动词变化规则 动词的三单 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 的变化规则

动词的变化规则及发音规律
一, 动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]如：
①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]
②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：
fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]
study－studies [z]; worry－worries
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz] 如：
teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z] 如：
go－goes [z] do－does [z]
下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆 如：
1、do [du:]－does [dz]
2、say [sei]－says [sez]
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音, 与所加“s”
一起读做[iz] 如：
close－closes [iz]
二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同： 变“y”为“”现象 双写最后辅音字母现象
例词：
①baby－babies
②carry－carries
③study－studying

二,规则动词的过去式变化如下：
一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如：
worked played wanted acted
以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如：
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如： stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped 注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆
go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew
动词过去式,过去分词不规则变化
AB型
can could shall should
will would may might
AAA型
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hit hit hit
hurt hurt hurt
let let let
must must must
put put put
set set set
shut shut shut
read read read
AAB型
beat beat beaten
ABA型
become became become
come came come
run ran run
ABB型
bring brought brought
buy bought bought
think thought thought
catch caught caught
teach taught taught
build built built
lend lent lent
send sent sent
spend spent spent
dig dug dug
hang hung hung
feel felt felt
keep kept kept
sleep slept slept
sweep swept swept
leave left left
smell smelt smelt
spill spilt spilt
lay laid laid
pay paid paid
say said said
sell sold sold
tell told told
sit sat sat
spit spat spat
stand stood stood
understand understood understood
learn learnt learnt
mean meant meant
spoil spoilt spoilt
shine shone shone
win won won
have had had
make made made
hear heard heard
find found found
hold held held
ABC型
begin began begun
drink drank drunk
ring rang rung
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
swim swam swum
blow blew blown
fly flew flown
grow grew grown
know knew known
throw threw thrown
draw drew drawn
show showed shown
break broke broken
choose chose chosen
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
speak spoke spoken
wake woke woken
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
give gave given
hide hid hidden
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen
take took taken
mistake mistook mistaken
write wrote written
am,is was been
are were been
do did done
go went gone
lie lay lain
see saw seen
wear wore worn
易错型
show showed shown
draw drew drawn
fall fell fallen
feel felt felt
hold held held
help helped helped
think thought thought
thank thanked thanked
take took taken
talk talked talked
get got got
forget forgot forgotten
meet met met
mean meant meant
hit hit hit
hide hid hidden
ring rang rung
bring brought brought
eat ate eaten
beat beat beaten
lie lay lain
lay laid laid
find found found
found founded founded
buy bought bought
bring brought brought
learn learnt learnt
hear heard heard

三, 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种
1) 规则变化
情况 例词 读音与说明
动词原形 过去式 过去分词
一般在动词原形后加-ed look
call
open
need looked
called
opened
needed looked
called
opened
needed
①-ed在清辅音音素后
发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]
②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕
后发音为[id]
③但fix的过去式和过去
分词x不双写,为fixed
以-e结尾的动词加-d move
phone
phoned
hope
hoped
agree
agreed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,
再加-ed study
carry
try studied
studied
carried studied
carried
tried
以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed play
enjoy
stay
enjoyed
stayed
play
played
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop
plan
fit stopped
planned
fitted stopped planned
fitted
以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,
再加-ed prefer
refer preferred
referred preferred referred
2) 不规则变化
英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况
1．动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
cut（切）
hit（打）
cast（扔）
hurt（伤害）
put（放）
let（让）
shut（关）
cost（花费）
set（放）
rid（清除） cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
set
rid cut
hit
cast
hurt
put
let
shut
cost
set
rid
2．过去式与过去分词完全同形
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
find（找到）
pay（支付）
leave（离开）
lend（借出）
meet（遇见）
keep（保持）
lose（丢失）
teach（教）
sit（坐）
lead（引导）
win（赢）除） found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won found
paid
left
lent
met
kept
lost
taught
sat
led
won
3．动词原形与过去分词同形
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
come（来）
run（跑）
become（成为） came
ran
became come
run
become
4．动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
give（给）
fly（飞）
drink（喝）
see（看见）
go（去）
know（知道）
wear（穿）
speak（说） gave
flew
drank
saw
went
knew
wore
spoke given
flown
drunk
seen
gone
known
worn
spoken
5过去式和过去分词有两种形式
例：
原形 过去式 过去分词
burn（燃烧） burned
burnt burned
burnt
learn（学习） learned
learnt learned
learnt
smell（闻） smelled
smelt smelled
smelt
spell （拼写） spelled
spelt spelled
spelt
shine （照射） shined
shone shined
shone
leap （跳） leaped
leapt leaped
leapt
提示
a beat的过去式与原形同形：
比：beat（打击） beat（过去式） beaten（过去分词）
b lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比：lie lied, lied（说谎）
lay, lain（躺,位于）
c hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同
比：hang hanged, hanged（处绞刑）
hung, hung(挂,吊)
d welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词
比：welcome welcomed, welcomed（正）
welcome, welcome（误）
e不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词
比：hit（打） hit, hit（正）
hitted, hitted（误）

四, 现在分词的变化规则
规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音
一般在动词原形词尾加-ing,-ing发音为 [iN] go
push
play
carry going pushing
playing
carrying
以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing take
write
leave taking writing
leaving
重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,要将该辅音字母双写,再加-ing cut
stop
fit
begin
forget cutting stopping fitting beginning forgetting
以ie结尾的动词,要把ie改为y,再加-ing lie
die
tie lying
dying
tying

规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有：
1 直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned
2 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved
3 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married
不规则动词的过去式见课本后的不规则动词表。大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：
1 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat
2 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
3 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt
6 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：
1 在清辅音后读作[t]。如：asked, helped, watched, stopped
2在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如：enjoyed, studied, moved, called
3 在t / d后读作[id]。如：wanted, needed
现在分词的构成方法如下 ： 一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 -ing
going asking finding working being seeing printing raining standing studying speaking spelling
以不发音的-e 结尾的动词，去-e ，再加-ing。 coming taking firing encircling writing becoming breathing leaving
闭音节的单音节词，或以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ing
sitting running getting cutting stopping beginning planning permitting
一般现在时主语单三人称时的动词变化
①在一般现在时中，当主语为第三人称单数时，动词要用“s”型（即第三人称单数形式）。
②所谓动词“s”型的构成，可按名词变复数的规则来记，即：
i）在动词尾直接加 s。如：
play—plays， want—wants， work—works， know—knows， help—helps，get—gets
ii）以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es；如：
guess—guesses， fix—fixes， teach—teaches， brush—brushes， go—goes，do—does，watch—watches，catch—catches
iii）以辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es。如：
study—studies，carry—carries，fly—flies，worry—worries
祝学业进步，望采纳

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