谁能帮忙把这篇父与子简介翻成英文！！

Comic strips, "Father and Son" is a German humorist Egypt • Austria • Bo Laoen immortal masterpieces

  Works, one by one vivid and humorous stories are from the cartoonist's true feelings in life, Father and Son actually cullaun a true portrayal of his son Christian A superb picture of small pieces of shining the light, silently pouring out of pure affection and living in harmony with their grandchildren newborn baby, forever shake people's hearts

  German comic artist and Egypt - Austria - Bo Laoen's masterpieces, in December 1934 during the war in Germany, the one between father and son reflect the life of ordinary people, emotional cartoon in the "Berlin Illustrated," serials, comic books full of human warmth and humor, the lives of ordinary people between father and son revealed through characterization of the true innocence Overflow with the warm human touch

  Bo Laoen formerly Erich - Haussaire, 1903 March 18 was born in Germany Fugelante a small village in the mountains, in 1907 moved with his father Bo Laoen Fugelante capital city of the mountains, 17-year-old into the art school in Leipzig, In the five years of studies Bulao En award-winning paintings, 1921 - 1933, published a great deal of humor Bulao En paintings, and writer illustrator Castner, 1930, and married玛丽嘉尔德the following year gave birth to her son Christian This is their Father and Son

  In 1934, Bo Laoen be permitted the Nazi authorities, without express political views under the premise of the "Berlin Illustrated" provides comic serials, master of the Christian and father of her son Paul - Haussaire of love into the "Fathers and Sons "The cartoons were consecutive three years, has created nearly 200 works, this love between father and son, gave extraordinary times and the people who brought sweet relief, and also so that he was a great success In 1944, Bo Laoen participation in the anti-Nazi activities, was arrested, in the face of Nazi death penalty, the master chose his 41-year-old's birthday is approaching when the committed suicide

  After the war, "Father and Son" collection published in Germany, a household name and won worldwide readers favorite, known as a symbol of Germany's sense of humor and enjoy the art of a high evaluation "Father and Son" comic to become the world's important chapter in the history of comics, this tenderness between father and son infected with humor every reader, with Time

★什么是入侵物种？

定义入侵物种的标准：

1）通过有意或无意的人类活动而被引入一个非本源地区域；

2）在当地的自然或人造生态系统中形成了自我再生能力；

3）给当地的生态系统或地理结构造成了明显的损害或影响；

4）中国国内被引出其本源地的物种和来自其他国家的非本地物种。

从自然分布地区（可以是其他国家和中国的其他地区）

通过有意或无意的人类活动而被引入

在当地的自然或人造生态系统中形成了自我再生能力

给当地的生态系统或景观造成了明显的损害或影响

★为什么外来种引起入侵？

生态系统是经过长期进化形成的，系统中的物种经过上百年、上千年的竞争、排斥、适应和互利互助，才形成了现在相互依赖又互相制约的密切关系。一个外来物种引入后，有可能因不能适应新环境而被排斥在系统之外，必须要有人的帮助才能勉强生存；也有可能因新的环境中没有相抗衡或制约它的生物，这个引进种可能成为真正的入侵者，打破平衡，改变或破坏当地的生态环境。

★入侵种引起什么问题？

直接减少物种数量

间接减少依赖于当地物种生存的物种的数量

改变当地生态系统和景观

对火灾和虫害的控制和抵抗能力降低

土壤保持和营养改善能力降低

水分保持和水质提高能力降低

生物多样性保护能力降低

★入侵种使我们造成什么损失？

生物多样性极其功能的丧失，这包括：

生态系统效益

生物资源

社会效益

40% 的世界经济和大约80%贫困人口的需求来自生物多样性。

当地物种和生态景观特有性的丧失，

生态旅游收入

当地土特生物产品

社会效益

全球化越盛行，当地特有性价值越高

周围农业和林业收入的减少

害虫控制花费

杂草控制花费

土壤肥力降低

水资源调节能力下降

可持续农业和林业依赖于其周围或更远地区良好的生态系统作为害虫和火灾的屏障，并保护土壤、营养和水资源

中国现在正在开展的最危险的大规模有意或无意引入外来物种的项目

大规模的退耕还林过程中大面积种植外来物种

包括桉树、外来松树、外来落叶松和在不适宜的海拔和地区种植经济树。

大规模的水土流失控制和草料栽培中主要依靠从国外（特别是美国）进口草种，有关中国当地草种的培育、研究和利用却十分少。

保护区绿化

使用外来物种恢复植被

城市绿化

大量外来入侵种都是为观赏植物引进

使用外来物种恢复植被

有大量的证据证明淡水和海水养殖业对水域生物多样性和生态系统的破坏是严重的

五爪金龙 (Ipomoea cairica)

西番莲 (Passiflora coerulea)

我们能作什么？

外来物种的有意引入和传播应在以下几个方面控制：

什么物种

引入到哪里

引入多少

应用面积

在保护区极其附近禁止引入外来种

禁止有意引入，除非证明不会对生态系统和环境造成危害，而且当地物种没有同样的功能

在所有的植被恢复项目中禁止使用外来物种

水花生

(Alternanthera philoxeroides)

水葫芦

(Eichhornia crassipes)

提倡使用当地物种

加强当地物种的可持续利用

加强当地物种的种源培育研究

发动民众采集和培育当地物种种子

建立入侵种预警系统

建立中国外来物种信息系统

在共享信息和经验的基础上建立全球信息系统

建立和更新最危险的入侵物种名录，并建立公约限制这些物种的扩散

部分外来入侵种：

哺乳类Mammals:

獭狸 Nutria (Myocastor coypus)

麝鼠 Musk rat (Ondatra zibethicus)

褐家鼠 Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)

鸟类Birds:

小葵花凤头鹦鹉 Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulpurea)

虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉Rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematotus)

加拿大鹅 Canada goose (Anser canadensis)

爬行类Reptiles:

巴西龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)

两栖类Amphibians:

牛蛙Bull frog (Rana catesbeiana)

鱼类Fishes:

鳙 Bighead (Aristichthys nobilis)

鰕虎鱼 Gobies (Gobiidae)

麦穗鱼 Topmouth Gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva)

食蚊鱼Mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis)

胎鳉 Livebearers (Poeciliidae)

鲈Perch (Perca fluviatilus)

鲢Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

甲壳类Crustaceans:

克氏螯虾 Crayfish (Procambius clarkii)

软体动物Mollusks:

福寿螺 Amazonian snail (Ampullaria gigas)

非洲大蜗牛 Giant Africa snail (Achatina fulica)

昆虫Insects:

白蚁 (Termite)

松突圆蚧 Pine Scale (Hemiberlesia pitysophila)

美国白蛾 Fall webworm, American White Moth (Hyphantria cunea)

蔗扁蛾 Banana moth (Opogona sacchari)

湿地松粉蚧 Loblolly pine mealybug (Oracella acuta)

美洲斑潜蝇 Vegetable Leaf Miner (Liriomyza sativae)

稻水象 American rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)

美洲大蠊 American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

德国小蠊 German Cockroach (Blattella germanica)

苹果棉蚜 Woolly Apple Aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum)

葡萄根虫 Grape Root Louse (Phylloxera vitifolii)

线虫Nematode:

松材线虫 North American pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

真菌Fungi:

甘薯长喙壳菌 Black Spot (Ceratocystis fimbriata)

野生动物疾病Wildlife Diseases:

鲑鱼传染性胰脏坏死病 Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus in trout (IPNV)

植物Plants:

土荆芥 Mexican Tea (Chenopodium ambrosioides)

水花生 Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)

刺花莲子草 Spingflower Alternanthera (Alternanthera pungens)

苋属植物Amaranth (Amaranthus)

仙人掌 Cacti (Cactaceae)

假连翘Golden Dewdrop (Duranta repens)

刺茄 Love Apple (Solanum aculeatissimum)

美洲车前 Plantaiga (Plantaginaceae)

异檐花 Venus' Looking-glass (Triodanis)

藿香蓟Tropic Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides)

豚草 Ragweed (Ambrosia)

白酒草属 Fleabance (Conyza)

一年蓬 Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus)

紫茎泽兰 Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum)

薇甘菊 South American Climber (Mikania micrantha)

北美一枝黄 Tall goldenrod (Solidago altissma)

大米草 Common cordgrass (Spartina anglica)

毒麦 Darnel ryegrass (Lolium temulentum)

水葫芦 Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

五爪金龙Palmate-leaved Morning Glory (Ipomoea cairica)

红瓜Ivygourd (Coccinia cordifolia)

马缨丹Common Lantana (Lantana camara)

五叶地锦Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia)

猫爪藤Common Cat's Claw Vine (Macfadyena unguis-cati)

三裂蟛蜞菊Trilobe Wedelia (Wedelia trilobata)

蓖麻Castor-oil Plant (Ricinus communis)

银胶菊Common Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus)

心叶落葵薯 Madeira Vine (Anredera cordifolia)

黄花草木樨 Yellow Sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis)

白香草木樨White Sweetclover (Melilotus albus)

棒叶景天Tubeleaf Kalanchce (Kalanchoe tubifolia)

蔓马缨丹Weeping Lantana (Lantana montevidensis)

假韭Oleanderleaf Nothoscordum (Nothoscordum gracile)

苇状羊茅Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

大花老鸦嘴 Blue Trumpet Vine (Thunbergia graniflora)

飞机草 Odor Eupatorium (Eupatorium odoratum)

单刺仙人掌Prickly Pear (Opuntia monacantha)

赛葵Coromandel Coast Falsemallow (Malvastrum coromandelianum)

梯牧草Timothy (Phleum pratense)

地毯草Carpetgrass (Axonopus compressus)

节节草Ramose Scouring Rush (Equisetum ramosissimum)

毛花雀稗Caterpillar Grass (Paspalum dilatatum)

铺地狼尾草West African Pennisetum (Pennisetum clandestinum)

莠狗尾草Knotroot Bristlegrass (Setaria geniculata)

苏丹草Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense)

多花黑麦草Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

球茎大麦Bulbous Barley (Hordeum bulbosum)

紫花苜蓿Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

熊耳草Mexican Ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum)

蛇目菊Tinctorial Coreopsis (Coreopsis tinctoria)

大花金鸡菊Lance Coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata)

矢车菊Corntfower (Centaurea cyanus)

万寿菊Aztec Marigold (Tagetes erecta)

裂叶牵牛Whiteedge Morning Glory (Ipomoea nil)

圆叶牵牛Common Morning Glory (Ipomoea purpurea)

紫茉莉Four-o'clock (Mirabilis jalapa)

含羞草Pink Woodsorrel (Mimosa pudica)

铜锤草Corymb Wood Sorrel (Oxalis corymbosa)

大麻Hemp (Cannabis indica)

含羞草决明Sensitiveplant-like Senna (Cassia mimosoides)

决明Sickle Senna (Cassia tora)

土人参Panicled Fameflower (Talinum paniculatum)

望江南Coffee Senna (Cassia occidentalis)

美洲商陆Common Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)

野茼蒿Hawksbeard Velvetplant (Crassocephalum crepidioides)

菊苣Common Chicory (Cichorium intybus)

外来入侵种，是指那些出现在其过去或现在的自然分布范围及扩散潜力以外（即在其自然分布范围以外或在没有直接或间接引入或人类照顾之下而不能存在）的物种、亚种或以下的分类单元，包括其所有可能存活、继而繁殖的部分、配子或繁殖体。外来入侵种是对于一个生态系统而言，在该生态系统中原来并沿有这个物种的存在，它是借助人类活动越过不能自然逾越的空间障碍而进来的。人自然情况下，山脉、河流、海洋等的阻隔以及气候、土壤、温度、湿度等自然地理因素的差异构成了物种迁移的障碍，依靠物种的自然扩散能力进入一个新的生态系统是相当国准的。虽然也有由于气候和地质构造变化，使动物、植物或病原体进入新的系统的情况，但更多的却是由于人类活动而有意或无意地导致了越米越多的物种迁移。

外来物种的入侵与生态系统的建立、稳定及演化的机制是分不开的。一个外来的物种被引人到一个新的平衡的生态系统中后，可能因不能适应新环境而被排斥在系统之外，必须依靠人类的帮助才能生存；也可能其恰好适合当地的气候和土壤条件，并且新的坏境中没有与之抗衡或制约的生物， 此时，这个外来种就成为真正的入侵者，打破生态平衡，改变或破坏当地的生态环境，成为外来入侵种。

当外来物种在自然或半自然生态系统或生境中建立了种群，改变或威胁本地生物多样性的时候，就成为外来人侵种。

外来入侵中的入侵和扩散机制

一个外来物种进入一个新的生态系统，最后是否形成入侵通常取决于两个因素：进入新环境的外来物种的自身特点，以及这个环境是否容易被这个物种入侵。

1、外来入侵种的特点

外来物种在新的生态系统中，如果温度、湿度、海拔、土壤、营养等环境条件适宜，就会自行繁衍。许多外来物种虽然可以形成自然种群，但多数种群数量都维持在较低水平，并不会造成危害。造成生物灾害的外来入侵种往往具有以下特点：（1）生态适应能力强；（2）繁殖能力强；（3）传播能力强。

2、被入侵生态系统的特点

几乎所有的生态系统或多或少都有外来物种的入侵，但其中一些生态系统更容易遭到入侵。和外来入侵种一样，这些容易遭到入侵的生态系统也具有一些共同特点。（1）具有足够的可利用资源；（2）缺乏自然控制机制；（3）人类进入的频率高。

3、容易遭受外来物种入侵的区域

依据外来入侵种的传入途径以及入侵种和生态系统的特点，可以预计在我国外来种容易入侵的区域。（1）重要的港口、口岸附近，铁路、公路两侧。经国际货运传入的外来种往往首先在港口、口岸附近登陆，遇到适宜的环境条件建立小的种群而后开始扩散；轮船的压舱水排放和营附着生活的海洋物种也常常在港口落脚；火车、汽车携带的外来种则容易在铁路、公路两侧定居、扩散。（2）认为干扰严重的森林、草场。人类活动可直接带来外来种。森林、草原等生态系统本来是稳定的，严重的认为干扰如乱砍滥伐、过度放牧使生态系统退化、多样性下降，给外来种的入侵创造了良好的条件。（3）物种多样性较低、生境较为简单的岛屿、水域、牧场。物种多样性低，自然抑制力也低，天敌种类少，外来种容易生存，种群容易扩增。（4）受突发性的自然干扰，如火灾、洪水和干旱等破坏后的生态环境。在这些生态环境中，生态系统短时间内受到严重破坏，物种组成和群落结构变得简单，入侵种极易迅速占据大量的生态位而成为优势物种。（5）温暖湿润、气候条件好的地区。如我国的南方地区，由于的地理和气候条件，常常给外来入侵种的大爆发提供良好的条件。

人类活动和外来入侵种

生物入侵最根本的原因是人类活动把这些物种带到了它们不应该出现的地方。因此，我们称这些物种是“有害的”，实际上对这些物种而言是不公平的，它们只是呆错了地方，而造成这种错误的原因常常是人类的一些对生态环境安全不负责任的活动。外来入侵物种的问题的关键是人为问题。

1、有意引种

是指人类有意实行的引种，将某个物种有目的地专一到其自然分布范围及扩散潜力以外（这类引种可以是授权地或未经授权地）。

2、无意引种

是指某个物种利用人类或人类传送系统为媒介，扩散到其自然分布范围以外地地方，从而形成地非有意地引入。

外来生物入侵的危害

（一）对生态的影响

为什么外来生物在原产地不造成危害，进入新的地区后却可能造成不良影响？某种生物在甲生态系统中由于受到生境、天敌、物种之间竞争和人为干扰等条件的限制，实际上与外界环境已构成协调的生态系统，因此该物种在甲生态系统表现得很“温和”；当人们有意识地把这个种引入（或无意地带入）到乙生态系统这一新的环境中，引入或带入的仅仅是该物种，没有（也不可能）将它在原产地的生境、天敌、竞争和干扰等限制因素也一同引进或同时带入，因此该物种就可能在乙生态系统更适宜的环境中“为所欲为”，暴发性发展，反客为主，对乙生态系统造成不良影响。这就是说，在自然界长期的进化过程中，生物与生物之间相互制约、相互协调，将各自的种群限制在一定的栖境和数量，形成了稳定的生态平衡系统。当一种生物传入一新的栖境后，如果脱离了人为控制逸为野生，在适宜的气候、土壤、水分及传播条件下，极易大肆扩散蔓延，形成大面积单优群落，破坏本地动植物相，危及本地濒危动植物的生存，造成生物多样性的丧失。

外来入侵种影响生态系统的机理及其带来的生态学影响如下：

1竞争、占据本地物种生态位，使本地种失去生存空间。

2与当地种竞争食物或直接杀死当地物种，影响本地物种生存。

3分泌释放化学物质，抑制其它物种生长。某些外来生物如豚草可释放酚酸类、聚乙炔、倍半萜内脂及甾醇等化感物质，对禾本科、菊科等一年生草本植物有明显的抑制、排斥作用。薇甘菊也可分泌化感物质影响其它植物生长。

4通过形成大面积单优群落，降低物种多样性，使依赖于当地物种多样性生存的其它物种没有适宜的栖息环境。水葫芦在河道、湖泊、池塘中的覆盖率往往可达100 %，由于降低了水中的溶解氧，致使水生动物死亡。豚草优势度为085～10，群落多样性为0～062。由于薇甘菊排挤本地植物，广东内伶仃岛上的猕猴缺少适宜的食料，目前只能借助于人工饲喂。飞机草在西双版纳自然保护区的蔓延已使穿叶蓼等本地植物处于灭绝的边缘，依赖于穿叶蓼生存的植食性昆虫同样处于灭绝的边缘。厦门鼓浪屿的猫爪藤攀爬绿化树木，在树冠上形成大片单优群落，影响树木光合作用导致死亡。

5过量利用本地土壤水分，不利于水土保持。巨尾桉引自澳大利亚，在海南岛和雷州半岛的很多林场都有种植，在一些地方，由于它大量吸收水分，对水土保持十分不利，造成土壤干燥。在一块土地上连续种植，就会使得土壤肥力愈来愈低，甚至形成荒芜之地。因此引进巨尾桉同样要因地制宜，根据需要，有目的地控制性引进。

6破坏景观的自然性和完整性。明朝末期引入的美洲产仙人掌属4个种分别在华南沿海地区和西南干热河谷地段形成优势群落。在那里原有的天然植被景观已很难见到。有的入侵种，特别是藤本植物，如厦门的猫爪藤，可以完全破坏发育良好、层次丰富的森林景观。

7影响遗传多样性。随着生境片段化，残存的次生植被常被入侵种分割、包围和渗透，使本土生物种群进一步破碎化，造成一些植被的近亲繁殖和遗传漂变。值得注意的是，与人类对环境的破坏不同，外来入侵物种对环境的破坏及对生态系统的威胁是长期的、持久的。当人类停止对某一环境的污染后，该环境会很快开始并逐渐恢复；而当一种外来物种停止传入一个生态系统后，已传入的该物种个体并不会自动消失，而大多会利用其逃脱了原有的天敌控制的优势在新的环境中大肆繁殖和扩散，对其控制或清除往往十分困难。而由于外来物种的排斥、竞争导致灭绝的本地特有物种则是不可恢复的。因而外来物种对生物多样性的威胁应引起足够的重视。

对社会和文化的影响

外来入侵物种通过改变侵入地的自然生态系统、通过降低物种多样性从而对当地社会、文化甚至人们的健康也产生了严重危害。我国是一个多民族国家，各民族特别是傣族、苗族、布依族等民族聚居地区周围都有其特殊的动植物资源和各具特色的生态系统，对当地特殊的民族文化和生活方式的形成具有重要作用。但由于飞机草、紫茎泽兰等外来入侵植物不断竞争、取代本地植物资源，生物入侵正在无声地削弱民族文化的根基。

外来种对人类健康可构成直接威胁。豚草花粉是人类变态反应症的主要致病原之一，所引起的“枯草热”对全世界很多国家的人类健康带来了极大的危害。一些外来动物如福寿螺等是人畜共患的寄生虫病的中间宿主，麝鼠可传播野兔热，极易给周围居民带来健康问题。疯牛病、口蹄疫、艾滋病更是对人类生存的巨大挑战。

对经济的影响

外来入侵种可带来直接和间接的经济危害。保守估计，外来种每年给我国的经济带来数千亿元的经济损失。

1外来入侵动植物成为直接危害农林业经济发展的重大有害生物

外来入侵动植物对农田、园艺、草坪、森林、畜牧、水产等可带来直接经济危害。水花生对水稻、小麦、玉米、红苕和莴苣5种作物全生育期引致的产量损失分别达45 %、36 %、19 %、63 %和47 %。广东、云南、江苏、浙江、福建、上海等省市每年都要人工打捞水葫芦，仅浙江温州市和福建莆田市1999年用于人工打捞水葫芦的费用分别为1 000和500万元，全国总的费用有多少，目前没有准确统计，至少超过1亿元，而水葫芦带来的农业灌溉、粮食运输、水产养殖、旅游等方面的经济损失更大。美洲斑潜蝇最早于1993年在海南发现，到1998年已在全国21个省市区发生面积达130万公顷以上，它寄生22个科的110种植物，尤其是蔬菜瓜果类受害严重，包括黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、西葫芦、丝瓜、番茄、辣椒、茄子、豇豆、菜豆、豌豆和扁豆等，目前在我国，每年防治斑潜蝇的成本高达4亿元。被称为“松树癌症”的松材线虫病在短短十年间，疫区已扩至江浙六省，发生面积约66万公顷，对黄山、张家界等风景名胜区构成了巨大威胁。

在国际贸易活动中，外来种常常引起国与国之间的贸易摩擦，成为贸易制裁的重要借口或手段。近年来我国出口美国的木制包装品因光肩星天牛问题给我国的对外贸易带来了数以千万计的经济损失。

2外来有害生物通过影响生态系统而给旅游业带来损失

如在云南昆明市，20世纪70－80年代建成了大观河的理想的水上旅游线路，游人可以从昆明市内开始乘船游滇池和西山。但自20世纪90年代初，大观河和滇池中的水葫芦“疯长”成灾，覆盖了整个大观河以及部分滇池水面，致使这条旅游线路被迫取消，原来在大观河两侧的配套的旅游设施只好报废或改作他用。

3外来生物通过改变生态系统所带来的一系列水土、气候等不良影响从而产生间接经济损失。与直接经济损失相比，计算间接损失往往十分困难。但并不意味着间接损失不大。比如，大量的水葫芦植株死亡后与泥沙混合沉积水底，抬高河床，使很多河道、池塘、湖泊逐渐出现了沼泽化，有的因此而被废弃使用，由此对周围气候和自然景观产生不利变化，并加剧了旱灾、水灾的危害程度；而且水葫芦植株大量吸附重金属等有毒物质，死亡后沉入水地，构成对水质的二次污染，又加剧了污染程度，尽管这些损失难以准确计算，但却不容忽视。

参考资料：

Independently chooses profession by the contemporary university student the way content abstract: In the last few years expands along with the universities incurs the education for all-around development the popularization, the university student on the question always is society's focal point question This article from the independent choosing profession inevitability, necessary, the national policy guidance, the universities specialized design and the university student itself ideology and so on several aspects showed how promotes the university student independently to choose profession smoothly carries on How should the country effectively formulate the implementation to be advantageous the action which gets employed to the university student; How should the university student know in the employment process exists the question, how positive does adjust own ideology and the time background, the employment situation unifies and its in the process has the problem coordinated means this article to have the exhaustive elaboration Key word: Independent choosing profession ideology policy guidance specialized establishment By the contemporary public administration reform development tendency content abstract in globalization today, between the various countries' relation is day by day close, the various countries all unceasingly is strengthening if his country relation, in domain and so on economy, politics, culture, science and technology education all had broad and the close cooperation Under such background, the various countries' government also faces this greatly to test, whether our country public administration development and did the government existing system already become adapts the current world events important basis Therefore, the various countries all is carrying on the unceasing exploration and the attempt, attempts to seek to one effective way reconstructs the government and even the entire social system, establishes a harmony, stably, the effective behavior mechanism, achieved the world scope the public affairs exchange is unimpeded Says regarding China, this has provided a very good turning point, enables our country to be allowed under the world public administration reform tide, links to own reality, founds to conform to the contemporary China actual national condition road of reform development Therefore, we should the positive absorption west advanced public administration experience, fully display the government the strength, urges the public resource in each domain effective disposition This article lies in with emphasis through to the public administration basic concept understanding, has analyzed western and China's public administration reform historical evolution and the practical significance, the thorough dialysis under the globalization background contemporary China public administration reform development tendency, has obtained the reform profound suggestion

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论当代大学生自主择业途径

内容摘要：近几年来随着高校扩招素质教育的普及，大学生就问题一直是社会的焦点问题。本文从自主择业的必然性、必要性、国家政策引导、高校专业设计及大学生本身的思想意识等几个方面说明了如何促进大学生自主择业顺利进行。国家该如何有效制定实施有利于大学生就业的举措；大学生该如何认识就业过程中存在的问题，如何积极的调节自己的思想意识与时代背景、就业形势相统一及其过程中存在问题的协调办法本文均有详尽论述。

关键词：自主择业 思想意识 政策引导 专业设置

论当代公共行政改革发展趋势

内容摘要

在全球化的今天，各国之间的联系日趋紧密，各国都在不断加强与其他国家的联系，在经济、政治、文化、科教等领域都有了广泛而密切的合作。在这样的背景下，各国的政府也面临这巨大考验，本国公共行政的发展和政府现有体系已经成为能否适应当前世界形势的重要依据。因此，世界各国都在进行不断的探索和尝试，试图寻找到一种有效的方式重新构建政府乃至整个社会体系，创立一个和谐、稳定、有效的行为机制，达到世界范围的公共事务的交流畅通。对于中国而言，这提供了一个很好的契机，让我国可以在世界的公共行政改革的浪潮下，结合自己的实际，开创出一条符合当代中国实际国情的改革发展之路。因此，我们应该积极的吸取西方先进的公共行政经验，充分发挥政府的力量，促使公共资源在各个领域的有效配置。本文重点在于通过对公共行政基本概念的认识，分析了西方和中国的公共行政改革的历史演变和现实意义，深入透析了在全球化背景下的当代中国公共行政改革发展趋势，得出了改革的深刻建议。

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自从读了这本书之后，我知道了自己的不足，学习上不再因为一两次不顺利而失去信心，而是越考不好，就越要考好。今后，我不管遇到什么困难，都要信心十足地去面对，坚持到底，决不退缩。我要感谢这本书，感谢它让我学到了那么多知识，感谢它让我懂得了那么多道理，感谢它让我知道自己的不足，及时改正自己的缺点，使我成为一个对社会有用的人。不妨将鲨鱼看作打击，吃掉我们的成功和幸福。但正如那孩子说的：“它没有打败你，它没有。” 一个真正的强者，只能被摧毁而不能被击败。 永不言败，这就是《老人与海》告诉我们的。

Since reading this book, I know less than their own, not because of learning one or two do not go well and lose confidence, but more test well, the more to be a good test From now on, I do not care what kind of difficulties encountered, we must face with confidence, insisted in the end, and never flinched I would like to thank the book, thanks to it so that I have learned so much knowledge, it let me know how to thank so many reason, let me know for its own lack of timely and correct their own shortcomings, so that I become a socially useful people Sharks may be seen as a blow to eat our success and happiness But as the child said: "It does not beat you, it does not" A real strong, can only be destroyed can not be beat Solely, which is "Old Man and the Sea" tells us

《基督山伯爵》读后感

爱也彻底,恨也彻底报恩也彻底,复仇也彻底这就是在我读完《基督山复仇记》后最大的感受中国有句俗语叫做"君子报仇,十年不晚",报仇也是需要养精蓄锐的,并不是凭着一时的心绪就可轻举妄动的而基督山伯爵,则是最具体的用自己的行动阐释了这句俗语的在经历十四年的地牢生涯后,他的人生要义就是找寻曾经的亲人,曾经的恩人和曾经的仇人在确认了所要寻找的人以后,他并没有如我们在武侠小说里所见的那样,于恩人抱拳云"赴汤蹈火,再所不惜",于仇人一剑刺死他选择了他自己的方式对曾经有恩于自己的船主一家,他竭其所能,默默地支持着,以各种各样的方式,却从来不让他们知道其实自己就是为了报恩而来如果说他的报恩令人感动,那他的复仇则是如此的淋漓尽致,在我们也有几度的叫好后不免有点心惊

Love also thoroughly, and hate also thoroughly Gratitude also thoroughly also, revenge thoroughly This is when I read the record "JiDuShan revenge after the biggest feelings Chinese proverb called" the gentleman revenge, decade not night, "vengeance is also need to refresh, and not by temporary mood can indiscretion And JiDuShan earl, is the most concrete with his actions explains the saying After 14 years of dungeons career after his meaning of life is looking for ever loved ones, once benefactor and former enemies In confirmed what to look after the man, he is not as we in wuxia novels seen in that, to go through fire and water benefactor fuels cloud" notted hesitate again ", in enemy sword stabbing to death He chose his own way to once one The owner of a himself, he exerting its can, silently support, in a variety of ways, but never let them know oneself is to repay If his gratitude sensational, that his revenge is so incisively and vividly, there are moments when we also gave a bit after the unavoidable effects-packed chiller

读《永别了武器》

一个告别了武器的人,不是敌人的俘虏,就是爱的俘虏我不是不善于自我保护,实在是一个放弃自我保护的人就如同生命的数据库,已经不需要进入的密码,随时都可以打开全部程序,可以读出全部的文件我说的俘虏,就是这个意义上的俘虏当我把自我放到阳光下的时侯,我明白从此不能有所伪装,隐蔽的日子一想起就令人不安当我意识到抗拒的无奈,有多少时间无可挽回,有多少记忆渐渐从内心淡出说到底,俘虏就是一个不能抵挡伤害的人,就是要有足够的勇气放弃希望,必须承受生存的全部压力本来,在属于个人的空间,可以沉浸于独自的幻想,可以从尘埃里开出虚拟的花朵而一个放弃自我保护的人是连欺骗自己都不能,只有不断地净化内心世界

A bid farewell to arms, not enemies captive, is love captive I am not good at to protect themselves, is really a abandon ego to protect people Just like life database, already did not need to enter the password can always open all programs, you can read all the files I said, is this sense captive prisoners When I put the self in the sunshine of hou, I understand from now on can't have camouflage, hidden days of disturbing When I realized I resist helpless, how much time irreparably, how much memory gradually from the inner atomica After all, captive is a can't withstand the hurt, is must have enough courage to give up hope, must bear survival of all pressure Originally, in belongs to individual space, can immerse yourself in the illusion of alone, can leave from the dust of flower And a virtual abandon protective man is even deceive himself can't, only by continuously purification inner world

《哈姆雷特》读后感

莎翁的《哈姆雷特》是一部经典的代表作这本书在表面情节上与历史的传说并没有多大的区别,讲的还是丹麦王子为父报仇的故事,其中充满了血腥暴力和死亡正如 剧中人霍拉旭所说:" 你们可以听到奸*残杀,反常修理的行为,冥冥中的判决,意外 的屠戮,借手杀人的狡计,以及陷入自害的结局" 曲折选宕的情节,紧紧围绕着复仇 而展开哈姆雷特从德国的威登堡匆匆赶回国内,是来参加他父亲的葬礼的,使他不能 接受的是,他未赶上父亲的葬礼,却目睹了母亲与叔叔克劳迪斯的婚礼,这已使哈姆莱特疑窦在心,加之夜晚在王宫城堡的露台上与父亲的亡魂相见,亡魂哀诉,这桩暴行是 哈姆雷特的叔叔所为,并要他为父报仇至此,他开始了艰难的复仇历程,与克劳迪斯展开了你死我活的较量最终,向克劳迪斯发出了复仇之剑

Shakespeare's Hamlet is a classic masterpiece This book in surface witcher and history of legend doesn't make much difference, speak or revenge for the father of the prince of Denmark, including filled with stories of blood and violence and death As dramatis personae huo pull xu said: "you could hear adultery slaughter, abnormal repair behavior, mianmianzhong the judgment, accidental massacring, borrow hand the guile of Hegelian reason, and kill into the harm of ending" choose either plot twists and turns, and tightly around revenge on Hamlet from the German vuitton hurried home, is come to his father's funeral, so that he can't accept, he missed his father's funeral, but saw his mother and his uncle claudius wedding, it has made Hamlet doubts in mind, coupled with the night at the palace of the castle with father spirits of the balcony meet, ghosts cry of lawsuit, this pile of Hamlet brutality is behaved, and his uncle vengeance for father So far, he began his difficult process, and revenge claudius launched a life-and-death battle Eventually, to claudius issued the sword of revenge

《傲慢与偏见》

正如她自己所说,是在两寸象牙上细细的雕刻,它是奥斯汀的代表作这部反映婚姻问题的小说是作者作品中最受欢迎的一部,也是她本人最喜欢的作品作品生动的反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情其社会风情画似的小说不仅在当时吸引着广大的读者,实至今日,仍给读者以独特的艺术享受她是第一个现实地描绘日常平凡生活中平凡恩的小说家,在英国小说史上起了承上启下的作用 整部作品没有滂沱的气势,没有曲折跌宕的情节,但就是这种简单,精致深深地吸引着我们奥斯汀短暂的一生几乎都是在英国的乡间度过的,也许就是周围朴素,宁静的氛围孕育了她淡然的气质并不能因为没有丰富的经历,就对她的对于事物的分析能力有所怀疑,读过《傲慢与偏见》的人一定会为她细腻,敏锐的情感所折服在写《傲慢与偏见》时,她只是一个十几岁的女孩,难道这不是一种天赋么她的确很少接触"外界",但思想存在,想象存在,这一切的存在就足够

Just as what she said, is in two inches of ivory carving narrow, it is the masterpiece of Austin The reflection of marital problems novel is the author works in the most popular film, and also her personal favorite works Works vivid reflects the 18th century to the early 19th century in conservative and unenlightened condition of British town life and generally favor Its social walking like novels not only at that time attracted broad readers, real to today, still give the reader a unique art enjoyment She was the first to describe reality daily in the ordinary life ordinary grace in British novelist, novel plays a connecting link between the preceding full-length works no role The imposing manner, no torrential twists plot twists and turns, but is this kind of simple, delicate deeply attracts us Austin brief life is almost in Britain spend, is perhaps the countryside around simple, halcyon atmosphere gave birth to her couse temperament Not because no rich experience, to her for things analytical suspect somewhat, read "pride and prejudice" will for she is exquisite, sharp emotional tracks Write "pride and prejudice", she's just a teenage girl, would it not a gift She really rarely contact "outside", but the thoughts, imagine the existence of existence, all this is enough

《释梦》

弗洛伊德(1856--l939)是奥地利著名的精神病学家,精神分析学派的创始人他的著作横跨半个世纪,对文学,哲学,神学,伦理学,美学,政治科学,社会学和大众心理产生了广泛而深入的影响,如果以影响的范围作为衡量伟大的标准,那么弗洛伊德无疑是最伟大的心理学家弗洛伊德发动了人类思想史上又一次哥白尼式革命,他指出人类的无意识是无法被意识所控制,人类的潜意识中蕴含了巨大的心理内容,他以最理性的声音诉说了人类的无理性《释梦》是弗洛伊德支柱性的学术著作通过对梦的研究极大地拓展了人类对自身的探究的幅度,对我们的生活产生了深远的影响

Freud (1856 - l939) is Austrian famed psychiatrist, psychoanalytic founder He works for half a century, across the literature, philosophy and theology, ethics, aesthetics, political science, psychology sociology and mass produced extensive and profound influence, if with the scope of influence of as a measure of great standard, then Freud is undoubtedly the most great psychologist Freud launched human history again Copernican revolution, he pointed out that the human unconscious cannot be conscious control, human unconscious mind contains a huge psychological content, he with the most rational voice telling the human irrational "dream" is the release of academic works Freud backbone through in dreams greatly expand the human to oneself of exploration of the amplitude, we live in a far-reaching influence

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