使用libvirt管理KVM(一)

使用libvirt管理KVM(一),第1张

使用libvirt管理KVM(一) 一. 安装和配置libvirt,源码下载http://www.qemu-project.org/download/#source. 二. 从包和源码包进行安装libvirt。


1. 在ubuntu系统上,安装包如下

xiodi@c720132:~$ sudo apt-get update

xiodi@c720132:~$ sudo apt install libvirt-bin

2. 检查libvirt守护进程是否处于运行状态。


xiodi@c720132:~$ sudo pgrep -lfa libvirtd

10131 /usr/sbin/libvirtd

3. 检查这个默认配置

xiodi@c720132:~$ cat /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf | grep -vi "#"  | sed '/^$/d'

unix_sock_group = "libvirtd"

unix_sock_ro_perms = "0777"

unix_sock_rw_perms = "0770"

auth_unix_ro = "none"

auth_unix_rw = "none"

4. 通过编辑qemu配置文件,关闭QEMU的安全驱动。


xiodi@c720132:~$ sudo vim /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf

5. 重启libvirt守护进程

xiodi@c720132:~$ /etc/init.d/libvirt-bin restart

[....] Restarting libvirt-bin (via systemctl): libvirt-bin.service==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-units ===

Authentication is required to restart 'libvirt-bin.service'.

Authenticating as: xiodi,,, (xiodi)

Password:

==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===

. ok

6. 在libvirt目录中检查所有配置文件 。


xiodi@c720132:~$ ls -al /etc/libvirt/

total 92

drwxr-xr-x  5 root root  4096 Jun 29 15:21 .

drwxr-xr-x 96 root root  4096 Jun 29 15:16 ..

drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 May 24 03:02 hooks

-rw-r--r--  1 root root   450 May 24 03:03 libvirt-admin.conf

-rw-r--r--  1 root root   547 May 24 03:03 libvirt.conf

-rw-r--r--  1 root root 15276 May 24 03:03 libvirtd.conf

-rw-r--r--  1 root root   834 May 24 03:03 libxl.conf

-rw-r--r--  1 root root  2169 May 24 03:03 libxl-lockd.conf

-rw-r--r--  1 root root  1235 May 24 03:03 lxc.conf

drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Jun 29 15:16 nwfilter

drwxr-xr-x  3 root root  4096 Jun 29 15:16 qemu

-rw-------  1 root root 19536 May 24 03:03 qemu.conf

-rw-r--r--  1 root root  2169 May 24 03:03 qemu-lockd.conf

-rw-r--r--  1 root root  2134 May 24 03:03 virtlockd.conf

-rw-r--r--  1 root root  1802 May 24 03:03 virtlogd.conf

-rw-r--r--  1 root root  1217 May 24 03:03 virt-login-shell.conf

7. 介绍几个重要的配置文件
  • libvirt.conf: 针对virsh命令主要是关于客户端的配置文件 。


    一般默认的就满足要求了。


  • libvirtd.conf :主要是针对服务器端的配置文件 ,它提供了不同的安全选项,请求限制和日志选项。


  • qemu.conf: 主要是针对QEMU 设备 的主要配置文件 ,比如VNC服务器地址的配置选项等 。


  • 在创建完QEMU/KVM虚拟机后,/etc/libvirtd/qemu目录将会包含虚拟机的配置定义


  • /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/包含了网络相关的配置文件 。


三. 定义KVM实例 1. 定义本虚拟化主机上的所有虚拟机。


[root@kvm-1 ~]# virsh list --all

  Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

  1     c720220                        running

  2     c720203                        running

  4     c720101                        running

  10    c720104                        running

2. 定义下面的XML文件。


[root@kvm-1 qemu]# cat c720135.xml

<!--

WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE

OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:

   virsh edit c720135

or other application using the libvirt API.

-->

<domain type='kvm'>

   <name>c720135</name>

   <uuid>56468610-cb3e-457a-b493-a6845bd9a09e</uuid>

   <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory>

   <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory>

   <vcpu placement='static'>8</vcpu>

   <os>

     <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>

     <boot dev='hd'/>

   </os>

   <features>

     <acpi/>

     <apic/>

   </features>

   <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>

     <model fallback='allow'>Westmere</model>

   </cpu>

   <clock offset='utc'>

     <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>

     <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>

     <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>

   </clock>

   <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>

   <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>

   <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>

   <pm>

     <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>

     <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>

   </pm>

   <devices>

     <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>

     <disk type='file' device='disk'>

       <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>

       <source file='/kvm/sys-disk/c720135.qcow2'/>

       <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>

     </disk>

     <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>

       <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>

       <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>

       <readonly/>

       <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>

     </disk>

     <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x7'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>

       <master startport='0'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>

       <master startport='2'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x1'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>

       <master startport='4'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x2'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>

     <controller type='ide' index='0'>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>

     </controller>

     <interface type='bridge'>

       <mac address='52:54:00:48:7d:06'/>

       <source bridge='br0'/>

       <model type='virtio'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>

     </interface>

     <interface type='bridge'>

       <mac address='52:54:00:67:d2:50'/>

       <source bridge='br1'/>

       <model type='virtio'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>

     </interface>

     <serial type='pty'>

       <target port='0'/>

     </serial>

     <console type='pty'>

       <target type='serial' port='0'/>

     </console>

     <channel type='unix'>

       <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>

       <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>

     </channel>

     <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>

       <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>

     </input>

     <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>

     <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>

     <memballoon model='virtio'>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>

     </memballoon>

   </devices>

</domain>

3. 定义虚拟机 [root@kvm-1 qemu]# virsh define kvm1.xml 通过写XML文件去配置虚拟机,是相当繁琐和容易出错的。


一个简单 的创建虚拟机的方式是从已经存在的镜像或者安装介质创建。


是使用virt-install工具。


(1)安装virtinst包

xiodi@c720132:~$ sudo apt install virtinst

(2)使用virt-install命令定义和开启新的实例。


[root@kvm-1 tmp]#  virt-install --name test --ram 1024 --disk path=/tmp/CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud-1705.raw,format=raw --graphics vnc,listen=192.168.20.254 --noautoconsole --hvm --import

(3)查看定义的主机

[root@kvm-1 tmp]# virsh list --all

  Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

  1     c720220                        running

  2     c720203                        running

  4     c720101                        running

  10    c720104                        running

  39    c720133                        running

  40    c720134                        running

  41    c720135                        running

  42    c720136                        running

  44    test                           running

(4)从下面命令可以看出自动产生的xml文件 。


[root@kvm-1 tmp]# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/test.xml

<!--

WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE

OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:

   virsh edit test

or other application using the libvirt API.

-->

<domain type='kvm'>

   <name>test</name>

   <uuid>acb7bbe0-0f47-4517-be83-2cf14be50811</uuid>

   <memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory>

   <currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory>

   <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>

   <os>

     <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.4.0'>hvm</type>

     <boot dev='hd'/>

   </os>

   <features>

     <acpi/>

     <apic/>

   </features>

   <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>

     <model fallback='allow'>Westmere</model>

   </cpu>

   <clock offset='utc'>

     <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>

     <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>

     <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>

   </clock>

   <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>

   <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>

   <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>

   <pm>

     <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>

     <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>

   </pm>

   <devices>

     <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>

     <disk type='file' device='disk'>

       <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>

       <source file='/tmp/CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud-1705.raw'/>

       <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>

       <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>

     </disk>

     <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>

       <master startport='0'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>

       <master startport='2'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>

       <master startport='4'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>

     <controller type='ide' index='0'>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>

     </controller>

     <interface type='network'>

       <mac address='52:54:00:c5:25:91'/>

       <source network='default'/>

       <model type='rtl8139'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>

     </interface>

     <serial type='pty'>

       <target port='0'/>

     </serial>

     <console type='pty'>

       <target type='serial' port='0'/>

     </console>

     <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>

     <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>

     <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes' listen='192.168.20.254'>

       <listen type='address' address='192.168.20.254'/>

     </graphics>

     <video>

       <model type='cirrus' vram='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>

     </video>

     <memballoon model='virtio'>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>

     </memballoon>

   </devices>

</domain>

四. 开始,停止,和移除KVM实例 1. 列出所有的虚拟机

[root@kvm-1 qemu]# virsh list –all

2. 启动虚拟机并进行校验

[root@kvm-1 qemu]# virsh start c720094

Domain c720094 started

列出所有虚拟机。


[root@kvm-1 qemu]# virsh list --all

  Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

  1     c720220                        running

  2     c720203                        running

  4     c720101                        running

  10    c720104                        running

  39    c720133                        running

  40    c720134                        running

  41    c720135                        running

  42    c720136                        running

  43    c720094                        running

  -     c720103                        shut off

3. 检查虚拟机运行的进程

[root@kvm-1 qemu]# pgrep -lfa qemu

1822 /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -name guest=c720101,debug-threads=on -S -object secret,id=masterKey0,format=raw,file=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/domain-4-c720101/master-key.aes -machine pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0,accel=kvm,usb=off,dump-guest-core=off -cpu Westmere -m 4096 -realtime mlock=off -smp 8,sockets=8,cores=1,threads=1 -

4. 停止VM和确保它的状态从运行状态转变成shut off:

[root@kvm-1 qemu]# virsh destroy c720094

Domain c720094 destroyed

[root@kvm-1 qemu]# virsh list --all

  Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

  1     c720220                        running

  2     c720203                        running

  4     c720101                        running

  10    c720104                        running

  39    c720133                        running

  40    c720134                        running

  41    c720135                        running

  42    c720136                        running

  -     c720094                        shut off

  -     c720103                        shut off

5. 移除定义的实例

[root@kvm-1 qemu]# virsh undefine c720094

五. 检查和编辑KVM配置

转储虚拟机的配置文件 到磁盘,去检查或者备份。


使用virsh命令也可以更新配置。


1. 检查运行的虚拟机实例

[root@kvm-1 qemu]# virsh list

  Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

  1     c720220                        running

  2     c720203                        running

  4     c720101                        running

  10    c720104                        running

  39    c720133                        running

  40    c720134                        running

  41    c720135                        running

  42    c720136                        running

2. 转储实例配置文件到标准输出。


[root@kvm-1 qemu]# virsh dumpxml c720136

<domain type='kvm' id='42'>

   <name>c720136</name>

   <uuid>d9605a81-38b8-47ed-8984-21dea6cb0d88</uuid>

   <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory>

   <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory>

   <vcpu placement='static'>8</vcpu>

   <resource>

     <partition>/machine</partition>

   </resource>

   <os>

     <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>

     <boot dev='hd'/>

   </os>

   <features>

     <acpi/>

     <apic/>

   </features>

   <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='full'>

     <model fallback='forbid'>Westmere</model>

     <feature policy='require' name='pclmuldq'/>

     <feature policy='require' name='x2apic'/>

     <feature policy='require' name='hypervisor'/>

   </cpu>

   <clock offset='utc'>

     <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>

     <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>

     <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>

   </clock>

   <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>

   <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>

   <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>

   <pm>

     <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>

     <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>

   </pm>

   <devices>

     <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>

     <disk type='file' device='disk'>

       <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>

       <source file='/kvm/sys-disk/c72136.qcow2'/>

       <backingStore/>

       <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>

       <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>

     </disk>

     <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>

       <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>

       <backingStore/>

       <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>

       <readonly/>

       <alias name='ide0-0-0'/>

       <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>

     </disk>

     <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>

       <alias name='usb'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x7'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>

       <alias name='usb'/>

       <master startport='0'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>

       <alias name='usb'/>

       <master startport='2'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x1'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>

       <alias name='usb'/>

       <master startport='4'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x2'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'>

       <alias name='pci.0'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='ide' index='0'>

       <alias name='ide'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>

     </controller>

     <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>

       <alias name='virtio-serial0'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>

     </controller>

     <interface type='bridge'>

       <mac address='52:54:00:6d:a0:8b'/>

       <source bridge='br0'/>

       <target dev='vnet14'/>

       <model type='virtio'/>

       <alias name='net0'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>

     </interface>

     <interface type='bridge'>

       <mac address='52:54:00:4a:9e:ea'/>

       <source bridge='br1'/>

       <target dev='vnet15'/>

       <model type='virtio'/>

       <alias name='net1'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>

     </interface>

     <serial type='pty'>

       <source path='/dev/pts/5'/>

       <target port='0'/>

       <alias name='serial0'/>

     </serial>

     <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/5'>

       <source path='/dev/pts/5'/>

       <target type='serial' port='0'/>

       <alias name='serial0'/>

     </console>

     <channel type='unix'>

       <source mode='bind' path='/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/domain-42-c720136/org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>

       <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0' state='disconnected'/>

       <alias name='channel0'/>

       <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>

     </channel>

     <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>

       <alias name='input0'/>

       <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>

     </input>

     <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'>

       <alias name='input1'/>

     </input>

     <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'>

       <alias name='input2'/>

     </input>

     <memballoon model='virtio'>

       <alias name='balloon0'/>

       <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>

     </memballoon>

   </devices>

   <seclabel type='none' model='none'/>

   <seclabel type='dynamic' model='dac' relabel='yes'>

     <label>+107:+107</label>

     <imagelabel>+107:+107</imagelabel>

   </seclabel>

</domain>

3. 保存配置文件到新的文件 。


[root@kvm-1 qemu]# virsh dumpxml c720136 > c720136.xm

[root@kvm-1 qemu]# head c720136.xml

<domain type='kvm' id='42'>

   <name>c720136</name>

   <uuid>d9605a81-38b8-47ed-8984-21dea6cb0d88</uuid>

   <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory>

   <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory>

   <vcpu placement='static'>8</vcpu>

   <resource>

     <partition>/machine</partition>

   </resource>

   <os>

4. 在适当的地方编辑配置文件 。


[root@kvm-1 qemu]# virsh edit c720136.xml

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原文地址: http://outofmemory.cn/zaji/586781.html

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