.indexOf("\"")\x0d\x0aif (index >0) { \x0d\x0aterm = term.substring(0, index)\x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0aurlMap.put(term, term)\x0d\x0aSystem.out.println("Hyperlink: " + term)\x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0aprivate void extractRelativeUrls(Map urlMap, String text, \x0d\x0aCrawlerUrl crawlerUrl) { \x0d\x0aMatcher m = relativeRegexp.matcher(text)\x0d\x0aURL textURL = crawlerUrl.getURL()\x0d\x0aString host = textURL.getHost()\x0d\x0awhile (m.find()) { \x0d\x0aString url = m.group()\x0d\x0aString[] terms = url.split("a href=\"")\x0d\x0afor (String term : terms) { \x0d\x0aif (term.startsWith("/")) { \x0d\x0aint index = term.indexOf("\"")\x0d\x0aif (index >0) { \x0d\x0aterm = term.substring(0, index)\x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0aString s = //" + host + term\x0d\x0aurlMap.put(s, s)\x0d\x0aSystem.out.println("Relative url: " + s)\x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a}\x0d\x0apublic static void main(String[] args) { \x0d\x0atry { \x0d\x0aString url = ""\x0d\x0aQueue urlQueue = new LinkedList()\x0d\x0aString regexp = "java"\x0d\x0aurlQueue.add(new CrawlerUrl(url, 0))\x0d\x0aNaiveCrawler crawler = new NaiveCrawler(urlQueue, 100, 5, 1000L, \x0d\x0aregexp)\x0d\x0a// boolean allowCrawl = crawler.areWeAllowedToVisit(url)\x0d\x0a// System.out.println("Allowed to crawl: " + url + " " + \x0d\x0a// allowCrawl)\x0d\x0acrawler.crawl()\x0d\x0a} catch (Throwable t) { \x0d\x0aSystem.out.println(t.toString())\x0d\x0at.printStackTrace()\x0d\x0a} \x0d\x0a}

我主要使用Jsoup解析，获取源码有时候使用Jsoup，比较复杂的时候比如需要换ip，改编码或者模拟登陆的时候使用HttpClient，以下是抓取开源中国新闻的一段代码，可以运行。

package demo

import java.io.IOException

import org.jsoup.Jsoup

import org.jsoup.nodes.Document

import org.jsoup.nodes.Element

import org.jsoup.select.Elements

/**

*

* 使用JSoup 解析网页，语法使用 JS，css，Jquery 选择器语法，方便易懂

*

* Jsoup教程网：jsoup开发指南,jsoup中文使用手册,jsoup中文文档

*

* @author geekfly

*

*/

public class JsoupDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

String url = "新闻资讯 - 开源中国社区"

Document document = Jsoup.connect(url).userAgent("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1rv:30.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/30.0").get()

Elements elements = document.select("#RecentNewsList .List >li")

for (Element element : elements) {

Elements titleElement = element.select("h2 a")

String title = titleElement.text()

String link = titleElement.attr("href").trim()

Elements dataElement = element.select(".date")

Elements autherElement = dataElement.select("a")

String auther = autherElement.text()

autherElement.remove()

String date = dataElement.text()

String detail = element.select(".detail").text()

System.out.println("链接：" + link)

System.out.println("标题：" + title)

System.out.println("作者：" + auther)

System.out.println("发布时间： " + date)

System.out.println("详细信息： " + detail)

System.out.println()

System.out.println()

}

System.out.println(elements.size())

}

}

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